WANdisco Fusion 2.16 User Guide

1. Introduction

Welcome to the User Guide for WANdisco Fusion, version 2.16.5.

1.1. What is Fusion?

WANdisco Fusion solves the exponentially growing challenge of keeping unstructured data available across diverse IT environments regardless of geographic location, architecture, or cloud storage provider. Our technology is based on a high-performance coordination engine, which uses consensus to keep Hadoop and object store data accessible, accurate, and consistent in different locations across any environment. WANdisco Fusion is a foundation for a modern cloud data strategy, a LiveData strategy, because it prevents data disasters, de-risks data migration to the cloud, and simplifies hybrid and multi-cloud data management.

1.1.1. Benefits

Coordinates changes to data across heterogeneous storage systems achieving consensus and consistency at scale.
Minimizes latency by allowing applications to use data locally, while replicating changes consistently with other replicas.
Eliminates points of failure by ensuring data remain available even when systems fail.
Self-healing in the event of an outage with automated recovery.
Multi-directional replication capability allows active workloads in all locations.
Works with Hadoop file systems, object storage, Hive data, and security metadata.
Works across any network topology - LAN, WAN, public and private clouds.
Leverages a common administration and management interface.

1.2. Using this guide

This guide describes how to install and administer WANdisco Fusion. It covers:

The core concepts of how WANdisco Fusion operates, and how it fits into your environment.
How to install in both on-premises and cloud-based environments.
How to run, configure and troubleshoot WANdisco Fusion.

The release notes are available at community.wandisco.com.

1.3. Symbols in the documentation

In the guide we highlight types of information using the following call outs:

The alert symbol highlights important information.

The STOP symbol cautions you against doing something.

Tips are principles or practices that you’ll benefit from knowing or using.

The KB symbol shows where you can find more information, such as in our online Knowledge base.

1.4. Contact

See our online Knowledge base which contains updates and more information.

If you need more help raise a case on our support website.

If you find an error or if you think some information needs improving, raise a case on our support website or email docs@wandisco.com.

1.5. Local Language Support

WANdisco Fusion supports internationalization (i18n) and currently renders in the following languages.

Language

code

U.S. English

en-US

Simplified Chinese

zh-CN

During the command-line installation phase, the display language is set by the system’s locale. In use, the display language is determined through the user’s browser settings. Where language support is not available for your locale, then U.S. English will be displayed.

To handle non-ASCII characters in file and folder names, the LC_ALL environment variable must be set to en_US.UTF-8. This can be edited in /etc/wandisco/fusion/ui/main.conf. You must make sure that the locale is correctly installed.

There are a few areas which are not automatically translated, for example Email templates, but these can be easily modified as described in the relevant sections.

2. Release Notes

2.1. Version 2.16.5 Build 347

24 September 2021

For the release notes and information on known issues, please visit the Knowledge base: WANdisco Fusion 2.16.5 Release Notes.

2.2. Version 2.16.4 Build 290

5 July 2021

For the release notes and information on known issues, please visit the Knowledge base: WANdisco Fusion 2.16.4 Release Notes.

2.3. Version 2.16.3 Build 226

22 April 2021

For the release notes and information on known issues, please visit the Knowledge base: WANdisco Fusion 2.16.3 Release Notes.

2.4. Version 2.16.0 Build 108

17 November 2020

For the release notes and information on known issues, please visit the Knowledge base: WANdisco Fusion 2.16.0 Release Notes.

3. Concepts

3.1. Product concepts

This section outlines some of the WANdisco Fusion concepts. More detailed information can be found in the Background Reading section of the Reference Guide.

3.1.1. Why WANdisco Fusion?

The Benefits of WANdisco Fusion

Business continuity in a distributed environment: A new approach to large scale data replication ensures data consistency and availability, even during large scale data migrations / cloud migrations.
Global data resiliency: Continuous replication prevents data disasters.
Always available data: Users and applications can access and change data from any location.
Improved application performance: Eliminates latency, points of failure, and availability challenges associated with geo-distributed data regardless of distance.
Ability to meet strict data SLAs: Near-zero RPO/RTO removes data gaps inherent with point-in-time backups or snapshots, and enables a long-term strategy for meeting regulation compliance requirements.
Reduced data gravity challenges: Avoids cloud vendor lock-in and simplifies management of multiple cloud storage providers.
Self-healing: Eliminates the need for administrators to respond to system level failures with automated recovery.

Features

Flexible selective replication defined at a per-folder level or per-data set.
Compatibility with common security protocols – Kerberos, SSL/TLS, LDAP.
Quickly compare and validate data consistency between zones and replicated environments.
Replicate encrypted at-rest data between different platforms.
Network trace is between WANdisco Fusion servers so that application environments can stay isolated.
UI-controlled throttling of network bandwidth utilization.
API support of server administration and automation.
Data is replicated and stored in cloud native formats for direct access by applications and services.
Run applications in multiple, geographically separate locations with local endpoints in each.

100% Reliability

LiveData uses a set of Paxos-based algorithms to continue to replicate even after brief networks outages, data changes will automatically catch up once connectivity between clusters is restored.

Below the coordination stream, actual data transfer is done as an asynchronous background process.

Replication where and when you need

WANdisco Fusion supports Selective replication, where you control which data is replicated to particular clusters, based on your security or data management policies. Data can be replicated globally if data is available to every cluster or just one cluster.

Figure 1. Simplified Replication diagram

3.2. WANdisco Fusion architecture

3.2.1. Example Workflow

The following diagram presents a simplified workflow for WANdisco Fusion, which illustrates a basic use case and points to how WANdisco’s distributed coordination engine (DConE) is implemented to overcome the challenges of coordination.

Figure 2. Coordination

User makes a request to create or change a file on the cluster.
WANdisco Fusion coordinates File Open to the external cluster.
File is added to underlying storage.
WANdisco Fusion coordinates at configurable write increments and File Close with other clusters.
WANdisco Fusion server at remote cluster pulls data from IHC server on source cluster.
WANdisco Fusion server at remote site writes data to its local cluster.

3.2.2. Zones

A Zone represents the file system used in a standalone Hadoop cluster. Multiple Zones could be from separate clusters in the same data center, or could be from distinct clusters operating in geographically-separate data centers that span the globe. WANdisco Fusion operates as a distributed collection of servers. While each WANdisco Fusion server always belongs to only one Zone, a Zone can have multiple WANdisco Fusion servers (for load balancing and high availability). When you install WANdisco Fusion, you should create a Zone for each cluster’s file system.

3.2.3. Authorization and Authentication

The Fusion user interface provides an LDAP/AD connection, allowing Fusion users to be managed through a suitable Authorization Authority, such as an LDAP, Active Directory or Cloudera Manager-based system. Users can have their access to Fusion fine-tuned using assigned roles. Each Fusion user can be assigned one or more roles through the organization’s authorization authority, see Roles and Permissions for more information. You can also read more in the reference guide, or the operation section for details on connecting to LDAP/Active Directory.

Figure 3. Fusion Authorization and Authentication model

3.3. NameNode Proxy architecture

Fusion 2.14.1 introduced a new feature/deployment model called NameNode Proxy.

The NameNode Proxy provides an alternative to the WANdisco Fusion Client to replicate HDFS client calls. NameNode Proxy removes the need for Fusion client libraries by having Fusion coordinate activities performed against the Hadoop NameNode. This allows HDFS client actions made to the HDFS NameNode to be proxied and passed to the Fusion Server for replication.

Unlike the Fusion client, the NameNode Proxy does not require a client package install for every HDFS client node nor additional classpath changes for various HDFS supported applications. It simplifies the integration of WANdisco Fusion with Hadoop environments.

3.3.1. Example Workflow

Figure 4. NameNode Proxy Architecture

A remote procedure call (RPC call) is a network protocol that is used for point-to-point communications between software applications. Client and server applications communicate during this process.

The client sends an RPC call to the NameNode Proxy defined by the fs.defaultFS.
NameNode Proxy will take the RPC call, create a proxy request and send it to the Fusion server.
The local Fusion server sends the request to remote Fusion servers and waits for an agreed response.
The NameNode Proxy will coordinate the request.
Once the request is coordinated, the request is sent to the HDFS NameNode.
The HDFS NameNode completes the request and sends a response back to the NameNode Proxy.
The Fusion Server picks up the response from the NameNode Proxy Plugin.
The Fusion Server sends the response to the NameNode Proxy as a NameNode Proxy response.
The NameNode Proxy sends the protobuf response to the client.

3.3.2. Limitations

The NameNode Proxy node must be installed on a managed node with a HDFS gateway (a node with managed core-site.xml and hdfs-site.xml).
fs.fusion.push.threshold is not supported. Early pull requests will be sent out every time a block is written.
NameNode Proxy is a server-side process and so won’t recognise overrides from the Hadoop CLI client side configurations using -D.
NameNode Proxy does not support fsck.
The fsck command finds the active NameNode and uses the http address associated with it to retrieve results. When using NameNode Proxy, the active NameNode address does not necessarily correlate with the real active NameNode and so the HTTP address of a standby NameNode can incorrectly be used instead. When running fsck, you should therefore point the command against the underlying NameNodes' namespace.
```
hadoop fs -fsck hdfs://<underlyingNs>/
```

3.3.3. Supported Functionality

NameNode Proxy will operate with HDFS client commands. There is no impact on functional HDFS client behavior, however performance maybe affected.
Replication is supported for remote environments that use a non-HDFS file system.
NameNode Proxy supports Router Based Federation.
High Availability is supported for both HDFS NameNode High Availability (see Configure for High Availability Hadoop) and NameNode Proxy HA.
Fusion bypass is supported with NameNode Proxy.
NameNode Proxy supports operation with Live Hive with the appropriate configurations.
Kerberos and SSL security is supported.

3.3.4. Use Case for NameNode Proxy

The following use case illustrates how NameNode Proxy can be integrated into different types of deployments.

Figure 5. Single NameNode Proxy per zone

3.4. Deployment models

The following deployment models illustrate some of the common use cases for running WANdisco Fusion.

3.4.1. Analytic off-loading

In a typical on-premises Hadoop cluster, data ingest, analytic jobs all run through the same infrastructure where some activities impose a load on the cluster that can impact other activities. WANdisco Fusion allows you to divide up the workflow across separate environments, which lets you isolate the overheads associated with some events. You can ingest in one environment while using a different environment where capacity is provided to run the analytic jobs. You get more control over each environment’s performance.

You can ingest data from anywhere and query that at scale within the environment.
You can ingest data on premises (or where ever the data is generated) and query it at scale in another optimized environment, such as a cloud environment with elastic scaling that can be spun up only when queries jobs are queued. In this model, you may ingest data continuously but you don’t need to run a large cluster 24-hours-per-day for queries jobs.

3.4.2. Multi-stage jobs across multiple environments

A typical Hadoop workflow might involve a series of activities, ingesting data, cleaning data and then analyzing the data in a short series of steps. You may be generating intermediate output to be run against end-stage reporting jobs that perform analytical work, running all these work streams on a single cluster could require a lot of careful coordination with different types of workloads, conducting multi-stage jobs. This is a common chain of query activities for Hadoop applications, where you might ingest raw data, refine and augment it with other information, then eventually run analytic jobs against your output on a periodic basis, for reporting purposes, or in real-time.

In a replicated environment, however, you can control where those job stages are run. You can split this activity across multiple clusters to ensure the queries jobs needed for reporting purposes will have access to the capacity necessary to ensure that they run under within SLAs. You also can run different types of clusters to make more efficient use of the overall chain of work that occurs in a multi-stage job environments. You could have a cluster running that is tweaked and tuned for most efficient ingest, while running a completely different kind of environment that is tuned for another task, such as the end-stage reporting jobs that run against processed and augmented data. Running with Live data across multiple environments allows you to run each different type of activity in the most efficient way.

3.4.3. Migration

WANdisco Fusion allows you to move both the Hive data, stored in HCFS and associated Hive metadata from an on-premises cluster over to cloud-based infrastructure. There’s no need to stop your cluster activity; the migration can happen without impact to your Hadoop operations.

3.4.4. Disaster Recovery

As data is replicated between nodes on a continuous basis, WANdisco Fusion is an ideal solution for protecting your data from loss. If a disaster occurs, there’s no complicated switchover as the data is always operational.

3.4.5. Hadoop to S3

WANdisco Fusion can be used to migrate or replicate data from a Hadoop platform to S3, or S3 compatible, storage. WANdisco’s S3 plugin provides:

LiveData transactional replication from the on-premise cluster to an S3 bucket
Consistency check of data between the Hadoop platform and the S3 bucket
Point-in-time batch operations to return to consistency from Hadoop to S3
Point-in-time batch operations to return to consistency from S3 back to Hadoop

However it does not provide any facility for LiveData transactional replication from S3 to Hadoop.

3.5. Working in the Hadoop ecosystem

This section covers the final step in setting up a WANdisco Fusion cluster, where supported Hadoop applications are plugged into WANdisco Fusion’s synchronized distributed namespace. It won’t be possible to cover all the requirements for all the third-party software covered here, we strongly recommend that you get hold of the corresponding documentation for each Hadoop application before you work through these procedures.

3.5.1. Application Plugins

Multiple plugins allow you to extend the WANdisco Fusion platform to support the live replication of Hadoop applications. See docs.wandisco.com for the plugin user guides.

Fusion Plugin for Live Hive: This enables WANdisco Fusion to replicate Apache Hive’s metastore, allowing WANdisco Fusion to maintain a replicated instance of Hive’s metadata.
Fusion Plugin for Live Ranger: Apache Ranger is a centralized security console for Hadoop clusters, a preferred solution for Hortonworks HDP. Use the Fusion Plugin for Live Ranger to extend the capabilities of WANdisco Fusion to Apache Ranger across multiple Hadoop environments, and keep your security policies consistent.
Fusion Plugin for Live Sentry: Apache Sentry provides fine-grained authorization and role-based access control on the Cloudera platform. Use the Fusion Plugin for Live Sentry to extend WANdisco Fusion with the ability to replicate policies among Apache Sentry Policy Provider instances.

3.5.2. Knowledge base - further details

There are many applications which will need access to Fusion client libraries, some are detailed in this section but many more can be found in our Knowledge base.

3.5.3. Hadoop File System Configuration

The following section explains how Fusion interacts with and replicates to file systems and object stores.

There are several options available for configuring Hadoop clients to work with Fusion, with different configurations suiting different types of deployment. Configuration is done during installation but can also be changed in-life through the Fusion UI, or even manually by amending the core-site for the environment. Manual amendments to the core-site should only be required for some unmanaged environments (such as S3A, LocalFs, etc).

Fusion Client

The Hadoop file system looks at either the input URI (e.g. fusion://) or the fs.defaultFS property for a scheme.
It then looks for the implementation property, for example, fs.fusion.impl to instantiate a filesystem.
In order to instantiate Fusion, the implementation property needs to match with a compatible implementation, for example, Fusion’s HDFS class fs.fusion.impl=com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs.
Fusion uses the fs.fusion.underlyingFsClass property to identify the underlying filesystem, therefore, it can map local client requests to the underlying filesystem.
The consequence of using this URI or fs.defaultFS scheme is that Fusion can intercept client requests to replicate to another filesystem, as well as processing requests for the underlying filesystem.

NameNode Proxy with HDFS

As of Fusion 2.14.1, the NameNode Proxy is available as an alternative to the Fusion Client on Hadoop clusters utilising HDFS.
The fs.fusion.underlyingFsClass property is still used to identify the underlying filesystem, however, the implementation property (e.g fs.fusion.impl or fs.hdfs.impl) is no longer required.
The NameNode Proxy intercepts client and application requests to the NameNode(s) directly. See NameNode Proxy Architecture for more detailed information.

Universal Resource Identifier (URI)

Client access to Fusion is chiefly driven by URI selection. The exception to this being the NameNode Proxy, which is explained in the further detail in the Fusion’s URI options section.

The Hadoop URI consists of a scheme, authority, and path. The scheme and authority together determines the FileSystem implementation.

For example, the default for on-premise Hadoop clusters is HDFS and is referred to by the fs.hdfs.impl property. This property points at the Java class that handles references to files under the hdfs:// prefix.

This prefix is entirely arbitrary, and you could use any prefix that you want, providing that it points to an appropriate fs.*.impl that will handle the filesystem commands that you need.

MapR must use WANdisco’s native fusion:// URI, instead of the default hdfs://. See Fusion URI with HCFS option in the section below.

On-premises - Fusion options for URI selection

Namenode Proxy with HDFS
The NameNode Proxy with HDFS option provides an alternative to the Fusion client to replicate HDFS client calls.

Fusion NameNode Proxy removes the need for Fusion client libraries by having Fusion coordinate activities performed against the Hadoop NameNode. This allows HDFS client actions made to the HDFS NameNode to be proxied and passed to the Fusion Server for replication.

Unlike the other URI Selection options (which all use the Fusion client), the NameNode Proxy does not require a client package install for every HDFS client node nor additional classpath changes for various HDFS supported applications. It simplifies the integration of WANdisco Fusion with Hadoop environments.

HDFS URI with HDFS
This option allows WANdisco Fusion to operate entirely within the HDFS standard URI scheme (hdfs://). As such, application and client requests do not need to reference a different URI scheme in order to replicate files and directories.

This can also be useful if the Hadoop applications do not support a custom URI scheme, such as the WANdisco Fusion URI, or HCFS standards.

This configuration will not allow paths with the fusion:// URI to be used; only paths starting with hdfs:// that correspond to a mapped path will be replicated. The underlying file system will be an instance of the HDFS DistributedFileSystem, which will support applications that are not written to the HCFS specification.

Fusion URI with HCFS
When this option is selected, you need to use fusion:// URI for all data that must be replicated over an instance of the Hadoop Compatible File System. If your deployment includes Hadoop applications that are either unable to support the Fusion URI or are not written to the HCFS specification, this option will not work.

Fusion URI with HDFS
This differs from the HCFS variant in that while the WANdisco Fusion URI is used to identify data to be replicated, the replication is performed using HDFS itself. This option can be used if you are deploying applications that can support the WANdisco Fusion URI but not the Hadoop Compatible File System.

Fusion URI and HDFS URI with HDFS
This "mixed mode" supports all the replication schemes (fusion://, hdfs:// and no scheme) and uses HDFS for the underlying file system, to support applications that aren’t written to the HCFS specification.

Cloud - Fusion options for URI selection

Fusion URI with HCFS
When this option is selected, you need to use fusion:// URI for all data that must be replicated over an instance of the Hadoop Compatible File System.

Platforms that must run with Fusion URI with HCFS

Azure
LocalFS
UmanagedBigInsights
UnmanagedSwift
UnmanagedGoogle
UnmanagedS3
UnmanagedEMR
MapR

Default filesystem
This option requires manual configuration of the environment’s filesystem implementation so that it references Fusion’s HCFS class. Much like the HDFS URI with HDFS scheme for on-premise options, this will integrate Fusion into the default URI scheme for the environment.

Examples

On ADL, Fusion would require fs.adl.impl to reference the Fusion HCFS class, instead of the default ADL class.
On WASB, Fusion would require fs.wasb.impl to reference the Fusion HCFS class, instead of the default WASB class.

Implementation property

The fs.*.impl property is the abstract FileSystem implementation that will be used.

<property>
  <name>fs.<implementation-name>.impl</name>
<value>valid.impl.class.for.an.hcfs.implementation</value>
</property>

Further explanation of properties

If you would like to understand more about the properties referenced in this section, please refer to the background reading section for this segment.

3.5.4. Hive

This section provides guidance on integrating WANdisco Fusion with Apache Hive when using the specific fusion:/// URI scheme.

It aims to accomplish the following goals:

Replicate Hive table storage.
Use fusion URIs as store paths.
Use fusion URIs as load paths.

Prerequisites:

Knowledge of Hive architecture.
Ability to modify Hadoop site configuration.
WANdisco Fusion installed and operating.

Replicating Hive Storage via fusion:///

The following requirements come into play if you have deployed WANdisco Fusion using with its native fusion:/// URI.

In order to store a Hive table, you specify a Fusion URI when creating a table. E.g. consider creating a table called log that will be stored in a replicated directory.

CREATE TABLE log(requestline string) stored as textfile location 'fusion:///repl1/hive/log';. Note: Replicating table storage without sharing the Hive metadata will create a logical discrepancy in the Hive catalog. For example, consider a case where a table is defined on one cluster and replicated on the HCFS to another cluster. A Hive user on the other cluster would need to define the table locally in order to make use of it.

Don’t use namespace

Make sure you don’t use the namespace name e.g. use fusion:///user/hive/log, not fusion://nameserviceA/user/hive/log.

Replicated directories as store paths

It’s possible to configure Hive to use WANdisco Fusion URIs as output paths for storing data, to do this you must specify a Fusion URI when writing data back to the underlying Hadoop-compatible file system (HCFS). For example, consider writing data out from a table called log to a file stored in a replicated directory:

INSERT OVERWRITE DIRECTORY 'fusion:///repl1/hive-out.csv' SELECT * FROM log;

Replicated directories as load paths

In this section we’ll describe how to configure Hive to use fusion URIs as input paths for loading data.

It is not common to load data into a Hive table from a file using the fusion URI. When loading data into Hive from files the core-site.xml setting fs.defaultFS must also be set to fusion, which may not be desirable. It is much more common to load data from a local file using the LOCAL keyword:

LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/tmp/log.csv' INTO TABLE log;

If you do wish to use a fusion URI as a load path, you must change the fs.defaultFS setting to use WANdisco Fusion, as noted in a previous section. Then you may run:

LOAD DATA INPATH 'fusion:///repl1/log.csv' INTO TABLE log;

3.5.5. Impala

Prerequisites

Knowledge of Impala architecture.
Ability to modify Hadoop site configuration.
WANdisco Fusion installed and operating.

Known issue impacting Cloudera Data Platform 7

IMPALA-10120 is an Impala bug that prevents Beeline connections from working with CDP 7.x. One workaround is to use Impala Shell instead of Beeline.

Impala Parcel

Download the Impala parcel through the Fusion UI by clicking on Cluster Interaction under the Hadoop section of the sidebar. Under Download Impala Parcels, click on both the .parcel and SHA file links that correspond with your platform’s OS version.

Download the Fusion client parcel and SHA files, found under Download Client Parcels. The following steps will complete the installation:

Have cluster with CDH/CDP installed with parcels and Impala.
Copy the FUSION_IMPALA parcel and SHA into the local parcels repository, on the same node where Cloudera Manager Services is installed, this need not be the same location where the Cloudera Manager Server is installed. The default location is at: /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo, but is configurable. In Cloudera Manager, you can go to the Parcels Management Page → Edit Settings to find the Local Parcel Repository Path. See Parcel Locations.

FUSION_IMPALA should be available to distribute and activate on the Parcels Management Page, remember to click Check for New Parcels button.
Once installed, restart the cluster.
Impala reads on Fusion files should now be available.

Setting the CLASSPATH

In order for Impala to load the Fusion Client jars, the user needs to make a small configuration change in their Impala service, through Cloudera Manager. In Cloudera Manager, the user needs to add an environment variable in the section Impala Service Environment Advanced Configuration Snippet (Safety Valve).

AUX_CLASSPATH='colon-delimited list of all the Fusion client jars'

The following command gives an example of how to do this.

echo "AUX_CLASSPATH=$((for i in /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION/lib/*.jar; do echo -n "${i}:"; done) | sed 's/\:$//g')"

Figure 6. Classpath configuration - Impala

3.5.6. Spark1

It’s possible to deploy WANdisco Fusion with Apache’s high-speed data processing engine.

Fusion Spark Interoperability

Spark applications are run on a cluster as independent sets of processes, coordinated by the SparkContext object in the driver program. To run on a cluster, the SparkContext can connect to several types of cluster managers (either Spark’s own standalone cluster manager, Mesos or YARN), which allocate resources across applications. Once connected, Spark acquires executors on nodes in the cluster, which are processes that run computations and store data for your application. Next, it sends your application code (defined by JAR or Python files passed to SparkContext) to the executors. Finally, SparkContext sends tasks to the executors to run.

Figure 7. Spark operation

Spark and Fusion

WANdisco Fusion uses a replacement client library when overriding the hdfs:// scheme for access to the cluster file system in order to coordinate that access among multiple clusters. This replacement library is provided in a collection of jar files in the /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib directory for a standard installation. These jar files need to be available to any process that accesses the file system using the com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs implementation of the Apache Hadoop File System API.

Because Spark does not provide a configurable mechanism for making the Fusion classes available to the Spark history server, the Spark Executor or Spark Driver programs, WANdisco Fusion client library classes need to be made available in the existing Spark assembly jar that holds the classes used by these Spark components. This requires updating that assembly jar to incorporate the Fusion client library classes.

Updating the Spark Assembly JAR

This is one of a number of methods that may be employed to provide Fusion-Spark integration. We hope to cover some alternate methods at a later date.

Hortonworks HDP

First, make a backup of the original Spark assembly jar:

$ cp /usr/hdp/<version>/spark/lib/spark-assembly-<version>-hadoop<version>.jar /usr/hdp/<version>/spark/lib/spark-assembly-<version>-hadoop<version>.jar.original

Then follow this process to update the Spark assembly jar.

$ mkdir /tmp/spark_assembly
$ cd /tmp/spark_assembly
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/bcprov-jdk15on.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/fusion-adk-common.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/fusion-adk-netty.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/fusion-client-common.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/fusion-common.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/wd-guava.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/fusion-adk-client.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/fusion-adk-hadoop.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/fusion-adk-security.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/fusion-client-hdfs.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/fusion-messaging-core.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/wd-netty-all.jar
$ jar -xf /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/wd-protobuf-java.jar

jar -uf /usr/hdp/<version>/spark/lib/spark-assembly-<version>-hadoop<version>.jar com/** org/** META-INF/**

You now have both the original Spark assembly jar (with the extension “.original”) and a version with the Fusion client libraries available in it. The updated version needs to be made available on each node in the cluster in the /usr/hdp/<version>/spark/lib directory.
If you need to revert to the original Spark assembly jar, simply copy it back in place on each node in the cluster.

Cloudera CDH/CDP

The procedure for Cloudera CDH/CDP is much the same as the one for HDP, provided above. Note that path differences:

First, make a backup of the original Spark assembly jar:

$ cp /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-<version>.cdh<version>/jars/spark-assembly-<version>-cdh<version>-hadoop<version>-cdh<version>.jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-<version>.cdh<version>/jars/spark-assembly-<version>-cdh<version>-hadoop<version>-cdh<version>.jar.original

Then follow this process to update the Spark assembly jar.

$ mkdir /tmp/spark_assembly
$ cd /tmp/spark_assembly
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/bcprov-jdk15on-1.54.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/fusion-adk-common.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/fusion-adk-netty.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/fusion-client-common.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/fusion-common.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/wd-guava.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/fusion-adk-client.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/fusion-adk-hadoop.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/fusion-adk-security.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/fusion-client-hdfs.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/fusion-messaging-core.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/wd-netty-all.jar
jar -xf /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-version>-cdh<version>/lib/wd-protobuf-java.jar

jar -uf /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-<version>.cdh<version>/jars/spark-assembly-<version>-cdh<version>-hadoop<version>-cdh<version>.jar com/** org/** META-INF/**

You now have both the original Spark assembly jar (with the extension “.original”) and a version with the Fusion client libraries available in it. The updated version needs to be made available on each node in the cluster in the /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-5.9.1-1.cdh5.9.1.p0.4/jars/ directory.
If you need to revert to the original Spark assembly jar, simply copy it back in place on each node in the cluster.

Spark Assembly Upgrade

The following example covers how you may upgrade the Spark Assembly as part of a Fusion upgrade. This example uses CDH 5.11, although it can be applied generically:

# Create staging path for client and spark assembly
mkdir -p /tmp/spark_assembly/assembly
# Copy existing Spark assembly to work on
cp /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/jars/spark-assembly-*.jar /tmp/spark_assembly/assembly/
# Collect file list for purging, sanitise the list as follows
# * List jar files. Do not list symlinks
# * Exclude directory entries which end with a '/'
# * Sort the list
# * Ensure output is unique
# * Store in file
find /opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION/lib -name '*.jar' -type f -exec jar tf {} \; | grep -Ev '/$' | sort | uniq > /tmp/spark_assembly/old_client_classes.txt
# Purge assembly copy
xargs zip -d /tmp/spark_assembly/assembly/spark-assembly-*.jar < /tmp/spark_assembly/old_client_classes.txt

The resulting spark-assembly is now purged and requires one of two actions:

If WANdisco Fusion is being removed, distribute the new assembly to all hosts.
If Fusion is being upgraded, retain this jar for the moment and use it within the assembly packaging process for the new client.

3.5.7. KMS / TDE Encryption and Fusion

TDE (Transparent Data Encryption) is available to enhance their data security. TDE uses Hadoop KMS (Key Management Server) and is typically done using Ranger KMS (in Hortonworks / Ambari installs) or Navigator Key Trustee (Cloudera installs).

In simple terms, a security / encryption key or EEK (encrypted encryption key) is used to encrypt the HDFS data that is physical stored to disk. This encryption occurs within the HDFS client, before the data is transported to the datanode.

The key management server (KMS) centrally holds these EEKs in an encrypted format. ACL (access control lists) defines what users/groups are permitted to do with these keys. This includes creating keys, deleting keys, rolling over (re-encrypting the EEK, not changing the EEK itself), obtaining the EEK, listing the key or keys and so on.

Data encrypted in HDFS is split into encrypted zones. This is the act of defining a path (e.g. /data/warehouse/encrypted1) and specifying which EEK is used to to protect this zone (i.e. the key used to encrypt / decrypt the data). A zone is configured with a single key, but different zones can have different keys. Not all of HDFS needs to be encrypted, only the specific zones (and all sub-directories of that zone) an admin defines are.

A user then needs to be granted appropriate ACL access to a get (specifically the "Get Metadata" and "Decrypt EEK" permissions) the EEK needed, to read / write from the zone.

WANdisco Fusion runs as a HDFS user just like any other user. As such, Fusion will need permissions in order to read / write to an encrypted zone.

Fusion may want to write metadata (consistency check, make consistent and other meta operations), tokens or other items for administrative reasons which may fall under an encrypted zone. Depending on configuration and requirements, the make consistent operation itself will be writing data thus needs access.

Additionally, KMS provides its own Proxyuser implementation which is separate to the HDFS proxyusers. Although this works in the same, defining who is permitted to impersonate another user whilst working with EEKs.

To add complication. The "hdfs" user is typically blacklisted from performing the "Decrypt EEK" function by default. The fact "hdfs" is a superuser means they wield great power in the cluster. That does not mean they are superuser in KMS. As "hdfs" is commonly the default user of choice to use to fix things in HDFS (given the simple fact it overrides permissions), it seems wise to prevent such authority to access EEKs by default. Note: Cloudera also seems to blacklist the group "supergroup" which is the group defined as the superusergroup. That is, any users added to "supergroup" become superusers, however they then also automatically get blacklisted from being able to perform EEK operations.

Configuring Fusion

To configure Fusion for access to encrypted zones, two aspects need to be considered:

The local user that Fusion runs as in HDFS (after kerberos auth_to_local mapping) must be able to access and decrypt EEKs.
Although other users will be performing the requests themselves, the Fusion server will proxy that request. As such, a proxyuser within the KMS configs for the Fusion user must also be provided.

Step-by-step guide

The following items need to be considered within KMS configuration to ensure Fusion has access:

The kms-site configuration (such as Advanced kms-site in Ambari) contains its own auth_to_local type parameter called “hadoop.kms.authentication.kerberos.name.rules”

Ensure that any auth_to_local mapping used for the Fusion principal is also contained here. This can be most easily achieved via simple copy/paste from core-site.xml.

The kms-site configuration (such as Custom kms-site in Ambari) contains proxyuser parameters such as:

hadoop.kms.proxyuser.USERNAME.hosts
hadoop.kms.proxyuser.USERNAME.groups
hadoop.kms.proxyuser.USERNAME.users

Entries should be created for the local Fusion user (after auth_to_local translation) to allow Fusion to proxy/impersonate other users requests. This could be as simple as.

hadoop.kms.proxyuser.USERNAME.hosts=fusion.node1.hostname,fusion.node2.hostname
hadoop.kms.proxyuser.USERNAME.groups=*
hadoop.kms.proxyuser.USERNAME.users =*

In the dbks-site configuration, the parameter hadoop.kms.blacklist.DECRYPT_EEK exists. Ensure this does not contain the username that Fusion uses (after auth_to_local translation).

In the KMS ACLs, such as using Ranger KMS, ensure that the Fusion user (after auth_to_local translation) has "Get Metadata" and "Decrypt EEK" permissions to keys.

This could be granted access to all keys. This will avoid a need to review rules when new keys are added. However, Fusion will only need these permissions to keys that apply to zones that fall within a replicated path. Consideration is needed here based on the user that Fusion has been configured as - either "HDFS" will need access to EEKs, OR the fusion user will need access, OR the supergroup could be given access to EEKs (it is enabled by default on Ambari but disabled on CDH/CDP), and then make the Fusion user a member of the supergroup.

Defining replicated paths

Replicated paths must be defined at or below the root of the encrypted zone.

For example, if the encrypted path is /repl1/encrypted, the replicated path/DSM can be defined as e.g.:

/repl1/encrypted
/repl1/encrypted/subdir
/repl1/encrypted/subdir/subdir
But not /repl1

This is because Hadoop carries a fixed rule that restricts file and directory renames across encryption zone boundaries. See the Hadoop website for more information. Partial Fusion service will be possible if the path is incorrectly defined, however issues will occur for example during renames or adding user directories. Problems can occur if KMS is on one zone but not another, or if both have KMS, but the encrypted boundary exists in different places.

Troubleshooting

If you do not perform the correct configuration, both local operations (as performed by a client) and/or the replicated actions may fail when the Fusion client is invoked. This should only apply to replicated paths.

So to troubleshoot:

Perform the same command without Fusion (use the -D "fs.hdfs.impl=org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem" parameter if running basic HDFS CLI tests). If clients can read/write encrypted content without Fusion, this points to misconfiguration in the above.
Test with an encrypted but non-replicated directory through Fusion client. If this works, but the replicated directory does not, this suggests issues on the remote cluster.
Look in client side application/service logs for permissions issues. (This may be mapreduce, Hive, HBase Region Server logs etc). This may require debug logging being enabled temporarily.
Search for the path/file under investigation; you are looking for KMS ACL exceptions.

3.5.8. ACL Replication

The ACL replication feature enables replication of ACL changes between zones. By default, ACL changes are only executed on the local zone. In situations where you need ACL rules to be applied across zones, enable the feature by ticking the checkbox.

This is a zone setting, so is enabled for the whole zone on which you enable the option.
Regardless of the state of this setting, a HDFS client loading FusionHdfs will submit agreements for File ACL changes in HDFS (if it is on a replicated path and not-excluded).
While a local zone will always execute a locally generated ACL change, it will only be executed in other zones, if the ACL Replication checkbox is ticked.

To use ACL replication the following need to be set:

The checkbox Enable ACL replication on the ACL Replication - Settings panel needs to be checked (it is checked by default).
If using the fusion:// scheme, add the property fusion.acls.supported to the core-site.xml and set it to true.

3.6. Fusion Features

3.6.1. Data Compression

From Fusion 2.16.0 onwards, it is possible to enable data compression before transfer between zones.

Replicating large volumes of data requires considerable underlying network bandwidth, which is often the bottleneck to the rate of replication.

By enabling compression before transfer, overall throughput of data will increase but so will CPU utilization. This encoding and decoding of data is a compute-intensive task; therefore, compression can be seen to trade CPU utilisation for network throughput.

The effectiveness of data compression will vary depending on the types of data-sets under transfer. Generally, text-based files are easier to compress than binary, but some binary formats will still benefit from this feature.

Data compression is performed on the IHC Servers and Pipe servers, as these components are responsible for data transfer between zones. The data is then decompressed on the receiving Fusion Server(s).

See Configure data compression for Fusion and Configure data compression for Pipe servers for information on how to enable data compression.

3.6.2. Marker Files

From 2.12.1.8 onwards, applications can now use Fusion marker files to signal across clusters that files are available in full.

Hadoop does not provide a built-in mechanism for file or directory locking, so applications that require some means of signalling when a set of data has been written in full need to provide some application-specific mechanism for this. In a single Hadoop cluster, applications can use a marker file or directory to indicate to other applications when a particular, application-defined set of files have been completely written. i.e. Application X writes file1, file2, and file3, and only having done so in full creates a file marker. Other applications wait on the arrival of the marker file to determine that file1, file2, and file3 are available in full.

This works for a single cluster because an application performing those creates and writes will not create the marker file until it knows that the other files exist in full, including their content. It is a way of signaling through the file system that content is available.

In an environment where Fusion provides replication, the pattern does not hold across clusters because the marker file may be created before the content for each of the other files has been replicated. An application awaiting the marker file in a non-originating zone may still be able to open the other files for read, and not see their full content, whereas if it waited for the marker file in the originating cluster it would likely see the full content for those files.

The Fusion Markers feature extends the capabilities of Fusion to provide a special designation to a directory whose name ends in the text .fusion_marker. This is called a marker. When created, that directory will not be visible in a non-originating cluster until all content associated with files completed previously in the originating cluster (in or beneath the same directory in which the marker was created) have been replicated and made available in full to the non-originating cluster.

Applications can use this feature to achieve the same functionality that is present in a non-replicated Hadoop file system.

To implement the marker file functionality, files are added to the intended source directory as intended, after these files are all added, the marker file directory must be created to the source path, it must either be created directly to the source path or added to the source path, moving or copying a marker file directory will not work due to Fusion’s internal ordering logic. After the creation of the marker file directory, all other actions on the same path, after the creation of the marker file directory are held until the actions before the marker file directory creation are all finished, once they are finished, the marker file is created and all other actions are now performed.

4. Installation (On-premises)

This section will run through the installation of WANdisco Fusion from the initial steps where we make sure that your existing environment is compatible, through the procedure for installing the necessary components and then finally configuration.

4.1. Pre-requisites Checklist

The following prerequisites checklist applies to both the WANdisco Fusion server and for separate IHC servers.

During the installation, your system’s environment is checked to ensure that it will support WANdisco Fusion the environment checks are intended to catch basic compatibility issues, especially those that may appear during an early evaluation phase.

4.1.1. WANdisco Fusion components

This section describes the components in a WANdisco Fusion deployment.

Figure 8. WANdisco Fusion Components

WANdisco Fusion UI: A separate server that provides administrators with a browser-based management console for each WANdisco Fusion server. This is installed on the same machine as the WANdisco Fusion’s server.
WANdisco Fusion Server: The WANdisco Fusion Servers receive and coordinate Client requests between the Fusion Zones through the use of the distributed coordination engine (DConE). Incoming data is received by the Fusion Server and written to the local HCFS/HDFS. Multiple Fusion Servers can be deployed in a Zone/Cluster for High Availability purposes.
IHC Server: Inter Hadoop Communication servers handle the traffic that runs between zones or data centers that use different versions of Hadoop. IHC Servers are matched to the version of Hadoop running locally. It’s possible to deploy different numbers of IHC servers at each data center, additional IHC Servers can form part of a High Availability mechanism.

WANdisco Fusion servers don’t need to be collocated with IHC servers

If you deploy using the installer, both the WANdisco Fusion and IHC servers are installed into the same system by default. This configuration is made for convenience, but they can be installed on separate systems. This would be recommended if your servers don’t have the recommended amount of system memory.

WANdisco Fusion Client: Client jar files to be installed on each Hadoop client, such as mappers and reducers that are connected to the cluster. The client is designed to have a minimal memory footprint and impact on CPU utilization.

WANdisco Fusion must not be co-located with HDFS servers (DataNodes, etc)

HDFS’s default block placement policy dictates that if a client is collocated on a DataNode, then that collocated DataNode will receive 1 block of whatever file is being put into HDFS from that client. This means that if the WANdisco Fusion Server (where all transfers go through) is collocated on a DataNode, then all incoming transfers will place 1 block onto that DataNode. In which case the DataNode is likely to consume lots of disk space in a transfer-heavy cluster, potentially forcing the WANdisco Fusion Server to shut down in order to keep the Prevaylers from getting corrupted.

4.1.2. Memory and storage

You deploy WANdisco Fusion/IHC server nodes in proportion to the data traffic between clusters; the more data traffic you need to handle, the more resources you need to put into the WANdisco Fusion server software.

If you plan to locate both the WANdisco Fusion and IHC servers on the same machine then check the collocated Server requirements:

CPUs: Minimum for server deployment: 8 cores
Architecture: 64-bit only.

System memory

There are no special memory requirements, except for the need to support a high throughput of data:
Type: Use ECC RAM
Size: Minimum for WANdisco Fusion server deployment: 48 GB

WANdisco Fusion is tested using 16 GB of HEAP, which is a good starting point for a deployment.
System memory requirements are matched to the expected cluster size and should take into account the number of files.
The more RAM you have, the bigger the supported file system.

Collocation of WANdisco Fusion/IHC servers

16GB of this memory requirement is allocated to the IHC server which is nearly always installed on the WANdisco Fusion server.

Recommended WANdisco Fusion server deployment: 16 GB or more

Storage space: Type: Hadoop operations are storage-heavy and disk-intensive so we strongly recommend that you use enterprise-class Solid State Drives (SSDs).
Size: Recommended: 1 TiB
Minimum: You need at least 250 GiB of disk space for a production environment.

Network Connectivity: Minimum 1Gb Ethernet between local nodes.
WANdisco Fusion has no minimum requirement on network throughput, other than it is sized sufficiently for the expected data volumes.

4.1.3. TCP Port Allocation

Before beginning installation you must have sufficient ports reserved. Below are the default, and recommended, ports.

Fusion port: 6444
Fusion port handles all coordination traffic that manages replication. It needs to be open between all WANdisco Fusion nodes. Nodes that are situated in zones that are external to the data center’s network will require unidirectional access through the firewall.

Fusion HTTP Server Port: 8082
The HTTP Server Port or Application/REST API is used by the WANdisco Fusion application for configuration and reporting, both internally and via REST API. The port needs to be open between all WANdisco Fusion nodes and any systems or scripts that interface with WANdisco Fusion through the REST API.

Fusion HTTPS Server Port: 8084
If SSL is enabled, this port is used for application for configuration and reporting, both internally and via REST API. The port needs to be open between all WANdisco Fusion nodes and any systems or scripts that interface with WANdisco Fusion through the REST API.

Fusion Request port: 8023
Port used by WANdisco Fusion server to communicate with HCFS/HDFS clients. The port is generally only open to the local WANdisco Fusion server, however you must make sure that it is open to edge nodes.

Fusion Server listening port: 8024
Port used by WANdisco Fusion server to listen for connections from remote IHC servers. It is only used in unidirectional mode, but it’s always opened for listening. Remote IHCs connect to this port if the connection can’t be made in the other direction because of a firewall. The SSL configuration for this port is controlled by the same ihc.ssl.enabled property that is used for IHC connections performed from the other side. See Enable SSL for WANdisco Fusion.

IHC ports: 7000-range or 9000-range
7000 range, (the exact port is determined at installation time based on what ports are available), it is used for data transfer between Fusion Server and IHC servers. It must be accessible from all WANdisco Fusion nodes in the replicated system.
9000 range, (the exact port is determined at installation time based on available ports), it is used for an HTTP Server that exposes JMX metrics from the IHC server.

HTTP UI port: 8083
Used to access the WANdisco Fusion UI by end users (requires authentication), it’s also used for inter-UI communication. This port should be accessible from all Fusion servers in the replicated system as well as visible to any part of the network where administrators require UI access.

HTTPS UI port: 8443
If SSL is enabled, this port is used to access the WANdisco Fusion UI by end users (requires authentication), it’s also used for inter-UI communication. This port should be accessible from all Fusion servers in the replicated system as well as visible to any part of the network where administrators require UI access.

Figure 9. Network diagram illustrating basic connections/port arrangement

4.1.4. Software requirements

Operating systems:

Amazon Linux 2
CentOS 6 x86_64
CentOS 7 x86_64
Oracle Linux 6 x86_64
Oracle Linux 7 x86_64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 6 x86_64
RHEL 7 x86_64
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 11 x86_64
SLES 12 x86_64
Ubuntu 14.04LTS
Ubuntu 16.04LTS
Ubuntu 18.04LTS

We only support AMD64/Intel64 64-Bit (x86_64) architecture.

Web browsers

We develop and test using the following browsers:

Chrome 45 and later
Edge 12 and later
Firefox 40 and later
Safari 9 and later

Other browsers and older versions may be used but bugs may be encountered.

Java

Java JRE 1.8.
Testing and development are done using a minimum of Java JRE 1.8. There is also support for Open JDK 8, which is used in cloud deployments. For other types of deployment we recommend running with Oracle’s Java as it has undergone more testing.

Architecture: 64-bit only
Where’s Java?: Although WANdisco Fusion only requires the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), Cloudera and Hortonworks may install the full Oracle JDK with the high strength encryption package included. This JCE package is a requirement for running Kerberized clusters.
For good measure, remove any older JDK that might be present in /usr/java. Make sure that /usr/java/default and /usr/java/latest point to an instance of java 8 version, your Hadoop manager should install this.

Ensure that you set the JAVA_HOME environment variable for the root user on all nodes. Remember that, on some systems, invoking sudo strips environmental variables, so you may need to add the JAVA_HOME to Sudo’s list of preserved variables.

File descriptor/Maximum number of processes limit

Maximum User Processes and Open Files limits are low by default on some systems. It is possible to check their value with the ulimit or limit command:

ulimit -u && ulimit -n

-u The maximum number of processes available to a single user.
-n The maximum number of open file descriptors.

For optimal performance, we recommend both hard and soft limits values to be set to 64000 or more.

A system wide configuration file explicitly overrides the settings in security.conf, i.e.:

      # Default limit for number of user's processes to prevent
      # accidental fork bombs.
      # See rhbz #432903 for reasoning.
      * soft nproc 1024 <- Increase this limit or ulimit -u will be reset to 1024

The file is version dependent:
RHEL 5, RHEL 6 - /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf
RHEL 7 - /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf

Ambari and Cloudera manager will set various ulimit entries, you must ensure hard and soft limits are set to 64000 or higher. Check with the ulimit or limit command. If the limit is exceeded the JVM will throw an error: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: unable to create new native thread.

Additional requirements

iptables
Use the following procedure to temporarily disable iptables, during installation:

RHEL 6

Turn off with
```
$ sudo chkconfig iptables off
```
Reboot the system.
On completing installation, re-enable with
```
$ sudo chkconfig iptables on
```

RHEL 7

Turn off with
```
$ sudo systemctl disable firewalld
```
Reboot the system.
On completing installation, re-enable with
```
$ sudo systemctl enable firewalld
```

Comment out requiretty in /etc/sudoers
The installer’s use of sudo won’t work with some linux distributions (CentOS where /etc/sudoer sets enables requiretty, where sudo can only be invoked from a logged in terminal session, not through cron or a bash script. When enabled the installer will fail with an error:

execution refused with "sorry, you must have a tty to run sudo" message
Ensure that requiretty is commented out:
# Defaults	requiretty

SSL encryption

Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption can be used to secure Fusion traffic along a number of different network paths. These are:

Replication traffic between Fusion Servers and Fusion IHC Servers (i.e. between Zones).
Communication between Web Browser and Fusion UI (HTTPS).
Client to Fusion Server encryption.

See the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption section for details.

4.1.5. Supported versions

Please see the release notes for your specific WANdisco Fusion version for the supported Hadoop distributions and versions.

4.1.6. Supported plugins

WANdisco Fusion works with WANdisco’s family of plugins which can be found in the Fusion Plugin Compatibility Table.

4.1.7. Supported applications

Supported Big Data applications may be noted here, as we complete testing:

Application:

Version Supported:

Tested with:

Syncsort DMX-h:

8.2.4.

See the Knowledge base

4.2. Deployment planning

4.2.1. Licensing

WANdisco Fusion includes a licensing model that can limit operation based on time, the number of nodes and the volume of data under replication. WANdisco generates a license file matched to your agreed usage model. You need to renew your license if you exceeds these limits or if your license period ends. See License renewals.

License Limits

When your license limits are exceeded, WANdisco Fusion will operate in a limited manner, but allows you to apply a new license to bring the system back to full operation. Once a license is no longer valid:

Write operations to replicated locations are blocked
Warnings and notifications related to the license expiry are delivered to the administrator
Replication of data will no longer occur
Consistency checks and make consistent operations are not allowed
Operations for adding replication rules will be denied

Each different type of license has different limits.

Evaluation license

To simplify the process of pre-deployment testing, WANdisco Fusion is supplied with an evaluation license (also known as a trial license). This license has a limit of 1TB replicated data and a time limit of 1 month.

Production license

Customers entering production need a production license file for each node. These license files are tied to the node’s IP address. In the event that a node needs to be moved to a new server with a different IP address customers should contact WANdisco’s support team and request that a new license be generated. Production licenses can be set to expire or they can be perpetual.

Time limit

No. fusion servers

No. of Zones

Replicated Data

Plugins

Specified IPs

variable (default: 1 year)

variable (default: 20)

variable (default: 10)

variable (default: 20TB)

Yes

Unlimited license

For large deployments, Unlimited licenses are available, for which there are no usage limits.

4.2.2. Final Preparations

We’ll now look at what you should know and do as you begin the installation.

Time requirements

The time required to complete a deployment of WANdisco Fusion will in part be based on its size, larger deployments with more nodes and more complex replication rules will take correspondingly more time to set up. Use the guide below to help you plan for deployments.

Run through this document and create a checklist of your requirements. (1-2 hours).
Complete the WANdisco Fusion installation (about 20 minutes per node, or 1 hour for a test deployment).
Complete client installations and complete basic tests (1-2 hours).

Of course, this is a guideline to help you plan your deployment. You should think ahead and determine if there are additional steps or requirements introduced by your organization’s specific needs.

Network requirements

See the Pre-requisites Checklist - TCP Port Allocation for a list of the TCP ports that need to be open for WANdisco Fusion.
WANdisco Fusion does not require that reverse DNS is set up but it is vital that all nodes can be resolved from all zones.

4.2.3. Security

Requirements for Kerberos

If you are running Kerberos on your cluster you should consider the following requirements:

Kerberos is already installed and running on your cluster
Fusion-Server is configured for Kerberos as described in the Kerberos section.
Kerberos Configuration before starting the installation.

For information about running Fusion with Kerberos, read this guide’s chapter on Kerberos.

Warning about mixed Kerberized / Non-Kerberized zones

In deployments that mix kerberized and non-kerberized zones it’s possible that permission errors will occur because the different zones don’t share the same underlying system superusers. In this scenario you would need to ensure that the superuser for each zone is created on the other zones.

For example, if you connect a Zone that runs CDH/CDP, which has superuser 'hdfs' with a zone running MapR, which has superuser 'mapr', you would need to create the user 'hdfs' on the MapR zone and 'mapr' on the CDH/CDP zone.

Manual Kerberos configuration

See the Knowledge base for instructions on setting up manual Kerberos settings. You only need these in special cases as the steps have been handled by the installer. See Manual Updates for WANdisco Fusion UI Configuration.

Instructions on setting up auth-to-local permissions, mapping a Kerberos principal onto a local system user. See the Knowledge base article - Setting up Auth-to-local.

4.2.4. Clean Environment

Before you start the installation you must ensure that there are no existing WANdisco Fusion installations or WANdisco Fusion components installed on your elected machines. If you are about to upgrade to a new version of WANdisco Fusion you must first see the Uninstall chapter.

Ensure HADOOP_HOME is set in the environment

Where the hadoop command isn’t in the standard system path, administrators must ensure that the HADOOP_HOME environment variable is set for the root user and the user WANdisco Fusion will run as, typically hdfs. When set, HADOOP_HOME must be the parent of the bin directory into which the Hadoop scripts are installed. Example: if the hadoop command is:

/opt/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.4.0/bin/hadoop

then HADOOP_HOME must be set to

/opt/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.4.0/.

4.2.5. Installer File

You need to match the WANdisco Fusion installer file to each data center’s version of Hadoop. Installing the wrong version of WANdisco Fusion will result in the IHC servers being misconfigured.

Why installation requires root user

Fusion core and Fusion UI packages are installed using root permissions, using the RPM tool (or equivalent for .deb packages). RPM requires root to run - hence the need for the permissions. The main requirement for running with root is the need for the installer to create the directory structure for WANdisco Fusion components, e.g.

application/operation = /opt/wandisco/
configuration = /etc/wandisco/
logging = /var/log/fusion/
running = /var/run/fusion/

Once all files are put into place, the permission and ownership is set the specific fusion user. After the installation of the artifacts, root is not used and the Fusion processes themselves are run as a specific Fusion user (default is "hdfs").

List the included files in the installer package by running the above list command, e.g.

  ./fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh --list

This will generate a list of included package files.

MapR availability

The MapR versions of Hadoop have been removed from the trial version of WANdisco Fusion in order to reduce the size of the installer for most prospective customers. These versions are run by a small minority of customers, while their presence nearly doubled the size of the installer package. Contact WANdisco if you need to evaluate WANdisco Fusion for MapR.

4.2.6. License File

After completing an evaluation deployment, you will need to contact WANdisco about getting a license file for moving your deployment into production.

4.3. Installation of WANdisco Fusion

The installation section covers all the steps in getting WANdisco Fusion deployed into your clusters and/or cloud infrastructure.

4.3.1. Installation Steps

These steps apply to both Cloudera and Ambari platforms, differences between platforms are highlighted during the procedure.

Changes to installation journey with Fusion 2.14

As of 2.14, the installation of the Fusion Client and changes to the cluster core-site are now performed after the installation journey. This allows the user to choose when to deploy the Fusion configuration into their Cluster. Due to this change, it is possible to install and induct all Fusion nodes in a Zone/Cluster before deploying the Cluster configuration.

There is an alternative option for installing Fusion, this is detailed in the Silent Installation section whereby installation and configuration can be completed programmatically.

Installation via sudo-restricted non-root user

In some deployments, it may not be permitted to complete the installation using a root user. It should be possible to complete an installation with a limited set of sudo commands.

On the Fusion server, the user will need to be able to run the following command:

sudo /path/to/fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.sh

From then on, the UI installer runs as the user-specified user.

Note that on the management server for a cluster (i.e. Ambari Server, Cloudera Manager), the user will need to perform privileged commands.

Examples

sudo tar -xf <fusion-stack>.tar.gz

sudo ambari-server restart

sudo chown cloudera-scm:cloudera-scm <FUSION-version>-<cdh-version>.parcel

Also, potentially sudo cp if the stack/parcel cannot be directly downloaded to the correct directory.

Initial installation via the terminal

Use the following steps to complete the initial installation on the command line interface (CLI) using the Fusion installer file. The administrator will need to enter some configuration details when prompted, these will be outlined below. Once the initial settings are entered through the terminal session, the installation is then completed via a web browser.

The screenshots shown in this section are from an Ambari/Hortonworks installation on CentOS 7 so there may be slight differences compared with your environment (e.g. the platform selection list).

Please note the following assumptions before beginning:

The Fusion installation file for your platform has been downloaded from the customer.wandisco.com site and is present on your designated installation server.
Root user is being used during the terminal session. See the tip in the previous section if another user is required (Installation via sudo-restricted non-root user).

Open a terminal session on your first installation server.

Navigate to the installation file and make it executable.

chmod u+x fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.sh

Execute the file.

./fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh

The installer will now start.

Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing WANdisco Fusion..............................

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    ::   ::  ::     #     #   ## # #    # ######   #   #####   #####   #####

Welcome to the WANdisco Fusion installation

You are about to install WANdisco Fusion version 2.15

Do you want to continue with the installation? (Y/n)

The installer will perform an integrity check, confirm the product version that will be installed, then invite you to continue. Enter Y (or just Enter) to continue the installation.

The installer checks that both Perl and Java are installed on the system.
```
Checking prerequisites:

Checking for perl: OK
Checking for java: OK
```
See the Pre-requisites Checklist - Java section for more information about these requirements.
Select the platform version and type from the list of supported platforms. The example given below is from a Hortonworks installation (a Cloudera installation would list CDH/CDP versions to choose from).
```
Please specify the appropriate platform from the list below:

[0] hdp-2.5.x
[1] hdp-2.6.0/hdp-2.6.1
[2] hdp-2.6.2
[3] hdp-2.6.3
[4] hdp-2.6.4
[5] hdp-2.6.5
[6] hdp-3.0.0
[7] hdp-3.1.0

Which WANdisco Fusion platform do you wish to use?
```
Please ensure you select the correct version for your platform, as common functionality may be impeded without the correct underlying packages.
Note that unless multiple point release versions are listed, or an exception is highlighted in release notes, all point releases are supported. In the example above, use [6] hdp-3.0.0 for all HDP 3.0.x versions.

Next, set the system user for running the Fusion application.

We strongly advise against running WANdisco Fusion as the root user.

For default HDFS setups, the user should be set to 'hdfs'. However, you should choose a user appropriate for running HDFS commands on your system.

Which user should WANdisco Fusion run as? [hdfs]
Checking 'hdfs' ...
 ... 'hdfs' found.

The installer does a search for the commonly used account, displaying this as the default option, e.g. [hdfs].

MapR requirements - Superuser

If you install into a MapR cluster then you need to assign the MapR superuser system account/group mapr. This is required if you need to run WANdisco Fusion using the fusion:/// URI.

See the requirements for MapR impersonation for further details.

Check the summary to confirm that your chosen settings are appropriate:

Installing with the following settings:

Installation Prefix:                /opt/wandisco
User and Group:                     hdfs:hadoop
Hostname:                           <fusion.hostname>
WANdisco Fusion Admin UI Listening on:    0.0.0.0:8083
WANdisco Fusion Admin UI Minimum Memory:  128
WANdisco Fusion Admin UI Maximum memory:  512
Platform:                           <selected platform and version>

Do you want to continue with the installation? (Y/n)

If these settings are correct then enter "Y" (or just Enter) to complete the installation of the Fusion server.

The Fusion packages will now be installed.

Installing <your selected packages> server packages:
  <your selected server package> ... Done
  <your selected ihc-server package> ... Done
Installing plugin packages:
  <any selected plugin packages> ... Done
Installing fusion-ui-server package:
  <your selected ui-server package> ... Done

Starting fusion-ui-server:                                 [  OK  ]
Checking if the GUI is listening on port 8083: .......Done

The WANdisco Fusion server will now start up:

Please visit <fusion.hostname> to complete installation of WANdisco Fusion

If <fusion.hostname> is internal or not available from your browser, replace this with an externally available address to access it.

At this point, the WANdisco Fusion server and corresponding IHC server will have been installed. The next step is to configure Fusion through a web browser.

Using Isilon and HDFS

If you have both Isilon and HDFS installed on your cluster, the default replicated filesystem is Isilon. To override this, add the following properties to the ui.properties file:

fusion.hcfs.service.type.override={defaults to false if not in ui.properties}
fusion.hcfs.service.type.override.value={defaults to HCFS if not in ui.properties}

For example, if you want Fusion to replicate HDFS on a cluster which also has Isilon, set:
fusion.hcfs.service.type.override=true

Once the properties are set, restart the Fusion UI service.

service fusion-ui-server restart

Browser-based configuration of WANdisco Fusion

Follow this section to complete the installation by configuring WANdisco Fusion via the user interface on a web browser.

Silent Installation

For large deployments it may be worth considering the Silent Installation option.

To start this process, open a web browser and point it at the URL provided in the last step of the Initial installation via the terminal section.

On the first Welcome screen you’re asked to choose between creating a New Zone or Add to an existing Zone.

Figure 10. Welcome

The desired selection will depend on whether this is the first installation in the Zone or not.

New Zone - Select this option if this is the first server to be installed with Fusion in the Hadoop cluster.

Add to an existing Zone - Select this option if this is not the first server to be installed in the Hadoop cluster. After selecting this option, you will need to enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name of the first Fusion server in the Zone, as well as the Fusion UI port (default 8083).

When adding to an existing Zone, many of the options will be automatically filled in, as information is pulled from the existing Fusion server in the Zone.

High Availability for WANdisco Fusion

It’s possible to enable High Availability in your WANdisco Fusion Zone by adding additional WANdisco Fusion nodes to a Zone. These additional nodes ensure that in the event of a system outage, there will be sufficient nodes still available to maintain replication. Use the Add to an existing Zone option on the additional nodes for a Zone to achieve this.
Run the environmental validation checks by selecting Validate.

Figure 11. Environment

The page provides high level guidance on what is being validated, for further details on the required pre-requisites, see the Pre-requisites Checklist.

After clicking Validate, the installer will run through a series of checks of your server’s hardware and software setup and warn you if any of WANdisco Fusion’s pre-requisites are missing.

Figure 12. Validation results

Any element that fails the check should be addressed before you continue the installation.

Warnings may be ignored for the purposes of completing the installation, especially if only for evaluation purposes and not for production. However, when installing for production, you should address all warnings, or at least take note of them and exercise due care if you continue the installation without resolving and revalidating.

Enter settings for the Fusion Server and IHC components.

Figure 13. Fusion Server settings

WANdisco Fusion Server

Fully Qualified Domain Name / IP: The full hostname for the server.
We have detected the following hostname/IP addresses for this machine.: The installer will try to detect the server’s hostname from its network settings. Additional hostnames will be listed on the drop-down selector.

Fusion Port

TCP port used by Fusion for replicated traffic (default 6444). Validation will check that the port is free and that it can be bound to.

Maximum Java heap size (GB)

Enter the maximum Java Heap value for the Fusion server. The minimum for production is 16GB but 64GB is recommended.

Advanced options (optional)

Only apply these options if you fully understand what they do.

The following advanced options provide a number of low level configuration settings that may be required for installation into certain environments. The incorrect application of some of these settings could cause serious problems, so for this reason we strongly recommend that you discuss their use with WANdisco’s support team before enabling them.

Custom Fusion Request Port

You can provide a custom TCP port for the Fusion Request Port (also known as Fusion Client port). The default value is 8023. The Fusion Server will use this port to listen to incoming requests from Fusion Clients.

Strict Recovery

Two advanced options are provided to change the way that the Fusion server responds to a system shutdown whereby the Fusion server was not shutdown cleanly. The default setting is to not enforce a panic event in the logs, when detecting an unsafe shutdown. This is suitable for using the product as part of an evaluation effort. However, when operating in a production environment, you may prefer to enforce the panic event which will stop any attempted restarts to prevent possible corruption to the database.

DConE panic if db is dirty

This option lets you enable the strict recovery option for WANdisco’s replication engine, to ensure that any corruption to its prevayler database doesn’t lead to further problems. When the checkbox is ticked, Fusion will log a panic message whenever Fusion is not properly shutdown, either due to a system or application problem.
App panic if db is dirty

This option lets you enable the strict recovery option for Fusion’s database, to ensure that any corruption to its internal database doesn’t lead to further problems. When the checkbox is ticked, Fusion will log a panic message whenever Fusion is not properly shutdown, either due to a system or application problem.

Push Threshold

Set threshold manually

When checked, the option to set the Blocksize in Bytes will appear. This is the number of bytes that a Client will write before indicating they are available to transfer. This can always be adjusted post-installation, see Set push threshold manually panel under the Fusion Server section of the Settings tab.

Chunk Size in Bytes

The size of the 'chunks' used in file transfer between Zones.

IHC Server
Enter the settings for the IHC Server.

Figure 14. IHC Server details

Maximum Java heap size (GB)

Enter the Maximum Java Heap value for the Inter-Hadoop Communication (IHC) server. The minimum for production is 16GB.

IHC network interface

The hostname for the IHC server.

We have detected the following hostname/IP addresses for this machine.

The installer will try to detect the server’s hostname from its network settings. Additional hostnames will be listed on the drop-down selector.

Don’t use Default route (0.0.0.0) for this address

Use the actual hostname for an interface that is accessible from the other clusters/zones. Default route is already used by the WANdisco Fusion server on the other side to pick up a proper address for the IHC server at the remote end.

Advanced Options (optional)

IHC server binding address: In the advanced settings you can decide which address the IHC server will bind to. The address is optional, by default the IHC server binds to all interfaces (0.0.0.0), using the port specified in the ihc.server field.

Enter the settings for the new Zone.

Figure 15. Zone information

Zone Details

Zone Name: The name used to identify the Zone in which the server operates. Must be unique to other Zones.

URI Selection

The default behavior for WANdisco Fusion is to fix all replication to the Hadoop Distributed File System / (or hdfs:/// URI). Setting the HDFS scheme provides the widest support for Hadoop client applications, since some applications cannot support the available fusion:/// URI. Each option is explained below:

Figure 16. URI Selection options

MapR requirements - URI selection

MapR needs to use WANdisco Fusion’s native fusion:/// URI, instead of the default hdfs:/// URI.

Ensure that, during installation, you select the Use Fusion URI with HCFS option.

Namenode Proxy with HDFS

The NameNode Proxy with HDFS option provides an alternative to the Fusion Client to replicate HDFS client calls.

HDFS URI with HDFS

This option is available for deployments where the Hadoop applications support neither the Fusion URI nor the HCFS standards. Fusion operates entirely within the standard HDFS URI scheme.

This configuration will not allow paths with the fusion:/// uri to be used; only paths starting with / (or hdfs:///). The underlying file system will be an instance of the HDFS DistributedFileSystem, which will support applications that are not written to the HCFS specification.

Fusion URI with HCFS

When selected, you need to use fusion:/// for all data that must be replicated over an instance of the Hadoop Compatible File System.

If your deployment includes Hadoop applications that are either unable to support the Fusion URI or are not written to the HCFS specification, this option will not work.

Platforms that must be run with Fusion URI with HCFS:
Azure
LocalFS
UnmanagedBigInsights
UnmanagedSwift
UnmanagedGoogle
UnmanagedS3
UnmanagedEMR
MapR

Platforms that must be run with Fusion URI with HCFS:

Azure

LocalFS

UnmanagedBigInsights

UnmanagedSwift

UnmanagedGoogle

UnmanagedS3

UnmanagedEMR

MapR

Fusion URI with HDFS

This differs from the default in that while the Fusion URI is used to identify data to be replicated, the replication is performed using HDFS itself. This option should be used if you are deploying applications that can support the WANdisco Fusion URI but not the Hadoop Compatible File System.

Fusion URI and HDFS URIs with HDFS

This "mixed mode" supports all the replication schemes (fusion:///, hdfs:/// and no scheme) and uses HDFS for the underlying file system, to support applications that aren’t written to the HCFS specification.

Advanced Options

Only apply these options if you fully understand what they do.

The following Advanced Options provide a number of low level configuration settings that may be required for installation into certain environments. The incorrect application of some of these settings could cause serious problems, so for this reason we strongly recommend that you discuss their use with WANdisco’s support team before enabling them.

Figure 17. Node - Advanced options

HTTP UI Host: To change the host the UI binds to, enter your UI host or select it from the drop down below.
HTTP UI External Host: The address external processes should use to connect to the UI on. This is the address used by, for example, the Jump to node button on the Fusion UI Nodes tab. Depending on your system configuration, this may be different to the internal address used when accessing the node via a web browser.

UI TrustStore Options

The next section deals with your installation’s Fusion UI TrustStore settings. Select the appropriate radio button option, then click Update and Validate or Update (if you select Disable TrustStore).

Use JVM TrustStore: Select Use JVM TrustStore to install with the default JVM TrustStore, e.g. $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security/cacerts.

Figure 18. TrustStore Options - JVM
Use Custom Trust Store: Select Use Custom Trust Store to install with your own TrustStore.

Figure 19. TrustStore Options - Custom
Disable Trust Store: Select Disable Trust Store to continue without setting up a TrustStore.

Figure 20. TrustStore Options - Disable
Stop WANdisco Fusion UI Server if unable to load the Trust Store: Tick the checkbox if you want the Fusion UI Server to halt if it doesn’t find the TrustStore.
Validation: The installer will validate your TrustStore selection. The truststore.ks file is checked for READ access and the password is checked. If validation fails, ensure that your TrustStore details are correct and then retry the step.

During installation you must provide credentials for a Fusion Administrator account.

Fusion Administrator Configuration

This account will function as a user with all available Fusion privileges. This is in contrast to other user roles that are now available if you deploy using an authentication/authorization mechanism, such as LDAP/Active Directory. See Authorization and authentication for further details about this.

Figure 21. Security - Fusion Administrator

Username

The username for the controlling Fusion Administrator account that will be used to access all areas of the WANdisco Fusion UI.

User Password

The installer automatically generates a well formed (random) password that you use, or you may use the Generate new password feature.

Should you ever need to reset the Fusion Administrator password, see Generate a new password

Once you have completed the installation, the Fusion Administrator details can be accessed under the Security section of the Settings Screen (link to section).

Figure 22. Fusion Administrator settings

Use this screen to update the User Name or associated Password.
Installation is now complete.

Start WANdisco Fusion

Click Start WANdisco Fusion to continue. This will start up the Fusion services on the local node.

Figure 23. Startup

Once complete, proceed to the Initial configuration section to set up Fusion for your environment.

These steps will need to be repeated for each Fusion node installation, but cluster manager details must be configured for the first Fusion node in a zone. This will allow the Add to an existing Zone step to complete successfully.

4.4. LocalFileSystem Installation

The following section covers the installation and setup of WANdisco Fusion deployed over the LocalFileSystem.

4.4.1. Installer-based LocalFileSystem Deployment

The installation requires an administrator to enter details throughout the procedure. Once the initial settings are entered through the terminal session, the deployment to the LocalFileSystem is then completed through a browser.

The procedure to install for LocalFileSystem (LFS) is very similar to the standard installation outlined in the On-premises installation guide. Follow these steps having read the differences highlighted below.

Make sure that you use an LFS specific installer, for example fusion-ui-server-localfs_rpm_installer.sh.
During the terminal session of the installer, there is an optional option to choose whether to install the Fusion Client on the current node.
On step 6 of the UI installer, there is an optional tickbox for entering Kerberos details if it is a requirement for file system access.
On step 6 of the UI installer, the Username and Password for the Fusion UI is defined manually.

Additional property required for LocalFileSystem installations

When deploying a LocalFileSystem installation, there is an additional property that will need to be set after the installation is complete.

On the Fusion node(s) installed for LocalFileSystem, add an additional property to the core-site.xml file that exists in two locations:

/etc/wandisco/fusion/server/core-site.xml
/etc/wandisco/fusion/ihc/server/localfs-2.7.0/core-site.xml
Add the following entry to the file(s) and save them afterwards:

<property><name>fusion.check.ownerAndGroup</name><value>false</value></property>

Ensure that the entry above is entered after the <configuration> and before the </configuration> in the same format as other properties.

Restart the Fusion services on the node(s) once the additional entries have been added.

service fusion-ihc-server-localfs_2_7_0 restart
service fusion-server restart
service fusion-ui-server restart

LocalFileSystem installations do not set this property at install and the outcome is that Consistency Checks return results that have different usernames / groups, but Fusion cannot resolve them. This property allows Fusion to ignore user/group and perform other checks such as object presence, type and size.

LocalFileSystem files do have usernames, but as Fusion runs as a single user, all replicated objects will be owned by this user and not individual users like in HDFS.

4.4.2. Notes on user settings

When using LocalFileSystem, you can only support a single user. This means when you configure the WANdisco Fusion Server’s process owner, that process owner should also be the process owner of the IHC server, the Fusion UI server, and the client user that will be used to perform any puts.

Fusion under LocalFileSystem only supports 1 user

Again, Fusion under LocalFileSystem only supports 1 user (on THAT side; you don’t have to worry about the other DCs). To assist administrators the LocalFS RPM comes with Fusion and Hadoop shell, so that it is possible to run suitable commands from either. E.g.

hadoop fs -ls /
fusion fs -ls /

Using the shell is required for replication.

4.5. Silent Installation

The silent installation mode allows you to deploy and configure WANdisco Fusion via the CLI. It has two levels:

Unattended installation: This only handles the CLI part of a non-silent installation, the configuration steps are via the UI.
Fully Automated installation: This also includes the steps to handle the configuration without the need for user interaction.

Manual Fusion Client/NameNode Proxy deployment required

The silent installer does not automatically handle the deployment of the Fusion Client or NameNode Proxy stacks/parcels, and these may be required as part of your installation (i.e. for Cloudera and Hortonworks clusters).

Stacks/Parcels must be in place before the silent installer is run, this includes restarting and checking on their respective managers. Failure to do so will leave the HDFS cluster in a state without the required packages. This can be fixed by reverting service configs if necessary.

See the Extract Fusion Client packages section for details on how to obtain and install the client stacks/parcels.

The Silent Installation with NameNode Proxy section will detail steps to obtain and install the NameNode Proxy packages.

4.5.1. Silent Installer Files

Installer templates are required to prepare your Fusion deployment, these contain the same information that you would enter during a non-silent installation.

To obtain the installer templates, you have two options:

Extract them from the Fusion installation script (ensure it is executable before running this command):
```
./fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh --tar xOf ./rpm/fusion-ui-server*rpm | rpm2cpio | cpio -idv ./opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/silent_installer_properties/*
```
The installer templates will be extracted within your working directory in the following sub-directory:
opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/silent_installer_properties/
Run through the Unattended Installation steps (specify the variables in the command), after which the installer templates will be located in the /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/silent_installer_properties/ directory. You can then extract the required files and clean up the packages and directories that will have been deployed, for example:
```
yum remove -y fusion-hcfs-*-ihc-server.noarch fusion-hcfs-*-server.noarch fusion-nn-plugin-*.noarch fusion-ui-server.noarch

rm -rf /opt/wandisco/fusion /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server /var/log/fusion /etc/wandisco /var/run/fusion
```

For every Fusion distribution, there is both an *.env.sh and a *.properties file. For installing into Alibaba Cloud, use the S3 silent installation files. The file name is platform dependent:

ADLS Gen1: adls_silent_installer.*
Amazon EMR: emr_silent_installer.*
Azure Blob Storage (WASB): azure_silent_installer.*
S3: s3_silent_installer.*
Ambari, Cloudera, MapR, Local Filesystem: silent_installer.*
Google Cloud Storage (GCS): google_silent_installer.*
Swift Storage: swift_silent_installer.*

The *.env.sh file sets the environment variables needed to complete the CLI steps of an installation, although these steps can also be specified in the CLI itself.

The parameters stored in the *.properties file are used to complete the UI steps of an installation. Any parameters set here will override other settings.

Extract Fusion Client packages

This step is required if you are running an Ambari or Cloudera environment, and you want to deploy the Fusion Client. This is not required if you deploying the NameNode Proxy.

This must be performed before running through the silent installation of Fusion.

To extract the stacks/parcels from the installer file, run:

HDP stacks

./fusion-ui-server-hdp_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh --tar xOf ./rpm/fusion-ui-server*rpm | rpm2cpio | cpio -idv ./opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/ui-client-platform/downloads/stack_packages/*

CDH/CDP parcels

./fusion-ui-server-cdh_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh --tar xOf ./rpm/fusion-ui-server*rpm | rpm2cpio | cpio -idv ./opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/ui-client-platform/downloads/parcel_packages/*

The client packages will be extracted within your working directory in the following sub-directory(s):

HDP stacks: opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/ui-client-platform/downloads/stack_packages/
CDH/CDP parcels: opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/ui-client-platform/downloads/parcel_packages/

You can follow the standard steps to install Fusion Client but with the following adjustments:

Client Distribution - Hortonworks
- Transfer the extracted packages from your current node to your cluster manager (rather than downloading them from the UI).
- After restarting the Ambari Server, proceed to the Fully Automated Installation section as the rest of the steps will be carried out by the silent installer script.
Client Distribution - Cloudera
- Transfer the extracted packages from your current node to your cluster manager (rather than downloading them from the UI).
- Ignore the Publish your current settings step at the end and proceed to the Fully Automated Installation section.

4.5.2. Unattended Installation

You need to set 3 properties for this installation. These can either be added to *.env.sh file or specified in the CLI command itself.

FUSIONUI_USER

User which will run Fusion services.
If the installation is on a Hadoop cluster zone, the user needs to have HDFS superuser privileges. This can be the same user that runs the HDFS service, or the Fusion user can be added to the HDFS supergroup on the Fusion nodes and NameNodes. If using Kerberos, see the Kerberos section for information and options.

FUSIONUI_GROUP

(Optional) Group of the user which will run Fusion services. If not provided, the user’s primary group will be used.

FUSIONUI_FUSION_BACKEND_CHOICE

Select one of the supported package names to match your distribution. See the following list for all options, however, not all will be available on a single installer:

Check the release notes

Check the release notes for your version of WANdisco Fusion to be sure the packages are supported on your version.

Apache Hadoop ASF

asf-2.7.0:2.7.0
asf-3.1.0:3.1.0

Cloudera (CDH)

cdh-5.11.0:2.6.0-cdh5.11.0
cdh-5.11.0:2.6.0-cdh5.11.0
cdh-5.12.0:2.6.0-cdh5.12.0
cdh-5.13.0:2.6.0-cdh5.13.0
cdh-5.14.0:2.6.0-cdh5.14.0
cdh-5.15.0:2.6.0-cdh5.15.0
cdh-5.16.0:2.6.0-cdh5.16.0
cdh-6.0.0:3.0.0-cdh6.0.0
cdh-6.1.0:3.0.0-cdh6.1.0
cdh-6.2.0:3.0.0-cdh6.2.0
cdh-6.3.0:3.0.0-cdh6.3.0
cdh-7.0.0:3.1.1.7.0.3.0-79
cdh-7.1.0:3.1.1.7.1.1.0-565

Amazon EMR

emr-5.3.0:2.7.3-amzn-1
emr-5.4.0:2.7.3-amzn-1

Google Cloud Storage (GCS)

gcs-1.0:2.7.3
gcs-1.1:2.7.3
gcs-1.2:2.7.3
gcs-1.3:2.7.3

Azure HDInsight

hdi-3.6:2.7.3.2.6.2.0-147
hdi-4.0:3.1.1.3.1.2.1-1

Hortonworks (HDP)

hdp-2.5.0:2.7.3.2.5.0.0-1245
hdp-2.6.0:2.7.3.2.6.0.3-8
hdp-2.6.2:2.7.3.2.6.2.0-205
hdp-2.6.3:2.7.3.2.6.3.0-235
hdp-2.6.4:2.7.3.2.6.4.0-91
hdp-2.6.5:2.7.3.2.6.5.0-292
hdp-3.0.0:3.1.1.3.0.1.0-136
hdp-3.1.0:3.1.1.3.1.0.0-78
hdp-3.1.4:3.1.1.3.1.4.0-315

IBM BigInsights

ibm-4.2:2.7.2-IBM-12
ibm-4.2.5:2.7.3-IBM-29

Local Filesystem

localfs-2.7.0:2.7.0

MapR

mapr-5.0.0:2.7.0-mapr-1506
mapr-5.2.0:2.7.0-mapr-1607
mapr-6.1.0:2.7.0-mapr-1808

To run the unattended installation, either specify the variables in the command:

sudo FUSIONUI_USER=<fusion-user> FUSIONUI_GROUP=<fusion-group> FUSIONUI_FUSION_BACKEND_CHOICE=<fusion-backend> ./fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh

Example

sudo FUSIONUI_USER=hdfs FUSIONUI_GROUP=hadoop FUSIONUI_FUSION_BACKEND_CHOICE=hdp-2.6.5:2.7.3.2.6.5.0-292 ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.2.15.2.sh

Or, if you have entered the properties into *.env.sh file, run:

sudo SILENT_CONFIG_PATH=<path-to-*.env.sh> ./fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh

Example

sudo SILENT_CONFIG_PATH=/home/hdfs/silent_installer_env.sh ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.2.15.2.sh

This will perform the initial CLI installation steps, configuration will still need to be done via the UI.

4.5.3. Fully Automated Installation

This mode is a full silent installation as it handles both installation and configuration.

This must be run as the user chosen to run the Fusion services, e.g. hdfs.

If installing on an Ambari or Cloudera environment, this method assumes that you have already deployed the Fusion Client. If you wish to deploy the NameNode Proxy instead, see the additional steps in the Silent Installation with NameNode Proxy section.

Like the unattended install, FUSIONUI_USER, FUSIONUI_GROUP and FUSIONUI_FUSION_BACKEND_CHOICE need to be set.

In addition, set:

SILENT_PROPERTIES_PATH

Path to the *.properties file, the filename will depend on your distribution as mentioned in the Silent Installer Files section.
This file will be parsed during the installation, providing all the remaining parameters that are required for getting set up. The template is annotated with information to guide you through configuring the necessary parameters. Edit the file with your desired configuration.

Ambari HDP 3.0+ with Kerberos enabled

If using Ambari HDP 3.0+ with Kerberos enabled, you must also give your kadmin credentials in the silent_installer.properties file, e.g.

kadmin.principal=root/admin@EXAMPLE.COM
kadmin.password=admin

Once you have edited the silent_installer.properties file, run the following:

sudo FUSIONUI_USER=<fusion-user> FUSIONUI_GROUP=<fusion-group> FUSIONUI_FUSION_BACKEND_CHOICE=<fusion-backend> SILENT_PROPERTIES_PATH=<path-to-*.properties> ./fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh

Example

sudo FUSIONUI_USER=hdfs FUSIONUI_GROUP=hadoop FUSIONUI_FUSION_BACKEND_CHOICE=hdp-2.6.5:2.7.3.2.6.5.0-292 SILENT_PROPERTIES_PATH=/home/hdfs/silent_installer.properties ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.2.15.2.sh

Optional properties

Below are the optional properties that can be set in any of the *.properties files.

SILENT_CONFIG_PATH: Path for the environmental variables used in the command-line driven part of the installation, as mentioned in the Unattended installation section.
FUSIONUI_UI_PORT: Specify a Fusion UI port (default is 8083).
FUSIONUI_MEM_LOW: Starting Java Heap value for the Fusion UI (default).
FUSIONUI_MEM_HIGH: Maximum Java Heap value for the Fusion UI.
FUSIONUI_UMASK: Sets the default permissions applied to newly created files. The value 022 results in default directory permissions 755 and default file permissions 644. This ensures that the installation will be able to start up/restart.
FUSIONUI_INIT: Sets whether the server will start automatically when the system boots. Set as 1 for yes or 0 for no.
validation.environment.checks.enabled: Permits the validation checks for your environment.
validation.manager.checks.enabled: Manager validation is only available for Ambari and Cloudera installations.
validation.kerberos.checks.enabled: Kerberos validation is only available for Ambari and Cloudera installations.

Retry silent installation

If the installation fails, it is possible to re-run the silent installation (i.e. equivalent to the UI configuration steps) by running:

/opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/scripts/silent_installer_full_install.sh /path/to/*.properties

Example

/opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/scripts/silent_installer_full_install.sh /path/to/silent_installer.properties

4.5.4. Silent Installation with NameNode Proxy

These steps are only for Ambari and Cloudera distributions.

When installing on Hadoop clusters, the fully automated installation works in conjunction with the Fusion Client libraries. From Fusion 2.15.2, you can follow these extras steps to deploy the NameNode Proxy instead.

Complete a standard Unattended Installation.
Install the NameNode Proxy stacks/parcels by following the standard steps but with the following adjustments:
- NameNode Proxy - Hortonworks
  - Ignore the Publish your current settings step.
  - Transfer the stack package from your current node in the following directory (rather than through the UI):
    /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/ui-client-platform/downloads/core_plugins/nnproxy/ambari/
  - (Optional) Once you have started the Ambari Server back up and removed the compressed stack, proceed with the rest of these steps as the silent installer script will automatically install the NameNode Proxy service.
- NameNode Proxy - Cloudera
  - Ignore the Publish your current settings step.
  - Transfer the parcel, sha and csd file from your current node in the following directory (rather than through the UI):
    /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/ui-client-platform/downloads/core_plugins/nnproxy/cloudera/
  - (Optional) Once you have restarted the Cloudera Manager, proceed with the rest of these steps and utilize the --with-nnproxy-parcel-activation option as described when running the silent installer script below.
Edit the silent_installer.properties file as described in the fully automated installation section.
Additionally, edit the nnproxy.server.hosts property by adding a comma-separated list of fully qualified domain names of the hosts to be used as NameNode Proxy servers:

nnproxy.server.hosts= <nnproxy01.domain.com,nnproxy02.domain.com,etc>

Run the silent installer script with the following arguments:

Running this command will automatically restart services on your cluster as part of the installation. It will also configure your HDFS config and fs.defaultFS to start using the NameNode Proxy.

/opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/scripts/silent_installer_full_install.sh --with-nnproxy-install /path/to/silent_installer.properties

If using Cloudera, then the NameNode Proxy parcels can be automatically distributed and activated by including the additional option --with-nnproxy-parcel-activation:

Example

/opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/scripts/silent_installer_full_install.sh --with-nnproxy-install --with-nnproxy-parcel-activation /path/to/silent_installer.properties

4.6. Validation

Before moving into production you should always perform completion testing to ensure that Fusion is functioning as expected, with the minimum required levels of performance.

4.6.1. Environment

Ensure…

operation across two data centers
there are three servers that can act as Name Nodes
there are a minimum of three data nodes

4.6.2. Networking

Ping all hosts by name in both clusters from a central server from which ML will be run
Ping either the internal or external repo server from all hosts in the both clusters
Do a forward and reverse lookup on all hosts of all other hosts

4.6.3. Operating system

Perform the command hostname on all hosts in each cluster and verify that the results from the step above match what is returned by DNS and matches what is in all each nodes hosts file.
ssh to all hosts as root in each cluster from a central server.

4.7. LiveMigrator Pipes

LiveMigrator Pipes is available from Fusion 2.15.4 onwards.

Use LiveMigrator Pipes (Pipes) to help improve your bandwidth performance when replicating and migrating data.

The Fusion Server is limited to a single writer, which can saturate the bandwidth during high load. Pipes introduces a stateless process that registers to the Fusion Server and takes on the role of transfers on its behalf.

Contact WANdisco Support for more information about how to scale and use Pipes for your particular environment and use case.

Currently there is no method to tell the attached Pipe servers not to process requests. If N number of Pipe servers are connected to a Fusion server, all N will process transfer requests.

4.7.1. Prerequisites

Each Pipe server is used to receive incoming data (whilst the IHC Server transfers the data). WANdisco recommends one Pipe server for each IHC server.

For example, if there are 5 IHC servers on the source zone, it is recommended to have 5 Pipe servers on the target zone. However, you can also have 4 Pipe servers and 1 Fusion server without the Pipes plugin, or 3 Pipe servers and 2 Fusion servers without the Pipes plugin.

The Fusion servers must have network connectivity to the designated Pipe servers.
The Pipe servers must meet the recommended machine specification guidelines. Refer to the following recommendations as an example:

Source Fusion server: Heap max 16 GB, CPU max 4 cores.
Target Fusion server: Heap max 16 GB, CPU max 4 cores.
Source IHC server: Heap max 8 GB, CPU max 3 cores.
Target Pipe server: Heap max 8 GB, CPU 5 cores average, 6 max value.

Contact WANdisco Support to check the hardware prerequisites for Pipes in your environment.

4.7.2. Install Pipes

A Pipes installation is comprised of a plugin component and a server component. The installation packages for these components are located in the /opt/wandisco/packages directory on your Fusion servers:

Component Package (depends on target OS)

Component	Package (depends on target OS)
Fusion Live Migrator Pipes plugin	`pipe-plugin_<pipes-version>.<package-type>`
Fusion Pipe Server	`pipe-server_<pipes-version>.<package-type>`
Fusion Pipe Server (HDI specific)	`pipe-server-hdi40_<pipes-version>.<package-type>`

Fusion Live Migrator Pipes plugin

pipe-plugin_<pipes-version>.<package-type>

Fusion Pipe Server

pipe-server_<pipes-version>.<package-type>

Fusion Pipe Server (HDI specific)

pipe-server-hdi40_<pipes-version>.<package-type>

Install the Pipes plugin

The Pipes plugin package must be installed on your Fusion servers. Follow this process for each Fusion server:

Open a terminal session on your Fusion server.
Run the plugin installer using an account with appropriate permissions. For example:

Debian
sudo dpkg -i /opt/wandisco/packages/pipe-plugin_1.0.2-144_all.deb

Red Hat / CentOS
sudo rpm -i /opt/wandisco/packages/pipe-plugin-1.0.2-144.noarch.rpm
Restart your Fusion Server service:

service fusion-server restart
Repeat steps 1-3 for each Fusion server.

Install the Pipe server

If you are running HDI, please refer to the next section.

The Pipe server package must be installed on your designated Pipe servers.

Download the Pipe server package from your Fusion server to the server you want to install Pipes on.
Open a terminal session.
Run the server installer using an account with appropriate permissions. For example:

Debian
sudo dpkg -i /tmp/pipe-server_1.0.2-144_all.deb

Red Hat / CentOS
sudo rpm -i /tmp/pipe-server-1.0.2-144.noarch.rpm
Repeat steps 1-3 for each Pipe server.

Install the Pipes server (HDI)

The HDI Pipe server package must be installed on your designated Pipe servers.

Download the HDI Pipe server package from your Fusion server to the server you want to install Pipes on.
Open a terminal session.
Run the server installer using an account with appropriate permissions. For example:

Debian
sudo dpkg -i /tmp/pipe-server-hdi40_1.0.2-144_all.deb

Red Hat / CentOS
sudo rpm -i /tmp/pipe-server-hdi40-1.0.2-144.noarch.rpm
Copy the core-site.xml from the Fusion server to the Pipe server and place in the /etc/wandisco/pipe-server/ directory.
Repeat steps 1-4 for each Pipe server.

4.7.3. Configure Pipes

Configure the Pipe server

On each Pipe server, configure the following properties in /etc/wandisco/pipe-server/application.properties:

Property name Example value Description

Property name	Example value	Description
`server.port`	`8099`	API Port for Pipe server.
`pipe.fusionServers[N]`	`pipe.fusionServers[0]=http://fusion_server1.com:8082 pipe.fusionServers[1]=http://fusion_server2.com:8082`	List of Fusion servers that this Pipe server will be registered to.
`pipe.localHostName`	`pipe_server01.example.com`	The Pipe server hostname that is registered with the Fusion servers.

server.port

8099

API Port for Pipe server.

pipe.fusionServers[N]

pipe.fusionServers[0]=http://fusion_server1.com:8082 pipe.fusionServers[1]=http://fusion_server2.com:8082

List of Fusion servers that this Pipe server will be registered to.

pipe.localHostName

pipe_server01.example.com

The Pipe server hostname that is registered with the Fusion servers.

The example values given above for the pipe.fusionServers[N] property assume that SSL is disabled.
If SSL is enabled on the Fusion Server, then adjust the http URL prefix to https and the Fusion Server port from 8082 to 8084 (assuming default ports are being used).

Configure Hadoop proxyuser hosts

If your environment is an Hadoop cluster, adjust the hadoop.proxyuser.<fusionuser>.hosts value in core-site.xml by adding your Pipe server hostnames:

Example

hadoop.proxyuser.hdfs.hosts=pipes_server01.example.com,pipes_server02.example.com

The example above assumes that Fusion is running as the hdfs user (if using Kerberos, this will apply after auth_to_local rule mapping).

Configure SSL support

If your Fusion servers are SSL enabled, configure additional properties in the /etc/wandisco/pipe-server/application.properties file on your Pipe servers.

Example

server.ssl.enabled=true
server.ssl.key-store=/path/to/ssl-keystore.ks
server.ssl.key-store-password=<encrypted-password>
server.ssl.key-store-type=JKS
server.ssl.trust-store=/path/to/ssl-truststore.ks

The server.ssl.key-store-password value must be in encrypted format. Follow the Setting a password for SSL encryption section to discover how to generate the encrypted version of your password.

The Keystores and Truststores must be present on your Pipe servers in locations that are readable by your Pipe server user.

Configure Kerberos

In the case of HDFS with Kerberos configured, you do not need additional Pipes configuration. Pipes will use Fusion Server configuration to read\write into Kerberized HDFS.

If your Fusion servers are secured using Kerberos (for API authentication), then configure additional properties in the /etc/wandisco/pipe-server/application.properties file on your Pipe servers:

Example

pipe.fusionKerberosEnabled=true
pipe.fusionKerberosKeytabLocation=/etc/security/keytabs/hdfs.keytab
pipe.fusionKerberosUserPrincipal=hdfs@REALM.COM

If your Fusion servers are further secured using Authz, then the short principal name for pipe.fusionKerberosUserPrincipal should be included in fusion.http.authorization.authorized.read.writers list in the /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties file on each Fusion node. In the example above, this would be hdfs.

The pipe.fusionKerberos properties must match a keytab and principal that exists on your Pipe server.

These properties control the Pipe server’s interaction with the Fusion Server (as a client).

Pipe server REST API authentication

Enable Kerberos authentication for the Pipe servers' REST API by configuring the following properties in the /etc/wandisco/pipe-server/application.properties file on your Pipe servers:

Example

pipe.authenticationEnabled=true
pipe.kerberosServicePrincipal=HTTP/_HOST@REALM.COM
pipe.kerberosKeytabLocation=/etc/security/keytabs/spnego.service.keytab

These properties control user interaction with the Pipe server (in a server role).

Configure Pipe server user

Define the user to run the Pipe server in the /etc/wandisco/pipe-server/pipe-server.env file using the parameter PIPE_SERVER_USER.

Example

PIPE_SERVER_USER=hdfs

Configure data compression

Enable data compression for Pipes by configuring the following properties in the /etc/wandisco/pipe-server/application.properties file on your Pipe servers:

Example

ihc.compression.enabled=true
ihc.compression.codec=SNAPPY

The ihc.compression.enabled and ihc.compression.codec properties must be configured to have the same values as the ones defined for the IHC and Fusion Servers. See the Configure data compression for Fusion section for guidance.

4.7.4. Configuration recommendations

Pipe server

The Pipe server configuration can be edited in the /etc/wandisco/pipe-server/application.properties file on your Pipe servers.

The pipe.bufferSize value should be more than or equal to transfer.chunk.size.

The transfer.chunk.size property can be found in the /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties file on your Fusion servers.

Example to match transfer.chunk.size of 32768
```
pipe.bufferSize=32768
```
The pipe.simultaneousRequests value should equal:

1.1 x (executor.threads - repair.threads) / Number of Pipe servers

The executor.threads and repair.threads values can be found in the /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties file on your Fusion servers.

Example for 250 executor.threads, 50 repair.threads and 4 Pipe servers
```
pipe.simultaneousRequests=55
```

IHC Server

The IHC Server configuration can be edited in the /etc/wandisco/fusion/ihc/server/<distro-version>/<distro-version-string>.ihc file on your IHC servers.

The ihc.writer.threads value should match pipe.simultaneousRequests.

Example
```
ihc.writer.threads=50
```

These recommendations above apply to an environment setup without SSL enabled.

4.7.5. Restart Pipe server

Restart the Pipe servers after configuration is complete:

/etc/init.d/pipe-server restart

4.7.6. Validate Pipe server registration

Ensure Pipe servers are registered by checking the following API endpoint on your Fusion server:

Example using curl

curl http://<fusion.hostname>.com:8082/plugins/pipe/registeredpipes | xmllint --format -

4.8. Upgrade

If you wish to perform a major upgrade of Fusion, please contact WANdisco support.

To upgrade from an earlier version of WANdisco Fusion to 2.16, an outline of the steps involved is:

Run a script to gather information on existing configurations
Upgrade Fusion components
Renew configurations

4.9. Uninstall WANdisco Fusion

To avoid issues during the uninstall process, it is advisable to follow the order below when removing Fusion from the cluster:

Remove all Fusion related properties from the cluster core-site and service configurations.
Depending on what is installed, remove the NameNode Proxy or Fusion service from the cluster (either a or b below).
1. Remove the NameNode Proxy service from the cluster.
  - If Ambari, delete the NameNode Proxy service and manually uninstall the RPM from the NameNode Proxy host(s).
  - If Cloudera, delete the NameNode Proxy service and deactivate/remove the parcel from hosts.
2. Remove the Fusion service from the cluster.
  - If Ambari, delete the WANdisco Fusion service and the stack.
  - If Cloudera, deactivate and remove the FUSION parcel from hosts. The parcel can then be deleted.
Restart services on the cluster (this step is included in the sections for service removal mentioned above).
If it was installed, remove the Fusion Client from all hosts (not required if the Cloudera Fusion parcel was used).
Uninstall Fusion from the Fusion servers.

Note on Plugins

Please note that this section does not cover the uninstallation of plugins (except for the NameNode Proxy plugin). Please see the relevant plugin documentation for details on how to uninstall them. In general, plugins should always be removed prior to removing Fusion.

4.9.1. Fusion Touchpoints

In this section, all known configuration changes made as part of a Fusion installation will be documented. This will allow a thorough removal/reversion of Fusion related configuration (if required).

After listing the directories and files, there will be a summary at the end of each sub-section detailing what will need to be removed manually. This is purely informational as the corresponding steps to remove these files and directories are covered in the appropriate sections later in the uninstallation guidance.

Fusion servers

The following directories will be created on the Fusion nodes if they did not exist previously.

/opt/wandisco
/etc/wandisco
/var/log/fusion
/var/run/fusion

Service scripts for Fusion will also be created in the following locations:

/etc/init.d/fusion-ihc-server-<distro-version>
/etc/init.d/fusion-server
/etc/init.d/fusion-ui-server

If using the uninstall Fusion script (documented here), the service scripts will be removed. The purge flag can be used when running the uninstall script to automatically remove the directories listed (they will not be removed by default).

Ambari configuration

Publishing changes in the Fusion UI will result in the core-site being updated on the local Ambari manager. The properties added to the core-site will vary depending on the configuration of Fusion. The following properties will be added regardless of configuration:

HDFS

core-site.xml

fs.fusion.underlyingFs
fusion.client.ssl.enabled
fusion.server
fusion.http.authentication.enabled
fusion.http.authorization.enabled

A list of properties that may be added to the core-site can be found in the Fusion Configuration Properties section.

Additional properties added or appended to Ambari service configurations (not relating to core-site):

YARN

Advanced yarn-log4j - appended

log4j.logger.com.wandisco.fusion.client.BypassConfiguration=OFF log4j.logger.com.wandisco.fs.client=OFF

MapReduce2

Advanced mapred-site

mapreduce.application.classpath=:/opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/* - appended

Tez

Advanced tez-site

tez.cluster.additional.classpath.prefix=:/opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/* - appended

Storm

Custom storm-site

topology.classpath=/opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/*

Ambari Metrics

Advanced ams-hbase-env

hbase_classpath_additional=/opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/*

Slider

Advanced slider-env: slider-env template - appended

export SLIDER_CLASSPATH_EXTRA=$SLIDER_CLASSPATH_EXTRA:`for i in /opt/wandisco/fusion/client/lib/*;do echo -n "$i:" ; done`

All these properties will need to be removed manually during uninstallation of Fusion. Instructions for this are documented later for Ambari.

NameNode Proxy - Ambari cluster touchpoints

The following directories will be created on the specified Ambari nodes when the NameNode Proxy is installed. Only the parent directories for all relevant files and subdirectories will be listed.

Directories created on the Ambari Server:

/var/lib/ambari-server/resources/mpacks/nnproxy-mpack-<nnproxy-version>
/var/lib/ambari-server/resources/stacks/HDP/<hdp-version>/services/NN_PROXY
/var/lib/ambari-server/resources/common-services/NN_PROXY

All these directories will need to be removed manually after uninstalling NameNode Proxy.

Directories created on nodes with a NameNode Proxy Master installed (if they did not exist previously):

/opt/wandisco
/etc/wandisco
/var/log/fusion
/var/lib/ambari-agent/cache/stacks/HDP/<hdp-version>/services/NN_PROXY

If the NameNode Proxy Master is co-located on a Fusion server, then only the /var/lib/ambari-agent/cache/stacks/HDP/<hdp-version>/services/NN_PROXY will need to be manually removed after uninstalling NameNode Proxy.

If the NameNode Proxy Master is not co-located on a Fusion server, then the /opt/wandisco will also need to be manually removed after uninstallation.

Fusion Client - Ambari cluster touchpoints

The following directories will be created on the specified Ambari nodes when the Fusion Client is installed. Only the parent directories for all relevant files and subdirectories will be listed.

Directories created on the Ambari Server:

/var/lib/ambari-server/resources/stacks/HDP/<hdp-version>/services/FUSION

Directories created on nodes with a Fusion Client installed (if they did not exist previously):

/opt/wandisco
/etc/wandisco
/var/log/fusion
/var/lib/ambari-agent/cache/stacks/HDP/<hdp-version>/services/FUSION

Fusion Client distribution will update the following directories with symlinks to the Fusion Client libraries:

/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/hadoop/lib
/etc/alternatives
/var/lib/alternatives

Deletion of the Fusion service and removal of the Fusion Client will also remove these directories and files, except for the /var/lib/ambari-server/resources/stacks/HDP/<hdp-version>/services/FUSION directory on the Ambari Server. This will have to be removed manually.

Fusion Client - Ambari services

Fusion Client distribution will update the following directories with symlinks or copies of the Fusion Client libraries (if the directories existed):

Accumulo
/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/accumulo/lib/ext

Ambari Metrics
/usr/lib/ambari-metrics-collector - Ambari Metrics Collector

Atlas
/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/atlas/libext

Druid
/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/druid/extensions/druid-hdfs-storage

Knox
/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/knox/ext/ranger-knox-plugin-impl

Oozie
/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/oozie/libext
/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/oozie/oozie-server/webapps/oozie/WEB-INF/lib - Oozie server

Ranger
/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/ranger-admin/ews/webapp/WEB-INF/lib

Spark
/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/livy/jars - Livy Server

Spark2
/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/spark2/jars
/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/livy2/jars - Livy2 server

All of these symlinks/copies will be removed during the uninstallation of the Fusion Client.

Additional changes

HttpFS
Client distribution will also create a script on any node that contains a HttpFS server (webhdfs access via the REST HTTP API):

/usr/lib/bigtop-tomcat/bin/setenv.sh

When the HttpFS server is started, this will ensure the Fusion Client libraries are automatically copied to the classpath directory for HttpFS:

/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/hadoop-httpfs/webapps/webhdfs/WEB-INF/lib

These scripts will need to be edited or removed manually during uninstallation of Fusion. This is documented later in the HttpFS reversion section.

Spark
If Spark 1 is installed, the Spark Assembly jar may need to have been updated with the Fusion Client libraries. See the updating the Spark Assembly JAR section for details of this procedure.

/usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/spark/lib/spark-assembly-<spark-version>.jar

A copy of the original Spark Assembly jar will have been made as part of the update procedure. When uninstalling Fusion, the original will need to be copied back into place. This is documented later in the Spark reversion section.

Cloudera configuration

Publishing changes in the Fusion UI will result in the core-site being updated on the local Cloudera Management Server. The properties added to the core-site will vary depending on the configuration of Fusion. The following properties will be added regardless of configuration:

HDFS

core-site.xml

fs.fusion.underlyingFs
fusion.client.ssl.enabled
fusion.server
fusion.http.authentication.enabled
fusion.http.authorization.enabled

A list of properties that may be added to the core-site can be found in the Fusion Configuration Properties section.

Additional properties added or appended to Cloudera service configurations (not relating to core-site), these are currently added after Step 6 (Security) of the Fusion UI installation journey:

YARN

Gateway Logging Advanced Configuration Snippet (Safety Valve) - appended

log4j.logger.com.wandisco.fusion.client.BypassConfiguration=OFF log4j.logger.com.wandisco.fs.client=OFF

All these properties will need to be removed manually during uninstallation of Fusion. Instructions for this are documented later for Cloudera.

NameNode Proxy - Cloudera cluster touchpoints

The following directories will be created on the specified Cloudera nodes when the NameNode Proxy is installed. Only the parent directories for all relevant files and subdirectories will be listed.

Files added on the Cloudera Management Server for NameNode Proxy distribution:

/opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/NAMENODE_PROXY-<nnproxy-parcel-version>.parcel
/opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/NAMENODE_PROXY-<nnproxy-parcel-version>.parcel.sha
/opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/NAMENODE_PROXY-<nnproxy-parcel-version>.parcel.torrent

/opt/cloudera/csd/NAMENODE_PROXY-CSD.jar

Directories and files added on all Cloudera nodes after NameNode Proxy distribution:

/opt/cloudera/parcels/NAMENODE_PROXY-<nnproxy-parcel-version>
/opt/cloudera/parcel-cache/NAMENODE_PROXY-<nnproxy-parcel-version>.parcel.torrent

Directories created on nodes with a NameNode Proxy Master installed (if they did not exist previously):

/etc/alternatives/live-nn-conf
/var/lib/alternatives/live-nn-conf
/etc/wandisco
/var/log/fusion

The following files will need to be removed manually on the Cloudera Management Server after uninstalling NameNode Proxy:

/opt/cloudera/csd/NAMENODE_PROXY-CSD.jar
/opt/cloudera/parcel-cache/NAMENODE_PROXY-<nnproxy-parcel-version>.parcel.torrent

The rest will be automatically removed during uninstallation.

Fusion Client - Cloudera cluster touchpoints

The following directories and files will be created on the specified Cloudera nodes when the Fusion Client parcel is activated. Only the parent directories for all relevant files and subdirectories will be listed (where applicable).

If Impala is not installed on the cluster, then the Fusion IMPALA related files and directories should not be present.

Files added on the Cloudera Management Server for Client distribution:

/opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/FUSION-<fusion-parcel-version>.parcel
/opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/FUSION-<fusion-parcel-version>.parcel.sha
/opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/FUSION_IMPALA-<impala-parcel-version>.parcel
/opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/FUSION_IMPALA-<impala-parcel-version>.parcel.sha

/opt/cloudera/parcel-cache/FUSION-<fusion-parcel-version>.parcel.torrent
/opt/cloudera/parcel-cache/FUSION_IMPALA-<impala-parcel-version>.parcel.torrent

Directories added on the Cloudera Management Server during Client distribution:

/opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-parcel-version>
/opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION_IMPALA-<impala-parcel-version>

All nodes that have a Fusion Client installed will have a directory and contents created within (if it did not exist previously):

/opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION-<fusion-parcel-version>

Deactivation, removal and deletion of the Fusion parcel, and removal of the Fusion Client will remove these directories and files.

Fusion Client - Cloudera services

Fusion Client distribution will update the following directories with symlinks or copies of the Fusion Client libraries (if the directories existed):

Accumulo
/opt/cloudera/parcels/ACCUMULO-<accumulo-version>/lib/accumulo/lib/ext

Cloudera Management Server (Enterprise)
/usr/share/cmf/lib
/usr/share/cmf/cloudera-navigator-server/jars - Cloudera Navigator Server

Oozie
/var/lib/oozie
/opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-<cdh-version>/lib/oozie/libtools

Solr
/opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-<cdh-version>/lib/solr/webapps/solr/WEB-INF/lib

All of these symlinks/copies will be removed during the uninstallation of the Fusion Client.

Additional changes

HttpFS
If running a HttpFS server, the following directory may contain a script that ensures the HttpFS service loads the Fusion Client libraries (see the HttpFS section for information about setting this up):

/var/lib/hadoop-httpfs/tomcat-deployment/bin/setenv.sh

These scripts will need to be edited or removed manually during uninstallation of Fusion. This is documented later in the HttpFS reversion section.

/opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-<cdh-version>/jars/spark-assembly-<spark-version>.jar

4.9.2. Remove Fusion properties from core-site and cluster services

In order to remove Fusion configuration from the cluster, the Fusion related properties should be removed from the core-site.xml and cluster services.

For the core-site properties, filter/search for "fusion" in the HDFS config of the cluster.
1. If using Ambari, these properties will reside in "Custom core-site".
  
  Figure 24. Ambari - Fusion properties
2. If using Cloudera, these properties will reside in "Cluster-wide Advanced Configuration Snippet (Safety Valve) for core-site.xml".
  
  Figure 25. Cloudera - Fusion properties
Select to remove all these properties.
In addition to the above task, ensure that the fs.hdfs.impl property is also removed. It should only be present if the HDFS URI with HDFS or Fusion URI and HDFS URIs with HDFS scheme was selected for Fusion. Its removal ensures that the native Hadoop class is used (i.e. org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem).
1. Ambari
  
  Figure 26. Ambari - fs.hdfs.impl
2. Cloudera
  
  Figure 27. Cloudera - fs.hdfs.impl
Once all properties have been removed, select to Save changes afterwards.
In addition, some of the cluster services will contain properties related to Fusion.
1. Refer to the Ambari configuration or Cloudera configuration sections for guidance on what properties to remove.
2. Ensure that any changes to service configurations are saved before continuing.
A restart of services is recommended once the Fusion service is removed. This is part of the documented steps in the remove the Fusion service from the cluster and Remove the NameNode Proxy service from the cluster sections, one will be followed depending on your environment.

Additional step if Spark 1 is installed

This step is not required if the NameNode Proxy was installed.

If Spark 1 service is installed in the cluster, then it is highly likely that the Spark Assembly Jar will have been updated to include the Fusion client libraries. This will need to be reverted as part of the uninstallation of Fusion.

It is worth performing this step before proceeding onto the removal of the WANdisco Fusion service, as cluster services will be restarted as part of those steps.

Please see the Spark 1 for Ambari or Spark 1 for Cloudera notes referenced earlier in the uninstall section for background information.

Example to revert Spark assembly

Create a file (e.g. cluster_hosts) containing a list of all nodes in the cluster (one per line), and run a for loop command such as the example below:

Hortonworks

for i in `cat cluster_hosts`; do echo $i && ssh $i mv /usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/spark/lib/spark-assembly-<spark-version>.BACKUP /usr/hdp/<hdp-version>/spark/lib/spark-assembly-<spark-version>.jar; done

Cloudera

for i in `cat cluster_hosts`; do echo $i && ssh $i mv /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-<cdh-version>/jars/spark-assembly-<spark-version>.BACKUP /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-<cdh-version>/jars/spark-assembly-<spark-version>.jar; done

This example assumes that the original Spark Assembly Jar is present in the same location with the .BACKUP suffix.

A restart of the Spark 1 service will be required after this, although this can be done as part of the cluster restarts that are performed once the WANdisco Fusion service is removed.

Additional step if HttpFS is installed

This step is not required if the NameNode Proxy was installed.

See the HttpFS for Ambari or HttpFS for Cloudera notes referenced earlier in the uninstall section for background information.

If a HttpFS server is installed on the cluster, then it is likely that it was made compatible for the Fusion client. In order to revert this, a script for Tomcat should be edited to remove references to the Fusion client libraries.

On any node that hosts a HttpFS server, edit the setenv.sh script for the HttpFS server.

Example for Hortonworks

vi /usr/lib/bigtop-tomcat/bin/setenv.sh

Example for Cloudera

vi /var/lib/hadoop-httpfs/tomcat-deployment/bin/setenv.sh

Delete the references to the Fusion client libraries from the script (see output below).

Example for Hortonworks

# START_FUSION - do not remove this line, or the STOP_FUSION line
(shopt -s nullglob
if [ -d "/opt/wandisco/fusion/client/jars" -a -d "/usr/hdp/current/hadoop-httpfs" ]; then
  for jar in "/opt/wandisco/fusion/client/jars/*"; do
    cp "$jar" "/usr/hdp/current/hadoop-httpfs/webapps/webhdfs/WEB-INF/lib"
  done
fi)
# STOP_FUSION

Example for Cloudera

# START_FUSION - do not remove this line, or the STOP_FUSION line
(shopt -s nullglob
if [ -d "/opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION/lib" -a -d "/opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/lib/hadoop-httpfs" ]; then
  for jar in "/opt/cloudera/parcels/FUSION/lib/*"; do
    cp "$jar" "/var/lib/hadoop-httpfs/tomcat-deployment/webapps/webhdfs/WEB-INF/lib"
  done
fi)
# STOP_FUSION

Once the references have been removed, save and quit the file.

A restart of the HttpFS service will be required after this, although this can be done as part of the cluster restarts that are performed once the WANdisco Fusion service is removed.

4.9.3. Remove the NameNode Proxy service from the cluster

Follow the instructions for the relevant distribution to remove NameNode Proxy artefacts from the cluster.

Ambari - delete the NameNode Proxy service and stack

Use these steps if wanting to remove the NameNode Proxy service from the Ambari cluster.

Set the fs.defaultFS value back to its original nameservice.
1. Ambari UI → HDFS → Configs → Advanced core-site
2. Change the fs.defaultFS value back to the original NameNode nameservice.
Stop and delete the NameNode Proxy service.
1. Ambari UI → NameNode Proxy → Actions → Stop
2. Ambari UI → NameNode Proxy → Actions → Delete Service
Uninstall the NameNode Proxy rpm/deb file.
1. Open a terminal session to the NameNode Proxy host(s).
2. Remove the rpm or deb file with the following command.
  
  RHEL
  
  yum remove -y fusion-nn-proxy-<hadoop-version>.noarch
  
  Ubuntu
  
  apt remove -y fusion-nn-proxy-<hadoop-version>.deb
3. Remove the related directories by running the command below on all NameNode Proxy host(s).
  rm -rf /opt/wandisco/nn-proxy-server rm -rf /var/lib/ambari-agent/cache/stacks/HDP/<hdp-version>/services/NN_PROXY
On the Ambari Manager, delete the stack from the filesystem.
1. Open a terminal session to the Ambari Manager.
2. Remove the stack and related directories by running the commands below.
  rm -rf /var/lib/ambari-server/resources/common-services/NN_PROXY rm -rf /var/lib/ambari-server/resources/stacks/HDP/<hdp-version>/services/NN_PROXY rm -rf /var/lib/ambari-server/resources/mpacks/nnproxy-mpack-<nnproxy-version>
3. To fully remove the NameNode Proxy service option (from the Add Service page), restart the Ambari Server.
  
  ambari-server restart
Restart services as necessary in Ambari. This will allow the configuration changes to go through.

Cloudera - delete the NameNode Proxy service and parcel

Use these steps if wanting to remove the NameNode Proxy service from the Cloudera cluster.

Set the fs.defaultFS value back to its original nameservice.
1. Cloudera UI → HDFS → Configuration → Cluster-wide Advanced Configuration Snippet (Safety Valve) for core-site.xml
2. Change the fs.defaultFS value back to the original NameNode nameservice (or remove the property if it did not exist previously).
Stop and delete the NameNode Proxy service.
1. Cloudera UI → NameNode Proxy → NameNode Proxy Actions → Stop
2. Cloudera UI → NameNode Proxy → NameNode Proxy Actions → Delete
Remove the NameNode Proxy parcel.
1. Cloudera UI → Parcels → NAMENODE_PROXY → Deactivate
2. Cloudera UI → Parcels → NAMENODE_PROXY → Remove from Hosts
3. Cloudera UI → Parcels → NAMENODE_PROXY → Delete
Clean up related files on the Cloudera Manager server.
1. Remove the following files on the Cloudera Manager server via a terminal session.
  rm -f /opt/cloudera/csd/NAMENODE_PROXY-CSD.jar rm -f /opt/cloudera/parcel-cache/NAMENODE_PROXY-asf-<nnproxy-parcel-version>.parcel.torrent
2. Restart the Cloudera Manager service to remove the Add Service option for NameNode Proxy.
  
  service cloudera-scm-server restart
Restart services as necessary in Cloudera. This will allow the configuration changes to go through, and the relevant services will be highlighted in the UI.

4.9.4. Remove the Fusion service and client from the cluster

Follow the instructions for the relevant distribution to remove Fusion artefacts from the cluster.

Ambari - remove the WANdisco Fusion service and stack

Use these steps if wanting to remove the WANdisco Fusion service from the Ambari cluster.

Ambari - Remove the WANdisco Fusion service from the cluster (choose option a or b, option a is recommended).
1. UI - Delete the WANdisco Fusion service via the Service Actions drop-down in Ambari.
  
  Figure 28. Ambari - delete WANdisco Fusion service
2. API - Delete the WANdisco Fusion service using a curl call to Ambari.
  
  Using APIs to delete a service or all host components on a host
  
  Example
  curl -su <user>:<password> -H "X-Requested-By: ambari" http(s)://<ambari-server>:<ambari-port>/api/v1/clusters/<cluster-name>/services/FUSION -X DELETE
  Replacing the following with your specific information:
  - <user>:<password> - login and password used for Ambari.
  - http(s) - Adjust this prefix depending on whether the Ambari Server is SSL enabled or not.
  - <ambari-server>:<ambari-port> - the URL used to access Ambari UI.
  - <cluster> - this refers to the cluster name, it can be seen at the very top next to the Ambari logo.
Remove the stack from the Ambari server, and restart the Ambari server afterwards:

Example
1. rm -f /var/lib/ambari-server/resources/stacks/HDP/<hdp-version>/services/FUSION
2. ambari-server restart
Restart services as necessary in Ambari. This will allow the configuration changes to go through.

Remove the Fusion Client from all nodes in the Ambari cluster

Removing the WANdisco Fusion service does not automatically remove the Fusion client.

As such, the Fusion client RPM/DEB packages will need to be removed manually from all nodes in the cluster.

Run the command below to obtain the client package name, which can then be used to be remove it:

RHEL

yum list installed | grep fusion

Debian

apt list --installed | grep fusion
Remove the client from all nodes in the cluster (choose option a or b, b is recommended).
1. Run the command below on each node in the cluster to remove the client package:
  
  RHEL
  
  yum remove -y fusion-hcfs-<PLATFORM-VERSION>-client-hdfs.noarch
  
  Debian
  
  apt remove -y fusion-hcfs-<PLATFORM-VERSION>-client-hdfs.deb
2. Alternatively, create a file (e.g. cluster_hosts) containing a list of all nodes in the cluster (one per line), and run a for loop command such as the example below:
  RHEL
  for i in `cat cluster_hosts`; do echo $i && ssh $i yum remove -y fusion-hcfs-<PLATFORM-VERSION>-client-hdfs.noarch; done
  Debian
  for i in `cat cluster_hosts`; do echo $i && ssh $i apt remove -y fusion-hcfs-<PLATFORM-VERSION>-client-hdfs.deb; done
The following output will be seen on all nodes where the Fusion client was installed:

WANdisco Fusion Client uninstalled successfully.

Cloudera - deactivate and remove the FUSION parcel/client

Use these steps if wanting to remove the WANdisco Fusion service from the Cloudera cluster. This will also uninstall the Fusion client on all nodes in the cluster.

On the Cloudera UI, click on the Parcels icon.

Figure 29. Cloudera - parcels
If the FUSION_IMPALA parcel is installed, first select to Deactivate this.

Figure 30. Cloudera - Deactivate Fusion Impala
On the pop out, change to Deactivate only.

Figure 31. Cloudera - Fusion Impala - Deactivate only
Scroll down to FUSION and click Deactivate.

Figure 32. Cloudera - Deactivate Fusion
On the pop out, select to Deactivate only. Note that the Remove From Hosts step cannot be performed until services are restarted.

Figure 33. Cloudera - Fusion - Deactivate only
Restart services as necessary in Cloudera. This will allow the configuration changes to go through, and the relevant services will be highlighted in the UI.
On the Parcels page, click Remove From Hosts for the FUSION_IMPALA parcel (if installed).

Figure 34. Cloudera - Fusion Impala - Remove From Hosts

Confirm the removal in the pop-up for the FUSION_IMPALA parcel by selecting OK.
On the Parcels page, click Remove From Hosts for the FUSION parcel.

Figure 35. Cloudera - Fusion - Remove From Hosts

Confirm the removal in the pop-up for the FUSION parcel by selecting OK. This action will remove the Fusion client from all nodes in the cluster.
For the FUSION_IMPALA parcel (if installed), select to Delete to delete the parcel from the filesystem on the Cloudera Manager.

Figure 36. Cloudera - Fusion Impala - Delete parcel
For the FUSION parcel, select to Delete to delete the parcel from the filesystem on the Cloudera Manager.

Figure 37. Cloudera - Fusion - Delete parcel

Manual removal of the Fusion Client

This step is only required if the FUSION parcel was not used in the distribution of the Fusion client and the client package was installed manually on the cluster nodes.

To uninstall the Fusion client package from all nodes in the Cloudera cluster, follow the same steps provided in the Ambari section - remove the Fusion Client from all nodes in the cluster.

4.9.5. Uninstall Fusion packages from the Fusion nodes

Follow this guidance for removing the core WANdisco Fusion installation from a server. This must be performed on all Fusion nodes that need to be uninstalled.

Use the following script:

/opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/scripts/uninstall.sh

The script is placed on the node during the installation process.
You must run the script as root or invoke sudo.

Prior to running this script, it is highly recommended that a backup of the Fusion configuration is performed. See the "Backup config/log files" section for details.

Usage

Running the script with -h outputs a list of options for the script.

Usage: ./uninstall.sh [-c] [-l] [-p] [-d]
 -c: Backup config to '$CONFIG_BACKUP_DIR' (default: /tmp/fusion_config_backup).
 -d: Dry run mode. Demonstrates the effect of the uninstall without performing the requested actions.
 -h: This help message.
 -l: Backup logs to '$LOG_BACKUP_DIR' (default: /tmp/fusion_log_backup).
 -p: Purge config, log, data files, etc to leave a cleaned up system.

Backup config/log files

Run the script with the -c option to back up your config and -l to back up WANdisco Fusion logs. The files will be backed up to the following location by default:

/tmp/fusion_config_backup/fusion_configs-YYYYMMDD-HHmmss.tar.gz
/tmp/fusion_log_backup/fusion_logs-YYYYMMDD-HHmmss.tar.gz

Change the default backup directory

You can change the locations that the script uses for these backups by adding the following environmental variables:

CONFIG_BACKUP_DIR=/path/to/config/backup/dir
LOG_BACKUP_DIR=/path/to/log/backup/dir

See the example below for usage of these variables:

CONFIG_BACKUP_DIR=/path/to/config/backup/dir LOG_BACKUP_DIR=/path/to/log/backup/dir /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/scripts/uninstall.sh -c -l

This will backup the config and logs to the directories specified, and uninstall Fusion leaving the related directories intact.

Dry run

Use the -d option to test an uninstallation. This option lets you test the effects of an installation, without any actual file changes being made. Use this option to be sure that your uninstallation will do what you expect.

Default uninstallation

Running the script without using any additional options performs the following default actions:

Stops all WANdisco Fusion related services.
Uninstalls the Fusion, IHC and UI servers.
- It does not remove the Fusion Client, this should be done manually (if it has not already been removed).

If the default options are used, then the Fusion directories will need to manually deleted:

Example

rm -rf /opt/wandisco/fusion /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server /etc/wandisco/ /var/run/fusion/ /var/log/fusion/

In this example, the /opt/wandisco parent directory has been left intact. Please ensure that any potential files within are safely backed up before removing this.

Uninstallation with config purge

Running the script with -p will also include the removal of all directories that were created as part of the WANdisco Fusion installation.

It is advisable to use the purge (-p) option in the event that you need to complete a fresh installation, although ensure that the current configuration is backed up (see the "Backup config/log files" section for details).

Please note that the backup option is for recording previous configuration and capturing logs for analysis. It isn’t practical for this option to be used to restore an installation.

4.10. Additional installation options

4.10.1. Installing to a custom location

The WANdisco Fusion installer places files into specific directories that are created if they do not exist, (see Installer File section for default locations). We strongly recommend that you use the default locations as they are better supported and more roundly tested. For deployments where these locations are not permitted, the use of symlinks should be considered.

Example

  ln -s /opt/wandisco /path/to/target_opt_directory
  ln -s /etc/wandisco /path/to/target_etc_directory
  ln -s /var/log/wandisco /path/to/target_log_directory
  ln -s /var/run/wandisco /path/to/target_run_directory

The following RPM relocation feature is also available, although this does have certain limitations (listed below in Pre-requisites). The feature allows installations of WANdisco Fusion to a user-selected location.

Pre-requisites

RHEL and derivatives only (SLES not currently supported)
Special attention will be required for client installations.
Limitation concerning Ambari stack installation

Non-root Ambari agents

Unfortunately the Ambari Stack installer cannot be configured for non-root if you intend to use this RPM relocation feature. Ambari can be configured for non-root Ambari Agents.

FUSION_PREFIX Environmental variable

When running the installer, first set the following environmental variable:

sudo FUSION_PREFIX=<custom-directory> ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.sh

This will change the installation directory from the default to the one that you provide, e.g.

sudo FUSION_PREFIX=/CustomInstallLocation ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.sh

The above example would install fusion-ui-server into /CustomInstallLocation/fusion-ui-server. Also, the WANdisco Fusion server and IHC server will be installed under /CustomInstallLocation/fusion/server and /CustomInstallLocation/fusion/ihc/server/ respectively.

If you run with the FUSION_PREFIX, an additional line will appear on the summary screen of the installer:

   ::   ::  ::     #     #   ##    ####  ######   #   #####   #####   #####
  :::: :::: :::    #     #  #  #  ##  ## #     #  #  #     # #     # #     #
 ::::::::::: :::   #  #  # #    # #    # #     #  #  #       #       #     #
::::::::::::: :::  # # # # #    # #    # #     #  #   #####  #       #     #
 ::::::::::: :::   # # # # #    # #    # #     #  #        # #       #     #
  :::: :::: :::    ##   ##  #  ## #    # #     #  #  #     # #     # #     #
   ::   ::  ::     #     #   ## # #    # ######   #   #####   #####   #####

Installing with the following settings:

Installation Prefix:                /CustomInstallLocation
User and Group:                     hdfs:hdfs
Hostname:                           localhost.localdomain
Fusion Admin UI Listening on:       0.0.0.0:8083
Fusion Admin UI Minimum Memory:     128
Fusion Admin UI Maximum memory:     512
Platform:                           hdp-2.6.0

Do you want to continue with the installation? (Y/n)

Alternate method

You can also perform an installation to a custom directory using the following alternative:

Inject the environmental variable:

`export FUSION_PREFIX=<custom-directory>`

Run the installer as per the usual method, i.e.:

./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.sh

The installer will use the provided path for the installation, as described in the main procedure.

Custom location installations - Client Installation

When installing to a custom location, you will need to ensure that your clients are configured with the matching location. You should be able to correctly install clients using the normal procedure, outlined above. See Client Installation, immediately below.

4.10.2. Client installation

If you need to download the Fusion Client after installation is complete, use the links on this screen.

Figure 38. Settings - Client Distribution

Installation with RPM

RPM package location
If you need to find the packages after leaving the installer page with the link, you can find them in your installation directory, here:

/opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/ui-client-platform/downloads/

If you are installing the RPMs, download and install the package on each of your nodes.

Installing the client RPM is done in the usual way:

rpm -i <package-name>

Install checks

First, we check if we can run hadoop classpath, in order to complete the installation.
If we’re unable to run hadoop classpath then we check for HADOOP_HOME and run the Hadoop classpath from that location.
If the checks cause the installation to fail, you need to export HADOOP_HOME and set it so that the hadoop binary is available at $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop, e.g.
```
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop/hadoop
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hadoop/hive
export PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HIVE_HOME/bin
```

Installation with DEB

Debian not supported
Although Ubuntu uses Debian’s packaging system, currently Debian itself is not supported. Note: Hortonworks HDP does not support Debian.

If you are running with an Ubuntu Linux distribution, you need to go through the following procedure for installing the clients using Debian’s DEB package:

DEB package location
If you need to find the packages after leaving the installer page with the link, you can find them in your installation directory, here:

/opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/ui-client-platform/downloads/client_package

To install WANdisco Fusion client, download and install the package on each of your nodes.
You can install it using
```
sudo dpkg -i /path/to/deb/file
```
followed by
```
sudo apt-get install -f
```
Alternatively, move the DEB file to /var/cache/apt/archives/ and then run
```
apt-get install <fusion-client-filename.deb>
```

Parcel Locations

By default local parcels are stored on the Cloudera Manager Server:/opt/cloudera/parcel-repo. To change this location, follow the instructions in Configuring Server Parcel Settings.

The location can be changed by setting the parcel_dir property in /etc/cloudera-scm-agent/config.ini file of the Cloudera Manager Agent and restart the Cloudera Manager Agent or by following the instructions in Configuring the Host Parcel Directory.

Don’t link to /usr/lib/

The path to the CDH libraries is /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/lib instead of the usual /usr/lib. We strongly recommend that you don’t link /usr/lib/ elements to parcel deployed paths, as some scripts distinguish between the two paths.

Replacing earlier parcels?

If you are replacing an existing package that was installed using a parcel, once the new package is activated you should remove the old package through Cloudera Manager. Use the Remove From Host button.

Client installation on ASF

If using an ASF setup, follow the client installation instructions below to install the client on each applicable node. Once complete, distribute the core-site.xml to all nodes in the Hadoop cluster.

To install the Client manually, download the from RPM/DEB packages from the UI.
Install on each applicable node
Distribute the core-site.xml. How you do this depends on your setup:
- If a core-site.xml file exists in the local config directory (default is /usr/hadoop-<version>/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml) and has an entry for fusion.server then this file should be copied and placed on every node where the Fusion Client is installed.
- If a core-site.xml file exists in the local config directory but has no entry for fusion.server, then this file should be updated with the values from the Fusion Server (generated) core site file. This is located at /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/core-site.xml by default. All <property> elements of this file should be merged into the default core-site.xml file. This file should be copied and placed on every node where the Fusion Client is installed.
- If no core-site.xml file exists in the local config directory, then the generated core site file should be copied and placed on every node where the Fusion Client is installed. The generated file is located at /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/core-site.xml by default.

4.10.3. Installer Help

Running the following command on the installer will generate a number of helpful options:

./fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh --help
Makeself version 2.1.5
 1) Getting help or info about ./fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh :
  ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.sh --help   Print this message
  ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.sh --info   Print embedded info : title, default target directory, embedded script ...
  ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.sh --lsm    Print embedded lsm entry (or no LSM)
  ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.sh --list   Print the list of files in the archive
  ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.sh --check  Checks integrity of the archive

 2) Running ./fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh :
  ./fusion-ui-server-hdp_rpm_installer.sh [options] [--] [additional arguments to embedded script]
  with following options (in that order)
  --confirm             Ask before running embedded script
  --noexec              Do not run embedded script
  --keep                Do not erase target directory after running
			the embedded script
  --nox11               Do not spawn an xterm
  --nochown             Do not give the extracted files to the current user
  --target NewDirectory Extract in NewDirectory
  --tar arg1 [arg2 ...] Access the contents of the archive through the tar command
  --                    Following arguments will be passed to the embedded script

 3) Environment:
  LOG_FILE              Installer messages will be logged to the specified file

Here is one example of an option in use. A workaround if /tmp directory is "noexec":

Running the installer script will write files to the filesystem’s /tmp directory. If the /tmp directory is mounted with the "noexec" option then the following argument can be used when running the installer:

--target /path/to/executable_directory

Example

sudo ./fusion-ui-server-<distro>_<package-type>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh --target /opt/wandisco/installation/

The target directory should have the following attributes:

No write/execute restrictions.
Sufficient storage space.

4.10.4. Installing without the installer

The following procedures covers the hands-on approach to installation and basic setup of a deployment that deploys over the LocalFileSystem. For the vast majority of cases you should use the previous Installer-based LocalFileSystem Deployment procedure.

Don’t do it this way unless you have to.

We provide this example to illustrate how a completely hands-on installation can be performed. We don’t recommend that you use it for a deployment unless you absolutely can’t use the installers. Instead, use it as a reference so that you can see what changes are made by our installer.

Non-HA Local filesystem setup

Start with the regular WANdisco Fusion setup. You can go through either the installation manually or using the installer.
When you select the $user:$group you should pick a master user account that will have complete access to the local directory that you plan to replicate. You can set this manually by modifying etc/wandisco/fusion-env.sh setting FUSION_SERVER_GROUP to $group and FUSION_SERVER_USER to $user.
Next, you’ll need to configure the core-site.xml, typically in /etc/hadoop/conf/, and override “fs.file.impl” to “com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionLocalFs”, “fs.defaultFS” to "file:///", and "fs.fusion.underlyingFs" to "file:///". (Make sure to add the usual Fusion properties as well, such as "fusion.server").
If you are running with fusion URI, (via “fs.fusion.impl”), then you should still set the value to “com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionLocalFs”.
If you are running with Kerberos, then you should override “fusion.handshakeToken.dir” to point to some directory that will exist within the local directory you plan to replicate to/from. You should also ensure that the “fusion.keytab” and “fusion.principal” properties are defined as usual.

As of Fusion 2.16.3, fusion.keytab is now fusion.ktab.
Ensure that the local directory you plan to replicate to/from already exists. If not, create it and give it 777 permissions or create a symlink (locally) that will point to the local path you plan to replicate to/from.
For example, if you want to replicate /repl1/ but don’t want to create a directory on your root level, you can create a symlink to repl1 on your root level and point it to wherever you want to actually be your replicated directory. In the case of using NFS, it should be used to point to /mnt/nfs/.
Set-up an NFS.

See How To Set Up an NFS Mount on CentOS 6

Be sure to point your replicated directory to your NFS mount, either directly or using a a symlink.

HA local file system setup

Install Fusion UI, Server, IHC, and Client (for LocalFileSystem) on every node you plan to use for HA.
When you select the $user:$group you should pick a master user account that will have complete access to the local directory that you plan to replicate. You can set this manually by modifying /etc/wandisco/fusion-env.sh setting FUSION_SERVER_GROUP to $group and FUSION_SERVER_USER to $user.
Next, you’ll need to configure the core-site.xml, typically in /etc/hadoop/conf/, and override “fs.file.impl” to “com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionLocalFs”, “fs.defaultFS” to "file:///", and “fs.fusion.underlyingFs” to "file:///". (Make sure to add the usual Fusion properties as well, such as "fs.fusion.server").
If you are running with fusion URI, (via “fs.fusion.impl”), then you should still set the value to “com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionLocalFs”.
If you are running with Kerberos, then you should override “fusion.handshakeToken.dir” to point to some directory that will exist within the local directory you plan to replicate to/from. You should also ensure that the “fusion.keytab” and “fusion.principal” properties are defined as usual.

As of Fusion 2.16.3, fusion.keytab is now fusion.ktab.
Ensure that the local directory you plan to replicate to/from already exists. If not, create it and give it 777 permissions or create a symlink (locally) that will point to the local path you plan to replicate to/from.
For ex, if you want to replicate /repl1/ but don’t want to create a directory on your root level, you can create a symlink to repl1 on your root level and point it to wherever you want to actually be your replicated directory. In the case of using NFS, it should be used to point to /mnt/nfs/.
Now follow a regular HA set up, making sure that you copy over the core-site.xml and fusion-env.sh everywhere so all HA nodes have the same configuration.
Create the replicated directory (or symlink to it) on every HA node and chmod it to 777.

5. Installation (Cloud)

The following section covers the installation of WANdisco Fusion into a cloud / hybrid-cloud environment.

5.1. Alibaba Installation

WANdisco Fusion can be installed on Alibaba Cloud, enabling you to replicate on-premises data over to Alibaba Cloud.

5.1.1. Installation of WANdisco Fusion for use with Alibaba

For Alibaba Cloud installations, follow the same guidance as an Amazon S3 installation.

5.2. Amazon Installation

This section covers how WANdisco Fusion can be used with the Amazon Web Services (AWS) platform.

This section gives information on installing and using the Fusion installation with EMR/S3A.

5.2.1. Prerequisites for AWS

See the Prerequisites Checklist for information about what is required for a WANdisco Fusion set up.

There is also more information on, for example, networking in the Cloud Deployment Guide.

Setting up AWS profiles

IAM roles are the preferred method for S3A authentication, they are specific to the AWS platform.

If you don’t have the correct IAM roles to access your S3 bucket, or your S3 bucket has different region with your Fusion node you can use the Access Key and Secret Key credentials. These are configured by running aws configure on the command line. This creates a .aws directory with a credentials file with the relevant keys, under a [default] section.

However, there is also the concept of profiles, and you can store multiple different credentials for different profiles using the CLI command.

The following properties store AWS credentials in core-site.xml. These values allow API access the AWS Management Console. The properties fs.s3a.access.key and fs.s3a.secret.key form a key pair. The purpose of these keys is explained in Use of Access and Secret Keys.

Example keys

fs.s3a.access.key  AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
fs.s3a.secret.key  wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY)

CLI

The AWS command line can be installed and configured to access S3 buckets.

aws configure --profile <profilename>

Example

aws --endpoint-url=https://s3-api.us-example.domain.url.net --profile fusion s3 ls s3://vwbucket/repl1/

This creates a new section in the credentials file like so:

[newprofilename]
[nolan]
aws_access_key_id = A******XYZ123ABCRFOA
aws_secret_access_key = 77***********************XZ

SSL with AWS

When using SSL between Fusion nodes, you can create dedicated truststores. However, when connecting WANdisco Fusion to external resources, such as AWS/Cloud nodes, the SSL connection will fail because these external nodes use CA certificates.

When using SSL between Fusion and other nodes, such as cloud object stores, you need to update your truststores to include both the homemade certs and the Root authorities certs.

5.2.2. Limitations and considerations

When you stop the Fusion EC2 instances, Fusion data on the EBS storage will remain on the root device and its continued storage will be charged for. However, temporary data in the instance stores will be flushed as they don’t need to persist.
If the WANdisco Fusion servers are turned off, then replication to the S3 bucket will stop.
fs.s3.consistent=false is unsupported. By default it is set to true and so no configuration is required.

5.2.3. Installing into Amazon S3

Installation of WANdisco Fusion in AWS S3 is documented in a separate S3 Installation section, which covers all S3 compatible platforms.

5.2.4. S3A Client Configuration

All S3A client options are configured with the prefix 'fs.s3a.' The client supports Per-bucket configuration, allowing different buckets to override shared settings. Use it to change the endpoint, encryption and authentication mechanisms of buckets, as well as S3Guard and various minor options. See the Apache documentation on General S3A Client configuration

5.2.5. Making Changes to S3A Credentials

The S3A client needs the credentials required to interact with buckets. See the Apache documentation for more information about Authenticating with S3.

5.2.6. Changing S3A Authentication Providers

For more information about the S3A client authentication chain, see the Apache documentation section Changing Authentication Providers.

5.2.7. Installing into Amazon Elastic MapReduce Filesystem (EMRFS)

Installation of WANdisco Fusion in AWS EMRFS follows a very similar process to the standard Fusion installation.

CLI

The first part of the installation is CLI based. Follow the steps in the Initial installation via the terminal section to do this.

You will need to use a EMR specific installer, for example, fusion-ui-server-emr_<OS-version>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh.

Note the difference below when you have reached the specify the appropriate platform option:

Please specify the appropriate platform from the list below:

[0] emr-5.3.0
[1] emr-5.4.0

Which WANdisco Fusion platform do you wish to use?

Select the appropriate platform version for your environment to continue.

UI

The next section of the installer is browser based. For this, follow the steps in the Browser-based configuration of WANdisco Fusion section. All steps are the same for EMR installation except for some additional fields which need to be completed on page 5 of the installer.

Figure 39. AWS EMR install

EMR Information

Bucket Name: The name of the S3 Bucket that will connect to Fusion.
Amazon S3 encryption: Enables Amazon S3 encryption, it can be enabled on a per-bucket level in AWS. Check the box if it is enabled on this S3 bucket. See Amazon’s documentation for more information on this feature.
Use KMS with Amazon S3: Use an established AWS Key Management Server, if enabling, an additional KMS Key ID field will be required. See the Use KMS with Amazon S3A section for more information.
Use access key and secret key: If you are using access key and secret key then additional fields are required. See the Use access key and secret key section below for more information on this. These settings can also be updated on the Settings tab in the UI after installation.

Click Validate after entering the details so that the checks are performed to ensure that Fusion can correctly interact with the S3 Bucket. This may need to be performed after entering Access/Secret key details (if applicable).

Core-Site.xml Information

fs.s3.buffer.dir: The full path to a directory or multiple directories, separated by comma without space, that S3 will use for temporary storage. The install will check that the directory exists and that it will accept writes.
hadoop.tmp.dir: The full path to a one or more directories that Hadoop will use for housekeeping data storage. The installer will check that the directories that you provide exists and is writable. You can enter multiple directories separate by comma without space.

Click Validate after entering the details to check that Fusion can write to the directories specified in the Core-Site.xml Information fields.

Use KMS with Amazon S3

KMS Key ID: This option must be selected if you are deploying your S3 bucket with AWS Key Management Service. Enter your KMS Key ID. This is a unique identifier of the key. This can be an ARN, an alias, or a globally unique identifier. The ID will be added to the JSON string used in the EMR cluster configuration.

5.2.8. Installing the Fusion client on a new Amazon Elastic MapReduce (EMR) cluster

In order to allow Live replication on the EMR cluster, the Fusion client must be installed.

These instructions are for installing the client on a new AWS EMR cluster. This is the recommended approach, even if you already have an EMR cluster set up.

On the Settings tab, go to EMR Client and follow the instructions to configure EMR for Fusion.

Figure 40. EMR Client - install
Select to Place files, followed by Confirm. This will automatically generate configuration scripts for your AWS cluster and place the scripts into the S3 bucket assigned during the Fusion installation.

wdfusioninstall

The folder created to contain the files.

EMR_config_JSON

The JSON file containing EMR configuration.

emrFusionClientScript.sh

The script Fusion has generated to install clients.

fusion-hcfs-emr rpm

(Note: The version number may vary.) This file is used by the emrFusionClientScript.sh script. It contains the Fusion clients.
Proceed to create the Amazon EMR cluster but ensure that Go to advanced options is selected.

In most cases, you will run with the same settings that would apply without WANdisco Fusion in place, but note the steps required after this.
In Step 1: Software and Steps, ensure to change the following configuration.
Edit software settings
Load JSON from S3

Enter the absolute path to the EMR_config_JSON file in the S3 bucket assigned to Fusion.

Example

s3://fusion_install/wdfusioninstall/EMR_config_JSON
In Step 3: General Cluster Settings, ensure to add the following configuration.

Bootstrap Actions

Add Bootstrap action

Select Custom action from the drop-down list, and then Configure and add.
For the Script location field, navigate to the emrFusionClientScript.sh script, generated by Fusion detailed in an earlier step.

Example
```
s3://fusion_install/wdfusioninstall/emrFusionClientScript.sh
```
Leave the Optional arguments field empty and select Add.
Finally, click the Create cluster button to complete the AWS setup.

5.2.9. Installing the Fusion client on an existing Amazon Elastic MapReduce (EMR) cluster

Please be aware of the following considerations/limitations when deploying the Fusion client on an existing EMR cluster (rather than a new one).

No autoscaling: This is because installing WANdisco Fusion into an existing cluster will not benefit from AWS’s auto-scaling feature.
Manual core-site change: The configuration changes that you make to the core-site.xml file will not be included in automatically generated cluster nodes. As the cluster automatically grows, you will have to follow up by manually distributing the client configuration changes.

Additional steps when deploying on an existing EMR cluster

Install the Fusion client (the one for EMR) on each node and after scaling, modify the core-site.xml file with the following:

Example

<property>
  <name>fs.fusion.underlyingFs</name>
  <value>s3://YOUR-S3-URL/</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>fs.fusion.server</name>
  <value>FUSION-HOSTNAME:8023</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>fs.fusion.impl</name>
  <value>com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHcfs</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>fs.AbstractFileSystem.fusion.impl</name>
  <value>com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionAbstractFs</value>
</property>

fs.fusion.underlyingFs: The address of the underlying filesystem. In the case of Elastic MapReduce FS, the fs.defaultFS points to a local HDFS built on the instance storage which is temporary, with persistent data being stored in S3. Example: s3://wandisco.
fs.fusion.server: The hostname and request port of the Fusion server. Comma-separated list of $HOSTNAME:$PORT for multiple Fusion servers in the Zone.
fs.fusion.impl: The FileSystem implementation to be used for the fusion:/// URI scheme. See the Hadoop File System Configuration section for more detailed information.
fs.AbstractFileSystem.fusion.impl: The abstract filesystem implementation to be used. See General settings (core-site.xml) for further explanation.

5.3. Microsoft Azure Installation

This section covers how WANdisco Fusion can be used with Microsoft’s Cloud platform.

WANdisco Fusion supports the following storage types:
Azure Data Lake Storage Gen1 (ADLS Gen1)
Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 (ADLS Gen2)
Azure Blob Storage (WASB)

See the Knowledge base for detailed steps on how to Install the Fusion Client on an HDInsight (HDI) cluster.

5.3.1. Limitations and considerations

HDI 4.0 does not support ADLS Gen1 or WASB

WANdisco Fusion and HDI 4.0 will only work for ADLS Gen2. However replicating from a ADLS Gen2/HDI 4.0 cluster to a ADLS Gen1/non-4.0 HDI cluster is supported.

HDI 4.0 should not be used with ADLS Gen1 - this is a Microsoft limitation. For WASB, use Fusion and HDI 3.6.

Secure transfers

If secure transfers are enabled in Azure then you must change the WASB scheme to WASBS in the following properties in /etc/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml:

Before:

fs.fusion.underlyingFs
wasb://container@storage.blob.core.windows.net

fs.defaultFS
wasb://container@storage.blob.core.windows.net

After:

fs.fusion.underlyingFs
wasbs://container@storage.blob.core.windows.net

fs.defaultFS
wasbs://container@storage.blob.core.windows.net

See the core-site.xml properties section for more information on these properties.

Owner access required for ADLS Gen1 storage accounts

WANdisco Fusion requires that the Active Directory app is configured to run with owner-level service principals. To confirm you are the owner, open the Data Lake store account in the Azure portal and click on Access Control (IAM). Your service principal should show up on the list with the role set as "Owner".

As the Fusion Server now has owner-level service principals, any operation delegated to it by the client will be permitted. The Fusion Client performs some basic client-side access checks to ensure the client is permitted to do the operation before sending requests to the server. No checks can be done on the server side, however, as the Server uses its own service principals.

Managed Identities - role requirements for ADLS Gen2 storage accounts

If you wish to use Managed Identities with Fusion to connect to your ADLS Gen2 storage account, certain roles are required:

Storage Account Contributor
Storage Blob Data Owner

Ensure these are assigned to the relevant storage account. This assigns permissions needed for Fusion to read and write into the storage.

If you do not use managed identities, access keys can be used with the standard UI installation method.

Additional core-site properties for ADLS-ADLS replication

If using ADLS to ADLS replication, and you want Consistency Checks to include the user/group and permission of files, then two core-site properties need to be added and set to true.

/etc/wandisco/fusion/server/core-site.xml

fusion.check.ownerAndGroup=true
fusion.check.permission=true

/etc/wandisco/fusion/ihc/server/<hdi-version>/core-site.xml

fusion.check.ownerAndGroup=true
fusion.check.permission=true

See the Consistency Check and Bypass settings (core-site) section for more information on these properties.

Service principal user and group

For ADLS, information about the service principal is needed. The directory this information is obtained from is set by fusion.adl.ugi.check.path.
See the Azure Configuration section for more information on this property.

5.3.2. Installation procedure in Azure

Installation of WANdisco Fusion in Azure follows a very similar process to the standard WANdisco Fusion installation.

As part of any Fusion install, please ensure that all pre-requisites are met prior to running the installer. See Pre-requisites Checklist and Cloud Deployment Guide for details.

CLI

The first part of the installation is CLI based. Follow the steps in the Initial installation via the terminal section to do this.

You will need to use a HDI specific installer, for example, fusion-ui-server-hdi_<OS-version>_installer.sh.

Note the differences below when you have reached the specify the appropriate platform option:

Please specify the appropriate platform from the list below:

[0] hdi-3.6 Data Lake Store
[1] hdi-3.6 Data Lake Store Gen 2
[2] hdi-3.6
[3] hdi-4.0 Data Lake Store
[4] hdi-4.0 Data Lake Store Gen 2
[5] hdi-4.0

Which WANdisco Fusion platform do you wish to use?

Select the appropriate HDI version and the appropriate storage platform:

WASB: hdi-<version>
ADLS Gen1: hdi-<version> Data Lake Store
ADLS Gen2: hdi-<version> Data Lake Store Gen 2

UI

The next section of the installer is browser based. For this, follow the steps in the Browser-based configuration of WANdisco Fusion section. All steps are the same for Azure installation except for some additional fields which need to be completed on page 5 of the installer. The options will depend on the storage type chosen. See below for your relevant set up.

Azure storage (WASB)

Figure 41. Azure install - WASB

Primary (KEY1) Access Key: When you create a storage account, Azure generates two 512-bit storage access keys, which are used for authentication when the storage account is accessed. By providing two storage access keys, Azure enables you to regenerate the keys with no interruption to your storage service or access to that service. The Primary Access Key is now referred to as Key1 in Microsoft’s documentation. You can get the KEY from the Microsoft Azure storage account.
This can be changed on the UI Settings page after installation.

WASB storage URI: This needs to be in the format wasb[s]://<containername>@<accountname>.blob.core.windows.net

Validation then checks that:

the URI is in the correct format
it is possible for WANdisco Fusion to read from the Blob store
it is possible for WANdisco Fusion to write data to the Blob store

ADLS Gen1

Figure 42. Azure install - ADLS Gen1

ADL store URI

Path of the ADLS account to synchronize with. This must be in the format adl://<path to storage>.

Mount Point

The file path in the ADLS file system for Fusion to use as root. This will need to match your HDI cluster if you wish to use HDI to replicate your data out of ADLS.
For example / or /cluster/example.

The mount point must be correct at installation if matching a HDI cluster.

You must enter the correct mount point here, changing it after installation may not be possible. The mount point needs to match between your Fusion Server(s) and HDI cluster.

Client ID

The full client ID of the Active Directory credential you wish to use with Fusion.

Credential

The authentication key of the Active Directory credential you wish to use with Fusion.

Refresh Token URL: This needs to be in the format https://login.microsoftonline.com/<id>/oauth2/token.
Note: If you are intending to enable SSL on the Fusion core/IHC, then the Root CA of the above URL (login.microsoftonline.com) must be included inside of the Keystore that the Fusion Server will be using.
Service Principal Name: The service principal name (SPN) to be used to authenticate with the Azure Data Lake Store (ADLS). This must be set as an owner of the ADLS.

Validation then checks:

ADLS URI is in a valid format.
Refresh Token URL is in a valid format.
Whether the ADLS is accessible.
Whether Fusion can read from the store.
Whether Fusion can write data to the store.

ADLS Gen2 with Access Keys

Figure 43. Azure install - ADLS Gen2

Container: The blob container that should be used.
Account name: The name of the ADLS Gen2 storage account.
KEY1 Access Key: When you create a storage account, Azure generates two 512-bit storage access keys, which are used for authentication when the storage account is accessed. By providing two storage access keys, Azure enables you to regenerate the keys with no interruption to your storage service or access to that service. The Primary Access Key is now referred to as Key1 in Microsoft’s documentation. You can get the KEY from the Microsoft Azure storage account.
This can be changed on the UI Settings page after installation.
Use SSL: Enable if the connection to the storage is to be SSL encrypted.

ADLS Gen2 with Managed Identities

Using ADLS Gen2 and managed identities with Fusion is possible, but will require manual configuration.

Please contact WANdisco support for assitance with this option.

5.4. Google Cloud Installation

WANdisco’s Fusion can be installed on Google Cloud, enabling you to replicate on-premises data over to the Google Cloud Platform.

As well as using WANdisco Fusion with the Cloud Platform, you can also integrate it with Cloud Dataproc, Google’s cloud service for running Hadoop clusters.

This section takes you through how to install WANdisco Fusion on the Google Cloud Platform and then how to integrate it to Dataproc.

5.4.1. Connect WANdisco Fusion with your Google Cloud Storage

To use WANdisco Fusion with the Google Cloud Platform you first need to set up a VM. This guide assumes that you are already using Google Cloud and so have Bucket storage already set up. For more information see Google’s documentation.

Log in to the Google Cloud Platform. Under VM instances in the Compute Engine section, click Create instance.

Figure 44. VM Instances
Set up suitable specifications for the VM.

Figure 45. Create an instance

Machine type

2vCPUs recommended for evaluation.

Boot disk

Click on the Change button and select Centos 7.

Increase Boot disk size

Ensure that the boot disk size is sufficient.

Figure 46. Boot disk info

Identity and API access

Select 'Allow full access to all Cloud APIs'

Firewall

Enable publicly available HTTP and HTTPS.
Expand the Management, disks, networking, SSH keys section and complete the following sections:
Management
On the Management tab, scroll to the Metadata section:
Specify the key, in this case startup-script-url

Add the value. This is the URL to the install script, the version number will need updating accordingly.
For 2.15.1 - https://storage.googleapis.com/wandisco-public-files/2.15.1/installScript.sh

Figure 47. Metadata - install script

Networking

Select your Google Network VPC from the dropdown list and press Done.

Figure 48. Network
Click Create to create your VM instance.
When the instance is complete a green tick will appear on the VM Instances list.

Figure 49. Network
Take note of the IP address of the instance. You will need this in the next step to access the UI for the WANdisco Fusion installer. Your network configuration will determine if you need to use the internal or external IP.

5.4.2. Installation of WANdisco Fusion for use with Google Cloud

Now you have created a VM on Google Cloud Platform you need to install WANdisco Fusion at your on-premises location.

To do this, open a browser and go to http://your-server-IP:8083/ to access the UI for your installer - this the IP noted in the previous step. Now follow the steps in the On premises installation section. When installing for use with Google Cloud, different information is required at step 5 in the installer compared to the standard installation. These additional fields are highlighted below:

Figure 50. Step 5 - Zone information (Google Cloud deployment)

Google Bucket Name: The name of the Google storage bucket that will be replicated. This field will auto-fill with the name given in the Google Cloud Platform set up.
Google Project ID: The Google Project associated with the deployment. This field should auto-fill.

The following validation is completed against the settings:

Valid Bucket Name: Checks the provided bucket matches with an actual bucket on the platform.

Bucket Readable: Checks the bucket can be read by WANdisco Fusion.

Bucket writable: Checks the provided bucket can be written to by WANdisco Fusion.

Also, as there are no clients to install for this Cloud Platform you can skip step 7 of the installer.

For more information about completing cloud or hybrid deployments, see the Cloud Deployment Guide.

5.4.3. Cloud Dataproc

This section goes through how to integrate your on Cloud WANdisco Fusion node with Dataproc. Familiarity with how to use Google Cloud and Dataproc is assumed - visit the Google documentation on Dataproc if you need more information.

Prerequisites

Before you can use WANdisco Fusion with Dataproc you must first have:

A Fusion VM on the Google Cloud Platform - see the Connect WANdisco Fusion with your Google Cloud Storage for how to set this up.
- You need to know the bucket name this node is synced with.
Access to create a storage account in Google.

Setting up Dataproc

Download installClient.sh and complete the following properties at the top of the script. The rest of the script should not be altered.
- GS_BUCKET_NAME= the name of the bucket your Fusion VM is synced with.
- FUSION_NODE_IP= the IP address of your Fusion node.
  
  This completed script needs to be accessible to your Dataproc cluster.
Now upload the script to your bucket. You can do this on the Google Cloud Platform UI in the Storage section.

Figure 51. Upload script to bucket - Dataproc

Take note of the internal link of this script e.g. gs://yourbucket/installClient.sh, you will need this later.
You now need to create a Dataproc cluster. To do this click on Dataproc in the Google Cloud Platform UI menu and then Create cluster.

Figure 52. Create cluster - Dataproc
Choose a name for your cluster and fill out all the fields required for your set up.

Figure 53. Create cluster info - Dataproc
Click Preemptible workers, bucket, network, version, initialization & access options to reveal more options.

Figure 54. Create cluster info - Dataproc

Fill in the following information:

Network

Select your network from the drop down

Image Version

Select the version you are using - this will either be 1.0 or 1.1.

Initialization actions

The internal link to the completed installClient.sh in your bucket.

Then click Create.
Congratulations! You have integrated your WANdisco Fusion node with Dataproc.

5.4.4. Networking Guide for WANdisco Fusion Google Cloud

Setting up suitable network connectivity between your WANdisco Fusion zones using your Google Cloud private network system can be difficult to understand and implement if you’re not very familiar with the networking part of the Google Cloud platform. This section of the appendix will give you all the information you need to make the best choices and right configuration for setting up network connectivity between your on-premises and Google Cloud environments.

WANdisco Fusion makes the replication of your on-premises data to Google cloud simple and efficient. It relies on network connectivity between the two environments, and because a typical on-premises data store will reside behind your firewall, you will need to plan the right approach for that connection.

The following sections give information on the requirements that your solution will need to meet, along with options for establishing communication between the environments. You can choose among those options, and perform simple testing to ensure that the configured solution meets all your needs for data replication with WANdisco Fusion.

See the Cloud Deployment Guide for more information about setting up connections between cloud and on-premises WANdisco Fusion servers.

5.5. S3 Installation

WANdisco Fusion can be installed for use with S3, and S3 compatible platforms, enabling you to replicate data to cloud object storage.

5.5.1. Prerequisites for S3

See the Prerequisites Checklist for information about what is required for a WANdisco Fusion set up.

There is also more information on, for example, networking in the Cloud Deployment Guide.

If you wish to use Access and Secret keys, you may need to set up an AWS profile on the command line, see Setting up AWS profiles for guidance.

You can also read Amazon’s documentation about Getting your Access Key ID and Secret Access Key.

5.5.2. Installation of Fusion for use with S3 compatible storage

Installing WANdisco Fusion for use with S3 compatible storage follows a very similar process to the standard installation.

CLI

The first part of the installation is CLI based. Follow the steps in the Initial installation via the terminal section to do this.

You will need to use a S3 specific installer, for example, fusion-ui-server-s3_<OS-version>_installer.<fusion-version>.sh.

Note the differences below when you have reached the specify the appropriate platform option:

Please specify the appropriate platform from the list below:

[0] all s3 versions

Which WANdisco Fusion platform do you wish to use?

Select the only option available in this case to continue.

UI

The next section of the installer is browser based. For this, follow the steps in the Browser-based configuration of WANdisco Fusion section. All steps are the same for S3 installation except for some additional fields which need to be completed on page 5 of the installer.

Figure 55. Amazon install - S3

Bucket Name: The name of the S3 Bucket that will connect to Fusion.
Bucket Region Endpoint: The endpoint Fusion should use to make requests to the S3 bucket. Set a local one to your region to reduce latency. Note that there are additional factors to account for before accepting the default value. IAM credentials may require that you use a region-specific endpoint to access S3, or there may be higher running costs associated with cross-region data transfer. See Amazon’s documentation for more information.
Bucket Region: The region in which your bucket was created.
Use Path based access: Enables the path style URL format for S3 buckets, see Amazon’s documentation examples for guidance if you are unsure.
Force V2 Auth Signing for S3: Older S3-compatible platforms may require Version 2 Authentication, and this can be enabled by checking the box. See Amazon’s documentation for further information.
Segment Size: The object size at which to split large objects into segments. Must be between 5MB and 5120MB (default is 128MB).
Buffer Directory: The directory used by the IHC Server for writing files locally before being uploaded to S3. Default is /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/tmp.
This is required as data is not directly streamed into S3. The data stored in the buffer directory will be automatically cleaned up after ingest into S3 is complete.
Use access key and secret key: If you are using access key and secret key then additional fields are required. See the Use access key and secret key section below for more information on this. These settings can also be updated on the Settings tab in the UI after installation. This section is targeted at customers using Amazon S3 and so modifications may be needed depending on your specific type of S3.

Use access key and secret key

Access and secret keys are used by many S3 compatible storages. Tick this checkbox if the system user does not have authority to access the S3 storage system by, for example, insufficient IAM role permissions.

This option will reveal additional entry fields:

Access Key Id: This is your Access ID token for the service to use to communicate with the account. Validation tests that there is a provided value, along with a valid secret key.

Secret Key: The secret key token for the service to use to communicate with the account. It is used in conjunction with your Access Key ID to sign programmatic requests that are sent to your S3 storage.

Credentials File Path (Optional): File containing the access and secret key, must be the absolute path to the file. Default is $HOME/.aws/Credentials, $HOME being the Fusion system user’s home directory (the system user for Fusion was set during the CLI phase).
Validation checks that the credentials file is accessible.

Profile: Select the profile associated with the Access/Secret key for the bucket. Credential profiles allow you to share multiple sets of security credentials between different tools like the AWS SDK for Java and the AWS CLI.

Click Validate to once all details are entered.

Configuration for S3

Once installation is complete, please see the S3A section in the Installing into Amazon S3 section for more information on additional S3A properties that may need consideration.

You can also configure some properties on the Settings tab in the UI. These include:

The S3 Credentials - see Use access key and secret key.
S3 Settings (specifically throttle settings)

Figure 56. S3 Throttle Settings

Retry before throttling: This toggles the throttling of the Amazon HTTP retries on and off.
Maximum number of retries: The maximum number of consecutive retries before throttling kicks in. The default is zero.

You can also adjust the Segment Size and Buffer Directory, which were defined during the UI phase of the installation.

HttpClient Timeout and stale connections

The AWS S3 client has configurable properties for the number of transfer threads and HTTP connections it can use in parallel. The default settings are relatively low and may result in timeout exceptions. These core-site.xml properties are:

fs.s3a.threads.max: The total number of threads available in the filesystem for data uploads or any other queued filesystem operation (Default:10).
fs.s3a.connection.maximum: The maximum number of HTTP(S) sockets that the S3 client can open at any time (Default:50).

<property>
  <name>fs.s3a.threads.max</name>
  <value>20</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>fs.s3a.connection.maximum</name>
  <value>50</value>
</property>

Increasing these should be considered if you wish to improve throughput or you start seeing HttpClient Timeout or stale connection errors in the logs. Read the following Amazon documentation for further details.

5.6. Swift Installation

5.6.1. Installing into Openstack Swift storage

This section runs through the installation of WANdisco Fusion into an Openstack environment using Swift storage. We use Bluemix, the IBM cloud managed Swift solution, as an example but other implementations are available.
Currently this deployment is limited to an active-passive configuration that would be used to ingest data from your on-premises cluster to your Swift storage.

5.6.2. Pre-requisites

Before you begin an installation you need to have a Bluemix (or equivalent) account with container(s) set up. This guide runs through installing WANdisco Fusion and using it with Bluemix, but not how to set up Bluemix.

Make sure that you have the following directories created and suitably permissioned. Examples:

Important!
For installations to Swift storage, we currently only support Keystone 3.0.

5.6.3. Overview

The installation process runs through the following steps:

On-premises installation - installing a WANdisco Fusion node on your cluster
Setting up replication - Configure the nodes to ingest data from the on-premises cluster to the OpenStack Swift storage.
Silent Installation - Notes on automating the installation process.
Parallel Repairs - Running initial repairs in parallel.

5.6.4. Installation of WANdisco Fusion for use with Swift

To install WANdisco Fusion for Swift follow the steps in the On-premises installation guide. There a few differences when using Swift compared to the standard installation and these are highlighted below.

Make sure that you use a Swift specific installer, for example fusion-ui-server-swt_rpm_installer.sh.

Step 5 in the installer requires additional information compared to the standard installation. These additional fields are highlighted below:

Figure 57. Swift Install Information

Some of the required information can be gathered from the Bluemix UI (or other Swift Implementation), in the Service Credentials section:

Figure 58. Bluemix Credentials

User ID: The unique ID for the Bluemix/Swift user.
Password: The password for the Bluemix/Swift user.

Swift password changes
During installation, the Bluemix/Swift password is encrypted for use with WANdisco Fusion. This process doesn’t require any further interaction except for the case where the Swift password is changed. If you change your Swift password you need to do the following:

Open a terminal to the WANdisco Fusion node and navigate to /opt/wandisco/fusion/tools/bin.

Run the following script:

./encrypt-password.sh
  Please enter the password to be encrypted

Enter your Bluemix/Swift password and press return:

> password
eCefUDtgyYczh3wtX2DgKAvXOpWAQr5clfhXSm7lSMZOwLfhG9YdDflfkYIBb7psDg3SlHhY99QsHlmr+OBvNyzawROKTd/nbV5g+EdHtx/J3Ulyq3FPNs2xrulsbpvBb2gcRCeEt+A/4O9K3zb3LzBkiLeM17c4C7fcwcPAF0+6Aaoay3hug/P40tyIvfnVUkJryClkENRxgL6La8UooxaywaSTaac6g9TP9I8yH7vJLOeBv4UBpkm6/LdiwrCgKQ6mlwoXVU4WtxLgs4UKSgoNGnx5t8RbVwlrMLIHf/1MFbkOmsCdij0eLAN8qGRlLuo4B4Ehr0mIoFu3DWKuDw==
[ec2-user@ip-172-29-0-158 server]$

Place the re-encrypted password in *core-site.xml* and *application.properties*.

Auth URL: The URL required for authenticating against Swift.
Swift Container Name: The name of the Swift storage container that Fusion will be connecting to.
Project Id: The Bluemix project ID.
Domain Name: The Swift Domain Name.
Segment Container: The name of the Segment container. The Segment container is used where large files break Swift’s 5GB limit for object size. Objects that exceed 5GB are broken into segments and get stored in here.
Region: The Swift Object Storage Region. Not to be confused with the Bluemix region.

Once you have entered this information click Validate.
The following Swift properties are validated:

Authorization URL reachable: Can you reach the keystone v3.0 authorization URL

Account valid: The installer checks that the Swift account details are valid. If the validation fails, you should recheck your Swift account credentials.

Container valid: The installer confirms that a container with the provided details exists. If the validation fails, check that you have provided the right container name.

Container readable: The container is checked to confirm that it can be read. If the validation fails, check the permissions on the container.

Container writable: The container is checked to confirm that the container can be written to. If the validation fails, check the permissions on the container.

The installer checks that the Swift account details are valid for accessing the segment container. If the validation fails, you should recheck your Swift account credentials.

Segment Container valid: The installer confirms that a segment container with the provided details exists. If the validation fails, check that you have provided the right segment container name.

Segment Container readable: The container is checked to confirm that it can be read. If the validation fails, check the permissions on the segment container.

Segment Container writable: The container is checked to confirm that the container can be written to. If the validation fails, check the permissions on the segment container.

Segment Account writable: The Account is checked to confirm that it can be written to. If the validation fails, check the permissions on the segment account.

In step 7 of the UI installer there are no clients to install so you can skip this step. The step is reserved for deployments where HDFS clients need to be installed.

For more information about the network configuration required for cloud or hybrid deployments, see the Cloud Deployment Guide.

5.6.5. Swift Silent Installation

You can complete a Swift installation using the Silent Installation procedure, putting the necessary configuration in the swift_silent_installer.properties and swift_silent_installer_env.sh as described in the section that covers Silent Installation.

Swift-specific settings

The following environment variables required for Swift deployments.

In the swift_silent_installer.properties:

###############################
# Swift Configuration
###############################

#Swift installation mode
# REQUIRED for Swift Installations. Defaults to false
swift.installation.mode=true

#The Swift container name to use
# REQUIRED for Swift installations.
swift.containerName=

#The Swift userID to use to use
# REQUIRED for Swift installations.
swift.userID=

#The Swift password to use
# REQUIRED for Swift installations.
swift.password=

#Use HTTPS with the swift auth url
# REQUIRED for Swift installations.
swift.useHttps=false

#The Swift fully qualified domain name to use for authenticating access to the storage
# REQUIRED for Swift installations.
swift.auth.url=

# The Swift domain name to use
# REQUIRED, for Swift installations.
swift.domainName=

# The Swift project id to use
# REQUIRED, for Swift installations.
swift.projectId=

# The Swift file segment container to use
# REQUIRED, for Swift installations.
swift.segment.container=

# The Swift region to use
# OPTIONAL for Swift installations.
# swift.region

# The Swift buffer directory to use
# OPTIONAL for Swift installations, defaults to /tmp.
# swift.buffer.dir=

# The Swift  to use
# OPTIONAL for Swift installations, defaults to 5368709120 bytes, max 5368709120.
# swift.segment.size=

###############################
# Management Endpoint section
###############################

#The type of Management Endpoint.
management.endpoint.type=UNMANAGED_SWIFT

In the swift_silent_installer_env.sh:

FUSIONUI_INTERNALLY_MANAGED_USERNAME
FUSIONUI_INTERNALLY_MANAGED_PASSWORD
FUSIONUI_FUSION_BACKEND_CHOICE
FUSIONUI_USER
FUSIONUI_GROUP
SILENT_PROPERTIES_PATH

Example Installation

As an example (as root), running on the installer moved to /tmp.

# If necessary download the latest installer and make the script executable
 chmod +x /tmp/installer.sh
# You can reference an original path to the license directly in the silent properties but note the requirement for being in a location that is (or can be made) readable for the $FUSIONUI_USER
# The following is partly for convenience in the rest of the script
cp /path/to/valid/license.key /tmp/license.key

# Create a file to encapsulate the required environmental variables:
cat <<EOF> /tmp/swift_silent_installer_env.sh
export FUSIONUI_MANAGER_TYPE=UNMANAGED_SWIFT
export FUSIONUI_INTERNALLY_MANAGED_USERNAME=admin
export FUSIONUI_FUSION_BACKEND_CHOICE=
export FUSIONUI_USER=hdfs
export FUSIONUI_GROUP=hdfs
export SILENT_PROPERTIES_PATH=/tmp/swift_silent.properties
export FUSIONUI_INTERNALLY_MANAGED_PASSWORD=admin
EOF

 # Create a silent installer properties file - this must be in a location that is (or can be made) readable for the $FUSIONUI_USER:
cat <<EOF > /tmp/swift_silent_installer_env.sh
existing.zone.domain=
existing.zone.port=
license.file.path=/tmp/license.key
server.java.heap.max=4
ihc.server.java.heap.max=4
fusion.domain=my.s3bucket.fusion.host.name
fusion.server.dcone.port=6444
fusion.server.zone.name=twilight
swift.installation.mode=true
swift.container.name=container-name
induction.skip=false
induction.remote.node=my.other.fusion.host.name
induction.remote.port=8082
EOF

# If necessary, (when $FUSIONUI_GROUP is not the same as $FUSIONUI_USER and the group is not already created) create the $FUSIONUI_GROUP (the group that our various servers will be running as):
[[ "$FUSIONUI_GROUP" = "$FUSIONUI_USER" ]] || groupadd hadoop

#If necessary, create the $FUSIONUI_USER (the user that our various servers will be running as):
useradd hdfs

if [[ "$FUSIONUI_GROUP" = "$FUSIONUI_USER" ]]; then
  useradd $FUSIONUI_USER
else
  useradd -g $FUSIONUI_GROUP $FUSIONUI_USER
fi

# silent properties and the license key *must* be accessible to the created user as the silent installer is run by that user
chown hdfs:hdfs $FUSIONUI_USER:$FUSIONUI_GROUP /tmp/s3_silent.properties /tmp/license.key

# Give s3_env.sh executable permissions and run the script to populate the environment
. /tmp/s3_env.sh

# If you want to make any final checks of the environment variables, the following command can help - sorted to make it easier to find variables!
env | sort

# Run installer:
/tmp/installer.sh

5.6.6. How Swift handles large files

Swift containers can appear to have a file-size discrepancy, looking smaller than the sum of their stored files. The reason for this apparent discrepancy is given below.

Files that are smaller than the segment size of a container are, predictably, stored directly to the container - as would be expected. However, large files that are bigger than the container’s segment size are actually stored in a companion container that is used for segments and has the same name as the parent container with the suffix "_segments". Segmented files appear in the main container, although these are empty manifest objects that symlink to the segments that correspond to the file in question.

So, for measuring the actual volume of data stored in a Swift container, you must also take into account the size of the corresponding segment’s container.

Impact on Fusion replication

WANdisco Fusion uses the same rules when replicating to Swift, and so provides configuration parameters for the ContainerName, SegmentContainerName and Segment Size for files uploaded via replication. Clearly, decreasing segmentSize for a container could increase the apparent storage size discrepancy, as more file content is actually stored in the segment container.

5.7. Cloud Deployment Guide

The following section expands upon the various Cloud installation guides, providing information that will help with general issues.

5.7.1. Networking between on-premises and Cloud

Setting up suitable network connectivity between your WANdisco Fusion zones using your Cloud private network system can be difficult to understand and implement if you’re not very familiar with the networking part of the Cloud platform. This section will give you all the information you need to make the best choices and right configuration for setting up network connectivity between your on-premises and Cloud environments.

WANdisco Fusion makes the replication of your on-premises data to cloud simple and efficient. It relies on network connectivity between the two environments, and because a typical on-premises data store will reside behind your firewall, you will need to plan the right approach for connecting it to a cloud resource.

Networking in WANdisco Fusion

WANdisco Fusion is a distributed system, allowing multiple, separate storage systems to exchange data to replicate content. It includes a collection of services that communicate over the network, requiring the ability to establish and use TCP connections between one another.

WANdisco Fusion for Cloud environments includes components that are created and launched in a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). Your on-premises WANdisco Fusion components will need to establish connections with these VPC-resident services, and will also need to accept incoming connections from them.

You have many choices for how to establish connectivity between your on-premises environment and the Cloud-based Fusion node.

Regardless of your choice, you will need to ensure that your network connectivity meets the requirements defined in this document. For information from VPC connectivity options, please refer to documentation for you specific cloud platform, for example Using VPC Networks - Google or Amazon Virtual Private Cloud Connectivity Options.

Unidirectional Networking

WANdisco Fusion supports a feature that permits a switch in the direction of networking between the WANdisco Fusion server and remote IHC servers. By default, network connections are created outbound to any remote IHC servers during data transfer. To overcome difficulties in getting data back through your organization’s firewalls, it is possible to have Fusion wait for and re-use inbound connections.

Only turn on Inbound connection if you are sure that you need the open your network to traffic from the IHC servers on remote nodes.

Figure 59. Unidirectional networking diagram

5.7.2. Ports

The diagram below shows the Fusion services and the ports they expose, that are used to replicate content between an on-premises local file system and Google Cloud.

Figure 60. Cloud storage ports

Take careful note of the need for TCP connections to be established in both directions between the hosts on which the Fusion and IHC servers execute. You need to allow incoming and outgoing TCP connections on ports:

6444: Fusion port handles all co-ordination traffic that manages replication. It needs to be open between all WANdisco Fusion nodes. Nodes that are situated in zones that are external to the data center’s network will require unidirectional access through the firewall.
8023: Port used by WANdisco Fusion server to communicate with HCFS/HDFS clients. The port is generally only open to the local WANdisco Fusion server, however you must make sure that it is open to edge nodes.
8082: REST port is used by the WANdisco Fusion application for configuration and reporting, both internally and via REST API. The port needs to be open between all WANdisco Fusion nodes and any systems or scripts that interface with WANdisco Fusion through the REST API.
7000: 7000 range, (exact port is determined at installation time based on what ports are available), used for data transfer between Fusion Server and IHC servers. Must be accessible from all WANdisco Fusion nodes in the replicated system.
8083: Used to access the WANdisco Fusion Administration UI by end users (requires authentication), also used for inter-UI communication. This port should be accessible from all Fusion servers in the replicated system as well as visible to any part of the network where administrators require UI access.

6. Operation

6.1. Initial configuration

Once WANdisco Fusion has been installed on all Clusters/Zones, you can log in to the Fusion UI for each node. The first time you log in the username and password are those set during installation (the Fusion Administrator Configuration section). After this the cluster manager details can be used to log in.

If this is a Hadoop cluster installation, ensure that the cluster manager details are entered first (the Complete your settings banner should then appear).

The Fusion UI will highlight tasks in the Complete your settings banner that need to be completed prior to setting up replication between Zones.

Figure 61. Dashboard - Configure WANdisco Fusion

Amber warnings may also be displayed that recommend enabling additional features (such as Kerberos authentication for the Fusion Core Server).

6.1.1. Steps required before Live replication

Configure WANdisco Fusion by selecting the tasks or the specified section below on the Settings page.
These tasks will need to be carried out on each Fusion in the Zone.

For sections listed in this step, the Update option must be selected even if no changes have been made. The related task should disappear from the Complete your settings banner afterwards.
- Cluster Manager
  - The cluster manager details should be configured before any other task.
  - This must be completed on the first node in a zone before additional nodes can be added to the same zone.
- Fusion Connection
  - If enabling SSL (HTTPS) on the Fusion Core Server API, ensure that the Trust Store settings for the Fusion UI are updated to match those set for the Fusion Core. See the Enable SSL (HTTPS) for the Fusion UI section for details.
- Cluster Kerberos
  - Only required if Kerberos is enabled on the cluster.
- Fusion Kerberos
  - Enabling this feature is optional.
- Replication
  - Recommended action: Enable Replication Exchange Directory.
    Enable this feature before publishing settings for the first time. It provides information that can decrease operation latency and allow clients to detect if coordination has been disabled. See Replication Exchange Directory.
- File System Settings
  - This will not appear on the first node in a zone.
  - You are only required to click Update on this section within the UI.
- Client Bypass
  - Enabling this feature is optional, but recommended. It does not appear in the Complete your settings banner by default.
- MapR only: Ensure MapR Client Configuration and MapR Impersonation has been set up.
- LocalFileSystem only: Ensure the Additional property required for LocalFileSystem installations instructions have been actioned.
Distribute Packages.
Choose either option a or b depending on the URI Selection that was chosen for the Cluster/Zone.
1. NameNode Proxy with HDFS
  1. Publish settings via the Fusion UI so that the local Cluster’s core-site and Fusion properties are updated.
    
    Figure 62. Publish Your Changes
    
    Ensure that this is performed on all Fusion nodes in the local Zone.
    If you get the warning Failed To Publish Your Settings, see the Troubleshooting section.
  2. Cluster Interaction
    
    Choose one of the NameNode Proxy options within this section depending on platform.
2. Fusion Client (all other URI Selection options)
  1. Cluster Interaction
    
    Choose one of the Client Distribution options within this section depending on platform.
  2. Publish settings via the Fusion UI so that the local Cluster’s core-site and Fusion properties are updated.
    
    Figure 63. Publish Your Changes
    
    Ensure that this is performed on all Fusion nodes in the local Zone.
    If you get the warning Failed To Publish Your Settings, see the Troubleshooting section.

Restart local Cluster services.
A restart of local cluster services will now be required. This action is needed to activate the published configuration.

If using Cloudera, please ensure to Deploy Client Configuration before restarting services (or perform both simultaneously).

If installing NameNode Proxy on Cloudera, this step will have already been completed. The only additional requirement is to restart the Cloudera Management Service as it will show a stale configuration from installing the NameNode Proxy CSD file.

Restart Fusion services on all Fusion nodes in the Zone.
- This is required for the Fusion Server, the IHC Server will need to be started for the first time. These operations can be performed within the Fusion UI, select each node in turn on the Nodes tab.
- A restart of the Fusion UI service should be performed in a terminal session on the Fusion node.
  service fusion-ui-server restart
  If SSL has been enabled on the UI, please remember to adjust the URL to use the https prefix and the correct port (default is 8443).
Enable live replication on the cluster.
Choose either option a or b depending on the URI Selection that was chosen for the Cluster/Zone.
1. NameNode Proxy with HDFS
  1. If NameNode Proxy High Availability (HA) is required, proceed to the following sections depending on platform:
    
    Configuring NameNode Proxy for High Availability (HA) in Ambari
    
    Configuring NameNode Proxy for High Availability (HA) in Cloudera
  2. Read through the additional configuration section before proceeding to the next step.
    
    Additional configuration for NameNode Proxy
  3. Once complete (or if NameNode Proxy HA is not required), proceed to enablement section depending on platform:
    
    Enabling NameNode Proxy in Ambari
    
    Enabling NameNode Proxy in Cloudera
2. Fusion Client (all other URI Selection options)
  Most of the standard Hadoop applications will have automatically been configured to work with Fusion during install, but some may require manual changes (including any third party applications).
  - See the Working in the Hadoop ecosystem section for details.

Once all tasks have been completed, induction of the Fusion Zones will be required. See the Induction section for guidance.

After the ecosystem has been set up with at least two zones inducted together, replication rules can be created using the Fusion UI. Proceed to the Setting up Replication section for guidance on setting up rules.

6.1.2. Cluster Manager configuration

Configure the Cloudera or Ambari manager details, whichever is relevant to your set up.

If using Ambari, the WANdisco Fusion UI will only support local Ambari users (e.g. the default "admin" user).

Figure 64. Cloudera Manager Configuration

Figure 65. Ambari Configuration

Manager Host Name / IP

The FQDN for the server the manager is running on.

Port

The TCP port the manager is served from. The default is 7180 for Cloudera Manager and 8080 for Ambari.

Username

The username of the account that runs the manager. This account must have admin privileges on the Management endpoint.

Password

The password that corresponds with the above username.

Use SSL

Tick the SSL checkbox if your cluster manager’s hostname uses HTTPS. You will be prompted to update the Port if you enable SSL, update if required.

If using SSL, the Ambari/Cloudera server certificate needs to be added to the Fusion UI SSL TrustStore (see UI TrustStore Options for which option was selected). Example below:

Java keystore = /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/jre/lib/security/

Once you have entered the information, click Validate (see below for further elaboration). Once validated, select to Update.

The following aspects will be validated:

Cluster manager type

Validates connectivity with the cluster manager.

HDFS service state

Fusion validates that the HDFS service is running. If it is unable to confirm the HDFS state, a warning is given that will tell you to check the UI logs for possible errors. See the Logs section for more information.

HDFS service health

Fusion validates the overall health of the HDFS service. If the installer is unable to communicate with the HDFS service then you’re told to check the Fusion UI logs for any clues.
See the Logs section for more information.

HDFS service maintenance mode

Fusion looks to see if HDFS is currently in maintenance mode. Both Ambari and Cloudera support this feature. It is often when you need to make changes to your Hadoop configuration or hardware, as it will suppress alerts for a host, service, role or, if required, the entire cluster.
Fusion does not require maintenance mode to be off, this validation is simply to bring the state to your attention.

Fusion node as HDFS client

Validates that this Fusion node is a HDFS client.

6.1.3. Fusion Connection

The Fusion connection settings allows the enablement of SSL encryption between Fusion servers and IHC servers.

Figure 66. Fusion Server Settings - HTTP

Fusion HTTP Policy Type: Sets the policy for communication with the Fusion Core Server API.

Only HTTP - WANdisco Fusion will not use SSL encryption on its API traffic.
Only HTTPS - WANdisco Fusion will only use SSL encryption for API traffic.
Use HTTP and HTTPS - WANdisco Fusion will allow both encrypted and un-encrypted traffic.
Fusion HTTP Server Port: The TCP port used for standard HTTP traffic. Validation checks whether the port is free and that it can be bound.

If configuring Fusion for the first time, the Update button should be clicked if not enabling SSL.

If you are enabling SSL, follow the guidance in the Enable SSL for the WANdisco Fusion Server / IHC Server section.

6.1.4. Cluster Kerberos configuration

Enter the Kerberos details applicable to your environment.

Figure 67. Cluster Kerberos - Kerberos disabled

Kerberos disabled: When Kerberos is not enabled, this element will appear like the screenshot above.

Figure 68. Cluster Kerberos - Kerberos enabled

Kerberos enabled: When Kerberos is enabled, this element will appear like the screenshot above.
Configuration file path: The local file system path to the Kerberos krb5 configuration file. Normally installed in the /etc directory.
Keytab file path: The path to the Kerberos keytab file.
Handshake Token Directory: An optional entry. It defines what the root token directory should be for the Kerberos Token field. If left unset, by default, handshake tokens are created in the user’s working directories, e.g. /user/<username>/.

Click Validate. The Principal field will then become available as a drop-down list.

Principal: The unique identity to which Kerberos will assign authentication tickets.

Ensure the correct principal is selected. If the principal is changed, you will need to click Validate again.

Select Update once this is completed.

6.1.5. Fusion Kerberos configuration

Fusion provides an option to enable HTTP authentication on the Fusion Server API. The information in this section will provide guidance to enable this feature.

Figure 69. Fusion Kerberos - Kerberos disabled

Kerberos disabled: When Kerberos is not enabled, this element will appear like the screenshot above.

Figure 70. Fusion Kerberos - Kerberos enabled

Kerberos enabled: When Kerberos is enabled, this element will appear like the screenshot above.
Enable HTTP Authentication: Select to toggle whether HTTP authentication is enabled on the Fusion Server API.

The entries below will only appear if the checkbox is ticked.

Keytab file path: The path to the Kerberos keytab file that contains the HTTP principal.
Enable API Authorization: An optional entry. The Fusion server provides an authorization filter that is chained after the existing Kerberos authentication filter. This implementation makes use of the username supplied during authentication to check a list of users, stored in the application properties file and cluster core-site to decide if the action is authorized.

For details on how to configure users to be authorized to access the Fusion Server API, see the Configure users for Fusion API authorization section below.

Click Validate. Click Update once this is completed.

Configure users for Fusion API authorization

Once API Authorization is enabled in the Fusion Kerberos configuration, and Fusion settings have been published, users will need to be configured in two locations.

Fusion Servers

/etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties

HDFS configuration

core-site.xml

The default properties and values specific to API authorization are listed below.

fusion.http.authorization.authorized.proxies=
fusion.http.authorization.authorized.read.writers=fusionUISystem,<fusion_superuser>
fusion.http.authorization.authorized.readers=fusionUISystem

fusion.http.authorization.authorized.proxies

Users that are allowed to become proxies on behalf of other users. HTTP calls (e.g. PUT) would include a value for the header "proxy.user.name". The proxied user’s permissions will then be checked against authorized reads and read-writers.

fusion.http.authorization.authorized.read.writers

Users that are allowed to make read OR write calls (i.e. any type of HTTP request). The user will be able to probe the Fusion API and make coordinated requests such as consistency checks, repairs and status calls.

fusion.http.authorization.authorized.readers

Users that are allowed to make read calls ONLY (write calls are PATCH, POST, PUT, DELETE).

Add/remove any additional users to these properties in the HDFS configuration (core-site.xml) via the cluster manager. Ensure that the changes are saved.
Edit the /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties to add/remove the same changes to the properties listed above. Ensure that this step is performed on all Fusion servers in the Zone.
HDFS and dependent services will need to be restarted via the cluster manager to make these changes effective. It may be worth waiting until all additional changes have been published to the cluster manager before performing this.
On all Fusion servers in the Zone, run the following commands to restart the Fusion services:
```
service fusion-server restart
service fusion-ihc-server-<distro-version> restart
service fusion-ui-server restart
```
This will enable the user changes that have been made.

6.1.6. Replication settings

The following configuration options are available in the Replication section of the Settings tab.

Figure 71. Replication Settings

Support ACL Replication

Fusion can support ACL replication. For Hadoop Compatible File Systems, this option will default to true. If ACL replication is required on a different filesystem, you can enable ACL replication support by ticking this checkbox.

To support ACL replication, the dfs.namenode.acls.enabled property must exist and be set to true in the HDFS configuration of the local cluster. See Apache Hadoop ACLs (Access Control Lists) for more details on this property and its usage.

Enable ACL replication

Toggle to enable ACL replication. If ACL replication is enabled, then changes from both local and remote zones are executed. If disabled, only locally originated ACL modification commands are executed.

This is a zone setting, so is enabled for the whole zone on which you enable the option.
Regardless of the state of this setting, a HDFS client loading FusionHdfs will submit agreements for File ACL changes in HDFS (if it is on a replicated path and not-excluded).
While a local zone will always execute a locally generated ACL change, it will only be executed on other zones, if the ACL Replication checkbox is ticked.

When toggling ACL replication on or off, a manual restart of the Fusion Core Server and the Fusion IHC Server will be required. It is recommended to wait until all configuration changes have been made first, especially if configuring Fusion for the first time.
```
service fusion-server restart
service fusion-ihc-server-<distro-version> restart
```

Replication Exchange Directory

Location of a directory in the replicated filesystem to which the Fusion Server will write information about replicated directories for clients to read. It should be a non-replicated location, readable by all users and writable by the Fusion user. If the directory doesn’t exist, it will be automatically created during the next Fusion server restart.

Use replication exchange directory

Checkbox (unticked by default).

Path to exchange directory: Entry field for the path to the exchange directory. The entry field only appears if you tick the checkbox.

You will need to click Update if configuring Fusion for the first time or if you have edited the fields.

Enabling the replication exchange directory

Setting a replication exchange directory will trigger the following warning:

Changes to these settings require the manual restarting of the Fusion Core Server. You will also need to redistribute the client configurations.

If configuring Fusion for the first time, return to the Steps required before Live replication section to continue the guidance.

Otherwise, note the following steps required after configuring this feature.

HDFS and dependent services will need to be restarted via the cluster manager to make these changes effective.
On all Fusion servers in the Zone, run the following commands to restart the Fusion services:
```
service fusion-server restart
service fusion-ihc-server-<distro-version> restart
```
The Fusion services should be restarted once HDFS and dependent services have finished restarting.

6.1.7. Cluster Interaction

This section will be dependent on the URI Selection chosen during installation.

Figure 72. Cluster Interaction options

Fusion NameNode Proxy = NameNode Proxy with HDFS

See the following links for guidance depending on the platform:

NameNode Proxy - Hortonworks
NameNode Proxy - Cloudera

Fusion Client Library = All other URI Selection options

See the following links for guidance depending on the platform:

Client Distribution - Hortonworks
Client Distribution - Cloudera

NameNode Proxy - Hortonworks

After WANdisco Fusion has been successfully installed, you can proceed to distribute and then configure the NameNode Proxy (after having published Fusion configuration).

NameNode Proxy packages need to be distributed before configuration is possible. Follow the on screen steps to download the Stack packages.

Figure 73. CI: NameNode Proxy - Ambari
Download the compressed stack onto the Ambari Server.

Example
Right-click the Stack package and copy the link address to use in the command below:
```
wget <namenode_proxy_stack.tar.gz>
```
Stop the Ambari Server.
```
ambari-server stop
```
Install the NameNode Proxy mpack.

You must enter the absolute path to the stack package in single (') quotes.
```
ambari-server install-mpack --mpack='/path/to/<namenode_proxy_stack.tar.gz>'
```
Start the Ambari Server.
```
ambari-server start
```
Remove the compressed stack inside the services directory afterwards.
```
rm -f /path/to/<namenode_proxy_stack.tar.gz>
```
In the Ambari UI, select Services → Add Service → NameNode Proxy.

Press Next
Choose the hosts where you want to install NameNode Proxy Master and press Next. If requiring NameNode Proxy HA, ensure that two hosts are selected for the NameNode Proxy Master.

A common location for NameNode Proxy Master(s) is either the Fusion Servers or the Active/Standby NameNodes.
In the Customize Services page, configure any of the NameNode Proxy properties if required. These can be left as default values.

Once the properties have been configured, press Next to review your changes and deploy the installation.
After the installation process is complete, return to the Steps required before Live replication section for guidance on publishing configuration and restarting services.

Configuring NameNode Proxy for High Availability (HA) in Ambari

The method for implementing NameNode Proxy for HA in a HDFS environment is to create a new nameservice for the NameNode Proxies and point the applications to use this new nameservice.

The fs.defaultFS property will then need to be set to the nameservice assigned to the NameNode Proxies. This is done later in the Enabling NameNode Proxy in Ambari section.

Create a new nameservice for the NameNode Proxies

For this example, the following variables have been defined:

Existing nameservice = nameservice01
New nameservice = nnproxies
NameNode Proxy 1 unique identifier = nnproxy1
NameNode Proxy 2 unique identifier = nnproxy2

In Ambari, select HDFS → Configs → Search for Custom hdfs-site
Select to Add Property and use the Bulk property add mode option to add the following properties (ensure to edit them to suit your environment).
1. dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.nnproxies=org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider
  - This defines the failover Java class for the NameNode Proxy nameservice.
2. dfs.ha.namenodes.nnproxies=nnproxy1,nnproxy2
3. dfs.namenode.rpc-address.nnproxies.nnproxy1=<nnproxy1 address with port 8890>
4. dfs.namenode.rpc-address.nnproxies.nnproxy2=<nnproxy2 address with port 8890>
5. dfs.namenode.http-address.nnproxies.nnproxy1=<ambari-view-server1’s http-address>:50070
6. dfs.namenode.http-address.nnproxies.nnproxy2=<ambari-view-server2’s http-address>:50070
7. dfs.namenode.https-address.nnproxies.nnproxy1=<ambari-view-server1’s https-address>:50470
8. dfs.namenode.https-address.nnproxies.nnproxy2=<ambari-view-server2’s https-address>:50470
  - The http and https address properties are required to allow existing Ambari views to function.
9. If using HDP 3.0 or greater, you can randomize the NameNode Proxy order with the following property (HDFS-6648):
  - dfs.client.failover.random.order.nnproxies = true
Edit the following properties, or add them if they do not exist.
1. dfs.nameservice.id=nameservice01
  - This defines the real NameNodes to be used when resolving the addresses that belongs to the NameNodes.
2. dfs.internal.nameservices=nameservice01
  - This defines the NameNodes' nameservice to be used by internal services, such as Datanodes.
Continue with either option a or b depending on how you wish to proceed.
1. If wishing to enable NameNode Proxy immediately, proceed to the Enabling NameNode Proxy in Ambari section for guidance.
2. If not wanting to enable NameNode Proxy at this time, deploy all configurations and restart cluster services including NameNode Proxy. Please note that Live replication will not be possible until the steps in Enabling NameNode Proxy in Ambari are carried out.

Enabling NameNode Proxy in Ambari

In the Ambari UI, select HDFS → Configs → and Filter for the property fs.defaultFS.
Change the value of fs.defaultFS to point at either the NameNode Proxy host (default port is 8890) or NameNode Proxy HA nameservice depending on your environment.

Example for NameNode Proxy on single host
```
fs.defaultFS = <namenode_proxy_hostname>:<namenode_proxy_port>
```
Example for NameNode Proxy HA
```
fs.defaultFS = hdfs://<namenode_proxy_ha_nameservice>
```
Once all of the configuration changes are completed, it is necessary to restart services in the correct order.
Restart order
1. Deploy new HDFS Client configuration on all NameNode Proxy and Fusion Servers.
  To perform this task, the Refresh configs option can be used on individual hosts in the Ambari UI.
2. NameNode Proxy
  Restart the NameNode Proxy service in the Ambari UI.
3. Fusion services
  Restart the Fusion Server and IHC Server in either the Fusion UI or via a terminal on the Fusion nodes.
  
  Example for terminal commands
  service fusion-server restart service fusion-ihc-server-<distro-version> restart
4. HDFS and remaining cluster services.
  Perform the HDFS and remaining cluster service restarts in the Ambari UI.

NameNode Proxy - Cloudera

After WANdisco Fusion has been successfully installed, you can proceed to distribute and then configure the NameNode Proxy (after having published Fusion configuration).

NameNode Proxy packages need to be distributed before configuration is possible. Follow the on screen steps to download the Parcel/CSD packages.

Figure 74. CI: NameNode Proxy - Cloudera
Download the CSD file onto the Cloudera Management Server.

Example
Right-click the CSD file and copy the link address to use in the command below:
```
wget <NAMENODE_PROXY-CSD.jar>
```
Move the CSD file into the Cloudera CSD directory.

Example
```
mv /path/to/NAMENODE_PROXY-CSD.jar /opt/cloudera/csd/
```
Change the ownership of the CSD file so that it matches the system account that runs Cloudera Manager.
```
chown cloudera-scm:cloudera-scm /opt/cloudera/csd/NAMENODE_PROXY-CSD.jar
```
Download the compressed parcel onto the Cloudera Management Server.

Example
Right-click the NameNode Proxy Parcel and copy the link address to use in the command below:
```
wget <namenode_proxy.parcel>
```
Download the compressed parcel sha onto the Cloudera Management Server.

Example
Right-click the parcel sha file and copy the link address to use in the command below:
```
wget <namenode_proxy.parcel.sha>
```

Move the parcel and sha files into the Cloudera parcel directory.

Example

mv /path/to/<namenode_proxy.parcel> /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/
mv /path/to/<namenode_proxy.parcel.sha> /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/

Change the ownership of the parcel and sha file so that they match the system account that runs Cloudera Manager.
```
chown cloudera-scm:cloudera-scm /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/NAMENODE_PROXY-*.parcel*
```
Restart the Cloudera Manager.
```
service cloudera-scm-server restart
```
In the Cloudera UI, navigate to the Parcels screen.
Locate the NAMENODE_PROXY and click on the Distribute button to install from the parcel.
Once distributed, click on the Activate button to active from the parcel. Wait until activation is complete before continuing.
Restart HDFS and cluster services.
It is now necessary to deploy client configuration and restart cluster services via the Cloudera UI.
Once the service restarts are complete, on the Cloudera Manager Home page, select to Add Service.
Select the NameNode Proxy from the service list, and click Continue.
On the Assign Roles step, select hosts for the NameNode Proxy Server to be installed. If requiring NameNode Proxy HA, ensure that two hosts are assigned this role.

A common host(s) for NameNode Proxy Master(s) is either the Fusion Servers or the Active/Standby NameNodes.

There is no requirement to install a Gateway on any host, so this part can be ignored. Click Continue after assignment.

In the Review Changes step, the following properties will need to configured manually.

Key Description Value Example

zk-dt-secret-manager.zkConnectionString

A comma separated list of Zookeeper hosts and ports to connect to.

ZKHOST1:2181,ZKHOST2:2181,ZKHOST3:2181

zk-dt-secret-manager.zkAuthType

The authentication protocol used for messages sent to Zookeeper. May already be configured by default.

none,sasl

If the zk-dt-secret-manager.zkAuthType value is set to sasl, then the following two additional properties must be configured.

Key Description Value Example

zk-dt-secret-manager.kerberos.principal

The Kerberos service principal used to connect to Zookeeper. Only necessary if zkauthType is sasl.

hdfs@REALM.COM,hdfs/hostname@REALM.COM

zk-dt-secret-manager.kerberos.keytab

The absolute path for the Kerberos keytab with the credentials to connect to Zookeeper. Only necessary if zkauthType is sasl.

/etc/security/keytabs/nnproxy.keytab

Once the properties have been configured, press Continue to perform the test run. Click Continue once this has completed, and Finish on the Summary screen.

After the installation process is complete, return to the Steps required before Live replication section for guidance on publishing configuration and restarting services.

Configuring NameNode Proxy for High Availability (HA) in Cloudera

The method for implementing NameNode Proxy for HA in a HDFS environment is to create a new nameservice for the NameNode Proxies and point the applications to use this new nameservice.

The fs.defaultFS property will then need to be set to the nameservice assigned to the NameNode Proxies. This is done later in the Enabling NameNode Proxy in Cloudera section.

Create a new nameservice for the NameNode Proxies

For this example, the following variables have been defined:

Existing nameservice = nameservice01
New nameservice = nnproxies
NameNode Proxy 1 unique identifier = nnproxy1
NameNode Proxy 2 unique identifier = nnproxy2

In Cloudera, select HDFS → Configuration → Search for HDFS Service Advanced Configuration Snippet (Safety Valve) for hdfs-site.xml
Select to Add new properties (ensure to edit them to suit your environment).
1. dfs.nameservices = nameservice01,nnproxies
  - This defines two nameservices for this Hadoop cluster.
  - It will overwrite Cloudera Manager’s auto-set dfs.nameservices.
2. dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.nnproxies = org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider
  - This defines the failover Java class for the NameNode Proxy nameservice.
3. dfs.ha.namenodes.nnproxies = nnproxy1,nnproxy2
4. dfs.namenode.rpc-address.nnproxies.nnproxy1 = <nnproxy1 address with port 8890>
5. dfs.namenode.rpc-address.nnproxies.nnproxy2 = <nnproxy2 address with port 8890>
6. dfs.nameservice.id = nameservice01
  - This defines the real NameNodes to be used when resolving the addresses that belongs to the NameNodes.
7. dfs.internal.nameservices = nameservice01
  - This defines the NameNodes' nameservice to be used by internal services, such as Datanodes.
8. If using CDH 6.0 or greater, you can randomize the NameNode Proxy order with the following property (HDFS-6648):
  - dfs.client.failover.random.order.nnproxies = true
Repeat this process again except add the properties to HDFS Client Advanced Configuration Snippet (Safety Valve) for hdfs-site.xml instead.
Continue with either option a or b depending on how you wish to proceed.
1. If wishing to enable NameNode Proxy immediately, proceed to the Enabling NameNode Proxy in Cloudera section for guidance.
2. If not wanting to enable NameNode Proxy at this time, deploy all configurations and restart cluster services including NameNode Proxy. Please note that Live replication will not be possible until the steps in Enabling NameNode Proxy in Cloudera are carried out.

Enabling NameNode Proxy in Cloudera

In the Cloudera UI, select HDFS → Configuration → Search for the property fs.defaultFS.
If the property is not found, add the property to the Cluster-wide Advanced Configuration Snippet (Safety Valve) for core-site.xml section.
Set/change the value of fs.defaultFS to point at either the NameNode Proxy host (default port is 8890) or NameNode Proxy HA nameservice depending on your environment.

Example for NameNode Proxy on single host
```
fs.defaultFS = <namenode_proxy_hostname>:<namenode_proxy_port>
```
Example for NameNode Proxy HA
```
fs.defaultFS = hdfs://<namenode_proxy_ha_nameservice>
```
Once all of the configuration changes are completed, it is necessary to restart services in the correct order.
Restart order
1. Deploy new HDFS Client configuration on all NameNode Proxy and Fusion Servers.
  To perform this task, the Deploy Client Configuration option can be used for the HDFS service in Cloudera. This will deploy the new HDFS client configuration for all HDFS Gateway nodes. Cloudera does not yet provide an option to refresh service config for individual hosts.
2. NameNode Proxy
  Restart the NameNode Proxy service in the Cloudera UI.
3. Fusion services
  Restart the Fusion Server and IHC Server in either the Fusion UI or via a terminal on the Fusion nodes.
  
  Example for terminal commands
  service fusion-server restart service fusion-ihc-server-<distro-version> restart
4. HDFS and remaining cluster services.
  Perform the HDFS and remaining cluster service restarts in the Cloudera UI.

Client Distribution - Hortonworks

After WANdisco Fusion has been successfully installed, you can proceed to distribute and then configure the Fusion client.

Fusion client packages need to be distributed before configuration is possible. Client packages for this server are available from the Cluster Interaction section of the Settings tab.
Follow the on screen steps to download the Stack packages.

Figure 75. Ambari - Client Distribution
Open a terminal session to the location of your Stack repository, normally your Ambari Manager server. Ensure that you have suitable permissions for handling files.
Download the appropriate stack for your deployment.
Extract the Stack package and move it to your Ambari service directory. The service is a gz file (e.g. fusion-hdp-<your_version>.stack.tar.gz) that will expand to a directory called /FUSION.
First check for and remove existing /FUSION directories in /var/lib/ambari-server/resources/stacks/HDP/<hdp-version>/services, before placing in the new /FUSION directory. If you don’t clear out a pre-existing directory you might end up installing an outdated version of the client.
Restart the ambari-server
```
ambari-server restart
```
On the Ambari UI, after the server restarts, go to + Add Service.
Scroll down the Choose Services window to varify that WANdisco Fusion is present on the list Do not add the service here, instead go back to the Fusion Installer UI and follow the on screen instructions.
Click Deploy Stack.

If you are using HDP 3.x and Kerberos, you also have to enter your KDC admin credentials. Once details are entered, validate and deploy the stack.

Figure 76. Ambari - Client Distribution

Recovering from a stack deploy error
If the deploy stack action fails, see this Knowledge base article for more information - Recovering from a stack deploy error.
Return to the Steps required before Live replication section for guidance on publishing configuration and restarting services.

Using HttpFS

If you are using HttpFS, an extra step is required. Once the stack has been installed and HDFS has been restarted, the HttpFS service must also be restarted.

Client Distribution - Cloudera

After WANdisco Fusion has been successfully installed, you can proceed to distribute and then configure the Fusion client.

Fusion client packages need to be distributed before configuration is possible. Client packages for this server are available from the Cluster Interaction section of the Settings tab.
Follow the on screen steps to download the Parcel packages.

Figure 77. Parcel Download
Open a terminal session to the location of your parcels repository, normally your Cloudera Manager server. Ensure that you have suitable permissions for handling files.
Download the appropriate parcel and sha for your deployment.
Move the files into your Cloudera parcel directory, i.e.
```
mv FUSION-*.parcel* /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/
```
Change the ownership of the parcel and .sha files so that they match the system account that runs Cloudera Manager:
```
chown cloudera-scm:cloudera-scm FUSION-*.parcel*
```
Open Cloudera Manager and navigate to the Parcels screen by clicking on the Parcel icon.

Figure 78. Open Cloudera Manager
Click Check for New Parcels.

Figure 79. Check for new parcels
The WANdisco Fusion client package is now ready to distribute. Distribute and then Activate.
If you are running Impala, repeat this process for the Impala parcel (including sha) that is available to download from the on-screen links.
Return to the Steps required before Live replication section for guidance on publishing configuration and restarting services.

Using HttpFS

If you are using HttpFS, an extra step is required. Once the parcel has been installed and HDFS has been restarted, the HttpFS service must also be restarted.

6.1.8. Additional configuration for NameNode Proxy

If installing Fusion for the first time, remember to return to the Steps required before Live replication guidance after reading through the sections below.

Configuring NameNode Proxy with Live Hive

If Live Hive is installed or will be installed on the cluster, then additional configuration is required to ensure it will be integrated correctly with the NameNode Proxy service.

Please see the Live Hive and NameNode Proxy compatibility section in the Live Hive documentation for detailed steps.

Kerberos with NameNode Proxy

Kerberos properties and value examples are provided in this section.

When configuring NameNode Proxy as a managed service in a Hadoop cluster, the Kerberos values are entered during installation. These are stored in the /etc/wandisco/live-nn/proxy-site.xml filepath on the NameNode Proxy host.

If wanting to change these values, adjust them in the cluster manager. If the NameNode Proxy host is unmanaged, adjust them in the /etc/wandisco/live-nn/proxy-site.xml file.

If NameNode HA is enabled, Zookeeper details are required for delegation token management.

Key Description Value Example

npx.keytab

If not set, the dfs.namenode.keytab.file will be used.

/etc/security/keytabs/nnproxy.service.keytab

npx.principal

If not set, the dfs.namenode.kerberos.principal will be used.

nn/hostname@REALM.COM

npx.secret.manager.class

Delegation token store. Currently we only support Zookeeper based storage.

NpxZKDelegationTokenSecretManager.class

zk-dt-secret-manager.zkConnectionString

A comma separated list of Zookeeper hosts and ports to connect to.

HOST1:2181,HOST2:2181,HOST3:2181

zk-dt-secret-manager.zkAuthType

The authentication protocol used for messages sent to Zookeeper.

none,sasl

The npx.principal is the Kerberos identity that is used to authenticate the login to the NameNode Proxy. This property should be set to the same as the NameNode’s principal. If the NameNode’s principal changes, the NameNode Proxy’s principal should also change to match.

If the zk-dt-secret-manager.zkAuthType value is set to sasl then the following two additional properties must be added to the proxy-site.xml.

Key Description Value Example

zk-dt-secret-manager.kerberos.keytab

The absolute path for the Kerberos keytab with the credentials to connect to Zookeeper. Only necessary if zkAuthType is sasl.

/etc/security/keytabs/zk.service.keytab

zk-dt-secret-manager.kerberos.principal

The Kerberos service principal used to connect to Zookeeper. Only necessary if zkAuthType is sasl.

zookeeper/hostname@REALM.COM

An additional change for the Zookeeper configuration is also required when sasl is set for the zk-dt-secret-manager.zkAuthType property.

Key Description Value Example

CLIENT_JVMFLAGS

The principal user for the Kerberos keytab with the credentials to connect to Zookeeper.

-Dzookeeper.sasl.client.username=nn

The value example shown for CLIENT_JVMFLAGS in ZooKeeper should be appended to the current entry, as shown in the example below:

export CLIENT_JVMFLAGS="$CLIENT_JVMFLAGS -Djava.security.auth.login.config={{zk_client_jaas_file}} -Dzookeeper.sasl.client.username=nn"

Once you have added the above configurations, restart the NameNode Proxy (and Zookeeper service if required) using the cluster manager.

If the NameNode Proxy host is unmanaged, use the command below to restart the service:

service fusion-nn-proxy restart

Optimising performance

This section provides additional configuration properties that can be used to optimize the performance of NameNode Proxy.

Add the properties to the following locations depending on platform.

Ambari

NameNode Proxy → Configs → Custom nn-proxy-server-site

Cloudera

NameNode Proxy → Configuration → NameNode Proxy Server Advanced Configuration Snippet (Safety Valve) for proxy-site.xml (NameNode Proxy Server Default Group)

Property Name Description Default Value

npx.handler.count

The number of method handler threads to run. This is the number of threads running endlessly trying to fetch new RPC calls from a blocking queue on the RPC server and process them.

npx.reader.count

The number of reader threads to run. This is the number of threads running endlessly trying to read new RPC calls from connections and then putting them in to the blocking queue on the RPC server.

The NameNode Proxy service will need to be restarted afterwards to make the new configuration active.

Load Balancing

This configuration option has already been recommended in the Configuring NameNode Proxy HA sections (both Ambari and Cloudera), but is detailed here again for consideration.

Also note that it is only possible to implement this option if NameNode Proxy HA is configured.

The use of the dfs.client.failover.random.order.* property is only available in HDP 3 and CDH 6 onwards. If running a version lower than this, it is not possible to load balance the client requests using the method detailed below.
As such, proceed to the Fall-through section instead if running below HDP 3 and CDH 6.

When a client makes a request, the NameNode Proxy used can be randomised (if there is more than one). To configure this, set the following:

dfs.client.failover.random.order.<nnproxies-nameservice> = true

Once set, this configuration will help load balance client requests through any NameNode Proxy, rather than hitting the first NameNode Proxy host in the list.

It tells the clients that for the nameservice provided (<nnproxies-nameservice> in this example), the ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider class should randomize the hosts contained within the nameservice specified.

Additional notes

If the dfs.client.failover.random.order.* property is not present, the default value is false.
Ensure the <nnproxies-nameservice> example is replaced by your desired nameservice.
There is also a dfs.client.failover.random.order configuration that makes all nameservices use a random order. This is potentially too invasive for other nameservices, as such, it is not recommended for NameNode Proxy.
If all NameNode Proxies are shut down, a request from the client will fail. To prevent this, use the Fall-through mechanism detailed below.

There is an alternative to the ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider, which must not be used with the NameNode Proxy.
The RequestHedgingProxyProvider method (available in CDH 5.15.2/HDP 2.6.5 and above) may result in dual-execution of client requests as it implies all NameNode proxies are active. The standard use of this provider is for Active/Standby NameNodes, but as all NameNode proxies are technically active, this provider is not suitable.

Fall-through

Clients will try the NameNode Proxies in a deterministic order. This provides a failsafe if the NameNode Proxies were ever offline.

To configure the order, set the following:

dfs.client.failover.random.order.<nnproxies-nameservice> is set to false or is unset.
All configuration for <nnproxies-nameservice> contains all the NameNode Proxy hosts, followed by all the underlying NameNodes.
The downside of this configuration is that all client requests will be received by the same NameNode Proxy server (unless it is offline).

Known issue prior to Hadoop 2.9

HDFS-6648 is a bug where, prior to Hadoop 2.9, the configured list was not the order followed by ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider. This is due to the ordering by the hash value of the host names. Therefore, prior to Hadoop 2.9, we can’t reliably order the NameNode proxies/hosts via configuration.

Router Based Federation

Due to the scalability limits of NameNodes, a common solution is to partition the filesystem into subclusters (e.g., namespace partitions).

Hadoop 2.9 and above has support for Router Based Federation (RBF). Router Based Federation (RBF) is a unified view of multiple subclusters that are configured via mountables. A Hadoop client interacts with the Router, rather than NameNodes, and the Router delegates the calls to the correct subcluster. It does so by looking at the mount table, where you can map a path to a certain namespace. NameNode Proxy has support of being a RBF subcluster as depicted in the below diagram:

Figure 80. NameNode Proxy with Router Based Federation Subcluster

The above diagram shows that it is possible for NameNode Proxy to replicate the contents of the HDFS Cluster 1 subcluster, while ignoring HDFS Cluster 2 and 3.

To enable this, the following configuration changes are required:

This example uses the following variables:

NameNode Proxy nameservice = nnproxies
NameNode Proxy 1 unique identifier = nnproxy1
NameNode Proxy 2 unique identifier = nnproxy2
NameNode nameservice = nameservice01

Please adjust according to your environment.

Add or edit the following properties in hdfs-site.xml via your Ambari Manager or Cloudera Manager.
- Property = dfs.namenode.rpc-address.nnproxies.nnproxy1
  Description = RPC address of first NameNode Proxy.
  Example value = nnproxy1_hostname:8890
- Property = dfs.namenode.rpc-address.nnproxies.nnproxy2
  Description = RPC address of second NameNode Proxy.
  Example value = nnproxy2_hostname:8890
- Property = dfs.nameservice.id
  Description = The nameservice ID representing all NameNodes.
  Example value = nameservice01
- Property = dfs.federation.router.monitor.namenode
  Description = Comma separated list of all NameNode Proxies unique identifiers.
  Example value = nnproxy1,nnproxy2
- Property = dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.nnproxies
  Description = Failover provider class.
  Example value = org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider
After you have added or edited the above configuration, deploy the configuration and restart any affected services.

Note on Mount Tables

A Fusion instance can not service multiple name services and therefore can not support multiple mount tables that point to different name services.

After the configurations are set and the affected services have been restarted, mount tables can be created for NameNode Proxy’s nameservice.

hdfs dfsrouteradmin -ls /

Table 1. Example of Mount Table Entries
Source	Destinations	Owner	Group	Mode	Quota/Usage
/nonrepl	othercluster→/directory	hdfs	hadoop	rwxr-xr-x	-/-, SsQuota: -/-
/repl	npxns→/repl1	hdfs	hadoop	rwxr-xr-x	-/-, SsQuota: -/-

In the above example, anything written to /repl will be routed to the NameNode Proxy nameservice, and, therefore, the NameNode Proxy.

If /repl1 is a replicated rule configured by Fusion, it will be replicated. Anything written to /nonrepl would go to the other cluster nameservice, which is a separate cluster not integrated with Fusion.

6.1.9. MapR Configuration

These tasks will be required only for MapR deployments. Please ensure the Client Configuration is only performed after installing WANdisco Fusion.

MapR Client Configuration

On MapR clusters, you need to copy WANdisco Fusion configuration onto all other nodes in the cluster:

Open a terminal to your WANdisco Fusion node.
Navigate to /opt/mapr/hadoop/<hadoop-version>/etc/hadoop.
Copy the core-site.xml and yarn-site.xml files to the same location on all other nodes in the cluster.
Now restart HDFS, and any other service that indicates that a restart is required.

When using MapR and doing a TeraSort run, if one runs without the simple partitioner configuration, then the YARN containers will fail with a Fusion Client ClassNotFoundException. The remedy is to set yarn.application.classpath on each node’s yarn-site.xml.

MapR Impersonation

Enable impersonation when cluster security is disabled

Follow these steps on the client to configure impersonation without enabling cluster security.

Enable impersonation for all relevant components in your ecosystem. See the MapR documentation - Component Requirements for Impersonation.
Enable impersonation for the MapR core components:
The following steps will ensure that MapR will have the necessary permissions on your Hadoop cluster:
- Open the core-site.xml file in a suitable editor.
- Add the following *hadoop.proxyuser* properties:
  <property> <name>hadoop.proxyuser.mapr.hosts</name> <value>*</value> </property> <property> <name>hadoop.proxyuser.mapr.groups</name> <value>*</value> </property>
  Note: The wildcard asterisk * lets the "mapr" user connect from any host and impersonate any user in any group.
- Check that your settings are correct, save and close the core-site.xml file.
On each client system on which you need to run impersonation:
- Set a MAPR_IMPERSONATION_ENABLED environment variable with the value, true. This value must be set in the environment of any process you start that does impersonation. E.g.
  export MAPR_IMPERSONATION_ENABLED=true
- Create a file in /opt/mapr/conf/proxy/ that has the name of the mapr superuser. The default file name would be mapr. To verify the superuser name, check the mapr.daemon.user= line in the /opt/mapr/conf/daemon.conf file on a MapR cluster server.

6.1.10. Client Bypass

Client bypass to allow writes to proceed

If WANdisco Fusion is down and clients use the HDFS URI, then further writes will be blocked. The client bypass feature gives the administrator an option to bypass WANdisco Fusion and write to the underlying file system, which will introduce inconsistencies between zones. This is suitable for when short-term inconsistency is seen as a lesser evil compared to blocked progress.

The inconsistencies can then be fixed later using the Consistency and Make Consistent process(es). A client that is allowed to bypass to the underlying filesystem will continue to bypass for the duration of the retry interval. Long-running clients will automatically reload configurations at a hardcoded 60 second interval. Thus it is possible to disable and enable the bypass on-the-fly.

Enable/disable client bypass via the UI

Log in to the Fusion UI and go to the Settings tab. Click Client Bypass Settings.

Figure 81. Client Bypass - step1
Tick the Enable fusion bypass checkbox. This will enable two entry fields for configuration:

Figure 82. Client Bypass - step2

Bypass response time

The time (in seconds) that will pass before the client will bypass WANdisco Fusion. Default: 14.

Bypass retry interval

The time (in seconds) before the client attempts to use WANdisco Fusion, again. Default: 60.
Click Update to save your changes.
A HDFS restart is now needed for the changes to take effect.

Enable/disable client bypass via manual configuration change

In core-site.xml add the following properties:

fusion.client.can.bypass = true
- default is false
fusion.client.bypass.retry.interval.secs = 120
- default is 60 (in seconds)

The properties are also listed in the Fusion Client configuration table.

6.2. Induction

Induction is the process used to incorporate new nodes/zones into the WANdisco Fusion LiveData platform.

Use this procedure to induct two zones together in order to create a replication ecosystem.

Log in to one of the active nodes, clicking on the Nodes tab. Click the + Add node button.
Enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name of the new node that you wish to induct and the Fusion Server Port. Click Start Induction.

Fully Qualified Domain Name

The full domain name for the new node that you will induct into your replication system.

Fusion Server Port

The TCP port used by the Fusion application for configuration and reporting, both internally and via REST API. The port needs to be open between all Fusion nodes and any systems or scripts that interface with Fusion through the REST API. Default is 8082.
When the induction process completes you have the option to induct another node.

You only need to induct one node from each zone.

The Nodes tab will refresh with the new node added to the list.

Action required for existing Replication Rules

Existing replication rules are not added to newly inducted nodes by default, however, there is an option to add existing rules to new nodes.

Please follow the Add existing rules to new nodes section for guidance.

6.2.1. Induction Failure

The induction process performs validation checks before running. If any of the checks fail, you will quickly see a warning message appear depending on the issue:

Automatic induction failed: If the induction process can’t connect to the new node using the details provided, a failure will happen instantly. This could happen because of an error in the new node’s installation, however it could also be caused by the node being kerberized.
We also could not reach any of our standard ports on this host: If connections can’t be made on specific Fusion ports, they will be listed here. If none of the standard ports are reachable then you will be warned that this is the case.

Induction alternative

When induction fails, you will be presented with an alternative list of requirements to induct the nodes/zones together.

Fully Qualified Domain Name: As before, the full hostname for the server.
Node ID: A unique identifier that will be used by Fusion UI to identify the server.
Location ID: A unique identifier that will be used by Fusion UI to identify the location of the server.
Fusion Port: The TCP port used by the replication system. It needs to be open between all WANdisco Fusion nodes. Nodes that are situated in zones that are external to the data center’s network will require unidirectional access through the firewall.

Both the Node ID and Location ID can be found for the Fusion UI for the node you wish to induct to.

On the Nodes tab, select the Fusion node that appears in the Name column.
This will then display details of the node selected, look for Node ID and Location ID on this page.
The Fusion Port is also available on this page.

If induction still fails after completing this, please contact WANdisco support.

6.3. In-life configuration

This section covers in-life configuration options available, some of which will be performed in the Fusion UI.

Many of the options within the Settings page will have already been covered in the Initial configuration section, as they are required for the initial setup of Fusion.

6.3.1. About This Node

This panel will display information regarding the version of Fusion installed, as well as uptime of the server and the environment type (e.g. AMBARI, CLOUDERA, UNMANAGED S3).

Figure 83. About this node

Node name: To change the Node name value, enter a different string in the editable box and select Update. This change will then propogate to other nodes in the ecosystem after a short period.

6.3.2. Fusion Server settings

The Fusion Server settings allow you to adjust Java heap assigned to the server process, URI Selection, and some other additional options.

Figure 84. Fusion Server Settings

Maximum Java heap size (GB): Enter the maximum Java heap value for the Fusion Server process. The minimum for production is 16GB but 64GB is recommended.
DConE panic if database is dirty (checkbox): This option lets you enable the strict recovery option for WANdisco’s replication engine, to ensure that any corruption to its prevayler database doesn’t lead to further problems. When the checkbox is ticked, the Fusion Server will log a panic message whenever it is not properly shutdown, either due to a system or application problem.
Application panic if database is dirty (checkbox): This option lets you enable the strict recovery option for Fusion Server’s database, to ensure that any corruption to its internal database doesn’t lead to further problems. When the checkbox is ticked, the Fusion Server will log a panic message whenever it is not properly shutdown, either due to a system or application problem.

Click Update once any changes have been made or if installing Fusion for the first time.

URI Selection

For detail and explanation on each option, please refer to the On-premises - Fusion options for URI selection or Cloud - Fusion options for URI selection.

If considering a change to the URI selection, contact WANdisco support prior to making any such change.

Please note that any change to this option will update the core-site potentially requiring restarts of services. Depending on the option selected, it may also require packages to be distributed and others removed. This should be carefully planned to avoid outages or unexpected behaviour.

Set Push Threshold Manually

The feature exposes the configuration property fs.fusion.push.threshold, stored in the core-site.xml file (see Reference - core-site.xml section for more information).

It provides administrators with a means of making a small performance improvement, useful in a small number of cases.

Figure 85. Set Push Threshold manually

When enabling the checkbox in the UI, the entry displays as "Required". You can enter your own value (in bytes) and click the Update button.

Amazon cloud deployments

For cloud deployments, ensure the property is disabled (unticked) or set to zero "0". This will disable HFLUSH which is suitable because appends are not supported for S3 storage.

Chunk Size in Bytes

The size of the 'chunks' used in a file transfer between Zones.

The property may be adjusted depending on the environment and expected file sizes that will be in transit. If expecting many large files to be transferred and a decent bandwidth is in place between Zones, it may be advantageous to increase this value for performance gains. For Production environments, please seek guidance from WANdisco support before adjusting this value.

To adjust, enter your own value (in bytes) in the editable field and click the Update button.

6.3.3. Graphs

The severity percentage thresholds for the graphs displayed on the Fusion UI Dashboard can be adjusted.

Figure 86. Graph Settings

Edit the values as required and select to Update. The changes will be reflected on the Dashboard page shortly afterwards.

Figure 87. Dashboard - Graphs

6.3.4. IHC Server Settings

This section will display the configurable options available for the IHC Server.

Figure 88. IHC Server Settings

Maximum Java heap size (GB): Enter the maximum Java heap value for the IHC Server process. The minimum recommendation for production is 16GB.

6.3.5. License Settings

Unless there’s a problem that stops you from reaching the WANdisco Fusion UI, the correct way to upgrade a node license is through the License Settings panel, under the Settings tab.

Figure 89. License Settings

Click Select a file. Navigate to and select your replacement license file.
Click Upload and review the details of your replacement license file.

Figure 90. License Settings - validation
Once the License Validation is complete, select to Update.
A warning message will be displayed:

Any Fusion Nodes which are currently down will not receive this license update. To update the license on these nodes a manual update will be required, or this license update can be run again when they are back online. Are you sure you want to continue with the License Update now?

Click Confirm once the message is read and understood.

After the license upload is complete, you will see an additional message:

License updated but will not be visible on the UI until the page is refreshed. Note that the WANdisco Fusion Server only checks for new licenses once an hour. You can force a check by restarting the WANdisco Fusion server.

License expiry/renewals

If a license is due to expire soon, the Fusion UI provides a warning message on the Dashboard.

Figure 91. License expiry warning

When uploading a new license as described in License Settings, this warning will remain until the License check is performed automatically every hour. It is possible to remove this warning immediately by restarting the Fusion UI (service fusion-ui-server restart).

There is also an email address provided on the Support tab of the Fusion UI for requesting new licenses.

Figure 92. Support - Purchase a License

Alternatively, contact WANdisco support if there are any questions or concerns regarding licenses.

6.3.6. Node: Log Settings

Unless configured differently, WANdisco Fusion logs default to the following directories:

Fusion Server logs - /var/log/fusion/server
IHC Server logs - /var/log/fusion/ihc
Fusion UI server logs - /var/log/fusion/ui

Figure 93. Log Settings

The logging directories for each component can be changed in the editable fields. Before changing the directory, you must ensure that the new directory exists and that the Fusion system user has full permissions on it. Select to Update after any changes have been made.

These changes will only take effect after restarting the Fusion UI Server. This should be performed in a terminal session on the Fusion node.

service fusion-ui-server restart

Changes via the command line

To change the logging directory, you can also edit the /etc/init.d/fusion-ui-server script on the Fusion node. The property to edit depends on the log you wish to change.
Example
export LOG_DIR="/var/log/fusion/ui".

You need to restart the Fusion UI Server for changes to take effect.

service fusion-ui-server restart

6.3.7. Plugins

This panel will display any plugins installed on the Fusion server, and the current status of them.

Figure 94. Plugins

Whilst there is generally nothing to configure on this page, when installing a new plugin, there will often be an option to Install now. This is used to facilitate the UI driven aspects of the plugin installation journey, not all plugins will require this though.

If you have any concerns regarding the status of a plugin shown, contact WANdisco support.

6.3.8. UI Settings

You can change how you interact with the Fusion UI through the browser.

Figure 95. UI Settings

HTTP UI Port: The port assigned to the Fusion UI.
HTTP UI Host: The host that the Fusion UI is set to, by default, this will be 0.0.0.0 (i.e. it will bind to the server’s default route).
HTTP UI External Host: This is the external hostname defined for the server. It is used in the Fusion UI for the Jump to node mechanism seen in the Nodes page. If adjusted, it will redirect the browser to the hostname specified in this field as the change will be broadcasted to all other nodes in the ecosystem.

Figure 96. Nodes - Jump to node

Click Update after making any changes. A restart of the Fusion UI will also be required, this should be performed in a terminal session on the server:

service fusion-ui-server restart

You may need to update the URL in your browser to account for any changes made.

If wanting to Use HTTPS on the UI, or guidance on the Trust Store Settings, see the Enable SSL (HTTPS) for the Fusion UI section.

6.3.9. Consistency Check - Scheduled

This section allows you to enable or disable scheduled consistency checks, alter the default check interval and change the consistency check report limit.

To learn about running Consistency Checks on replication rules, proceed to the Consistency Check section in Replication.

Figure 97. Schedule consistency check

Enable Scheduled Consistency Checks

This determines if scheduled consistency checks are enabled. Altering this can be applied to existing rules and/or newly created rules.

Update: Click Update after enabling or disabling this feature.
Apply to existing rules: This applies the enablement/disablement to all replication rules, except those with their own schedule.

Default Check Interval

This can be set to repeat hourly, daily or weekly. Hourly lets you set the default number of hours (1-12) that are allowed to pass before the replication rules are checked for consistency. Daily lets you set the time of day for when the consistency checks are performed. Weekly lets you set the day of the week and time of day that the consistency checks will occur.

Update: Click Update to store the entered value and use it for all new replication rules that do not have their own set interval.
Apply to existing rules: This applies the new default value to all replication rules, except those with their own schedule.

Consistency Check Report Limit

The maximum number of inconsistencies to be displayed in reports on the Fusion UI.

It’s possible to set a different schedule for each specific replication rule using the Advanced Options available when setting up or editing a Replication Rule.
See Create a Rule or View/Edit Replication Rule for guidance.

6.3.10. Hadoop: Log Settings

This section details options available for Hadoop logging (this will not be available on unmanaged platforms).

Figure 98. Hadoop - Log Settings

Fusion Client Logging

Show log statements for Fusion Client in Hadoop console: If logging is enabled, then all log statements of the Fusion Client will be shown when Hadoop applications and users interact with HDFS.

This will only be pertinent if the Fusion Client is being called, such as if the HDFS URI with HDFS URI scheme is being used on the cluster.

6.3.11. Fusion Administrator

This section can be used to activate the Fusion Administrator for the Fusion UI, as well as change the username and password assigned to it.

Figure 99. UI Settings - Fusion Administrator

The Fusion Administrator and any user whose role is mapped to the Fusion Administrator group can enable LDAP and configure the necessary Fusion roles. This user is set during the Security step of the installation of Fusion.

Activate Fusion Administrator

This is activated by default, by deactivating it, you must ensure that the cluster manager details have been set or else it may not be possible to log into the Fusion UI again without manual intervention.

Note that enablement of LDAP is only possible using the Fusion Administrator.

User Name

Set the User name for the Fusion Administrator.

User Password

Set the password for the Fusion Administrator.

Confirm User Password: Confirm the password for the Fusion Administrator.

Select to Update once any changes have been made. You will then need to enter the new details when relogging into the Fusion UI.

6.3.12. LDAP Settings

Use the following procedure for setting up and applying an LDAP/AD service for handling Fusion user authentication.

OpenLDAP and Active Directory implementations are both supported.

Login using the Fusion Administrator credentials that you provided during installation (see Fusion Administrator section for details). Navigate to the Settings tab and click on LDAP under the Security Section.

Use LDAP

Tick the checkbox if wanting to enable LDAP authentication. The following properties will then be displayed.

Figure 100. LDAP Settings - Use LDAP checked

Host

URL or hostname for your LDAP/AD authority

Port

Port used by your LDAP/AD authority. Default: 389.

Use SSL

Tick this checkbox if you wish to secure LDAP/AD traffic using SSL. The Port may need to be adjusted to one that is SSL enabled on the LDAP/AD host.

Figure 101. LDAP Settings - Use SSL

TrustStore Path

Absolute file path to your SSL TrustStore file.

TrustStore Password

Password required for your TrustStore.
Enter the LDAP Authority details.

BindDN

The Distinguishing Name is used by Fusion to authenticate to LDAP/AD in order to read groups, etc. In the case that your authority does not allow unauthenticated queries.

Bind Password

Password required to query your LDAP/AD authority.
Enter the Search details for the chosen group of users.

User Search Base

Point in the LDAP/AD tree where the search for valid users will begin.

User Search Filter

LDAP/AD search string used to filter the directory for applicable accounts.

Login Name Attribute

Name of the UID attribute for users in the directory.
Click Check connection. The following message will be displayed if a connection was successful:

Settings are valid. A connection to the LDAP server could be created.
Click Preview Users. A list of users will be displayed, ensure that this is the expected user group.
If your LDAP/AD settings are confirmed as valid, and the user group is correct, then you must click Update to save the configuration. If you don’t click Update then they won’t be saved.
After clicking Update a message will appear to confirm that the LDAP settings will now be applied.
```
LDAP settings successfully updated. Please reload the browser.
```
Click Close and refresh your browser.

6.3.13. Email Notifications

This section describes how to set up notification emails that will be triggered if one of the tracked system resources reaches a defined threshold.

Notification email triggers
Server Config
Enable Notification Emails
Recipients
Templates
Example Notification Email

Email notification is disabled by default.

You must complete the following steps before any messages will be sent.

Email Notification Settings are located in the Zone section of the settings menu.

Complete the following steps to enable email notification:

Enter your SMTP properties in the Server configuration tab.
Enter recipient addresses in the Recipients tab.
Tick the Enable check-box for each trigger-event for which you want an email notification sent out.
[Optionally] You can customize the messaging that will be included in the notification email message by adding your own text in the Templates tab.

Notification email triggers

The following triggers support email notification. See the Templates section for more information.

Consistency Check Failing: Email sent if a consistency check fails.
CPU Load Threshold Hit: Dashboard graph for CPU Load has reached. See Dashboard Graphs Settings for adjusting thresholds.
Fusion Database Partition Disk Threshold Hit: Dashboard graph for Database partition disk usage has been reached. See Dashboard Graphs Settings for adjusting thresholds.
License Data Threshold Hit: Licensed data usage threshold has been reached. See Dashboard Graphs Settings for adjusting thresholds.
License Expiring: The Node’s WANdisco Fusion license is going to expire.
Node Down: One of the Nodes in your ecosystem is down.
Quorum Lost: One or more of the Zones are unable to continue replication due to the loss of one or more nodes.

Server config

The server config tab contains the settings for the SMTP email server that you will use for relaying your notification emails. You need to complete and check the provided details are correct first, before your notification emails can be enabled.

Figure 102. SMTP settings

Email Notification Settings are located in the Zone section of the Settings tab

SMTP Host: The hostname or IP address for your email relay server.
SMTP Port: The port used by your email relay service. SMTP default port is 25.
Connection Encryption: Drop-down for choosing the type of encryption that the mail server uses, None, SSL or TLS are supported. If SSL or TLS are selected you should make sure that you adjust the SMTP port value, if required.
Authentication: Checkbox for indicating that a username and password are required for connecting to the mail server. If you tick the checkbox additional entry fields will appear.
SMTP Username: A username for connecting to the email server.
SMTP Password: A password for connecting to the email server.
From: Optional field for adding the sender email address that will be seen by to the recipient.
To: Optional field for entering an email address that can be used for testing that the email setup will work.
Update Settings: Button, click to store your email notification entries.
Reset Changes: Reloads the saved settings, undoing any changes that you have made in the template that have not been saved.
Send Test Email: Trigger the sending of a test email to confirm that it works as expected.

Recipients

The recipients tab is used to store one or more email addresses that can be used when sending out notification emails. You can enter any number of addresses, although you will still need to associate an entered address with a specific notification before it will be used. See Adding recipients.

Figure 103. Adding recipients

Adding recipients

Enter a valid email address for a recipient who should receive a notification email from WANdisco Fusion.
Click the Add button.
You can repeat the procedure as many times as you like, you can send each different notification to a different recipient (by associating that recipient’s address with the particular trigger), or you can send a single notification email to multiple recipients (by associating multiple addresses with the notification email.
Click Update Recipients to save the new email addresses.

Enable Notification Emails

Once you have working server settings valid recipient email addresses you can start to enable notification emails from the Alerts tab.

Go to the Alerts tab and select a notification trigger for which you would like to send emails. For example Consistency Check Failing. Tick the Enabled checkbox.

If a trigger is not enabled, no email notification will ever be sent. Likewise, an enabled trigger will not send out notification emails unless recipients are added.

Figure 104. Email Notification Enabled
Enter a From email address and select recipients from the Add More Recipients window. Once you have finished selecting recipients, click Add.

Figure 105. Email Notification - Add
Scroll to the bottom of the screen and click Update Alerts to save changes.
You can choose to change/add additional recipients, review or customize the messaging by clicking on the Edit Template link.

Templates

The Templates tab gives you access to the email default text, allowing you to review and customize with additional messaging.

The types of template available are:

Consistency Check Failing
CPU Load Threshold Hit
Fusion Database Partition Disk Threshold Hit
License Data Threshold Hit
License Expiring
Node Down
Quorum Lost

Figure 106. Email Settings

Consistency Check Failing: This is the trigger system event for which the notification email will be sent.
Subject: The email’s subject line. A default value is set for each of the triggers, however, you can reword these by changing the text in the template.
Custom Message: This entry box lets you add your own messaging to the notification. This could be anything that might be useful to an on-duty administrator such as links to related documentation or contact details for the next level of support, etc.
Message Body: The message body contains the fixed payload of the notification email; you can’t edit this element and it may contain specific error messaging taken from logs.

The subject and custom messages can also be altered in the file /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/properties/email.properties. This allows, for example, the email subject to be in the language of the recipients.

Example Notification Email

This is what an email notification looks like:

    From: cluster-admin@organization.com>
    Date: Mon, Nov 6, 2017 at 3:49 PM
    Subject: WANdisco Fusion UI - Consistency Check Failing
    To: admin@company.com

    Here is a custom message.
     - Custom messaging entered in the Template

    Consistency Check Failing triggered a watch event, any relevant error message will appear below.
     - Default Message

    The following directory failed consistency check:

      /repl1
    - Specific error message

    ==================== NODE DETAILS =====================
    Host Name     : xwstest-01.your.company.com
    IP address    : 10.0.0.146
    IP port       : 6444
    -------------------------------------------------------
    Node Id       : f5255a0b-bcfc-40c0-b2a7-64546f571f2a
    Node Name     : wdfs1
    Node status   : LOCAL
    Node's zone   : zone1
    Node location : location1
    Node latitude : 11.0
    Node longitude: 119.0
    -------------------------------------------------------
    Memory usage  : 0.0%
    Disk usage    : 0.0%
    Last update   : 2017.Nov.06 at 15:49:28 GMT
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6.3.14. Networking settings

This section lets you define whether or not the WANdisco Fusion server proactively creates outbound connections to remote IHC servers during data transfer. It will otherwise tell the server to wait for and re-use inbound connections.

Setting to Inbound connection on a Source zone is useful if, for example, the source datacenter has networking restrictions preventing multiple ports being made available to the destination zone(s).

When set to Inbound, the WANdisco Fusion Server must have a hostname visible to other Zones that will be inducted to this ecosystem.

Outbound connection

The default network setting (Networking direction between Fusion Server and IHC Server) is set as Outbound connection, on the Networking Panel under the Settings tab.

Figure 107. unidirectional networking - Outbound

Inbound connection

When Inbound connection is selected, then you must ensure that Fusion server must be publicly visible to other zones. To ensure this, you must enter a Fusion Server/Local IHC Public IP Address.

Figure 108. Unidirectional networking - Inbound

Fusion Server/Local IHC Public IP Address: Changing the hostname will require a restart of both the Fusion and IHC server, in order for the change to take effect.

Hostname cannot be changed after induction

Note that once a WANdisco Fusion node has been inducted, it is no longer possible to change its hostname.

Remote IHC Port: The port that remote IHC servers will use to contact this Fusion server in the case of Inbound connections.

6.3.15. Username Translation Setup

It is possible to setup username translation between zones during replication of files and directories. See the Username Translations section for further information about this feature.

Adding username translation will cause usernames to be ignored in consistency checks.

Go to the Settings tab and select Username translation from the Zone section.
As any changes made in the UI are replicated to all nodes and zones, you can be, for example, on a node in zone 3 to create a mapping between zone 1 and 2.

Figure 109. Select Username Translation on the Settings tab
Select the zone from the drop down list, and enter the username for the source. Usernames can be defined explicitly or as a regex.
Select the zone from the drop down list, and enter the username for the destination. Click Add.

Figure 110. Enter zone and username details

If the translation clashes with an existing one you will be warned at this point and the mapping will not be created.
Note that mappings only exist as a one-way relationship and so you will need to add both directions if required.
When all translations have been successfully added, click Update.

6.3.16. Replicating using the Filesystem’s scheme

Any WANdisco Fusion supported FileSystem can replicate using its own scheme, the fusion scheme does not have to be used. This allows you to have some schemes replicated using WANdisco Fusion and others independent of WANdisco Fusion. Creating your own schemes lets you, for example, change over time which sets of files are replicated. This may be useful if when setting up WANdisco Fusion you do not wish to replicate all files initially.

You can configure this with the following steps:

Set fs.<scheme>.impl to com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHcfs in the core-site.xml file. The <scheme> can have any name but it is advisable for it to be logical.
If the <scheme> is not one of the ones provided by Fusion, update fs.fusion.underlyingFsClass. The value needs to be the full filesystem class, for example org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem.
The schemes provided are listed in the Fusion Client Configuration section.
Now deploy the client configs.

The result of this is that the fs.<scheme>.impl now points to Fusion, and Fusion interacts with the original FileSystem. Any client side application using the <scheme> will first go through Fusion.

Certain products make assumptions about the scheme used, for example Sentry ignores everything which is non-hdfs.

More information can be found in the Fusion Client Configuration section.

6.3.17. Configure for High Availability Hadoop

If you have configured High Availability (HA) on your Hadoop clusters since installing WANdisco Fusion you need to complete the following steps.

Edit the Fusion configuration element fs.fusion.underlyingFs to match the new nameservice ID in the cluster-wide core-site.xml in your Hadoop manager.
e.g. change:

<property>
        <name>fs.fusion.underlyingFs</name>
        <value>hdfs://vmhost08-vm0.cfe.domain.com:8020</value>
</property>

To:

<property>
        <name>fs.fusion.underlyingFs</name>
        <value>hdfs://myCluster</value>
</property>

Click Save Changes.
Restart all Fusion and IHC servers once the client configurations have been deployed.

6.3.18. Support for the Hadoop View File System

Support for the Hadoop View File System (ViewFs) is added in 2.15.4.

WANdisco Fusion supports the replication of data into multiple filesystem storages under the same filesystem scheme by utilizing ViewFs. ViewFs is provided by the HCFS client libraries, for example S3A and ABFS, and allows the management of multiple Hadoop filesystem namespaces. See the ViewFs Guide for more information.

Configuring your environment for ViewFs is a manual process.

Configuring Fusion to use ViewFs.

In the Fusion Server and IHC Server’s core-site.xml, point fs.fusion.underlyingFs and fs.defaultFS to your ViewFs mount table.

In this example, the ViewFs mount table is repl:

<property>
  <name>fs.fusion.underlyingFs</name>
  <value>viewfs://repl</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
  <value>viewfs://repl</value>
</property>

Review the core-site.xml for the following properties, and update (or add if not present):

fs.fusion.underlyingFsClass=org.apache.hadoop.fs.viewfs.ViewFileSystem
fs.AbstractFileSystem.viewfs.impl=org.apache.hadoop.fs.viewfs.ViewFs
fusion.check.permissions=false
fusion.check.ownerAndGroup=false
fs.azure.write.request.size=2000000 (only required if using ABFS)
fusion.acls.supported=true

If using ABFS, ensure that authentication is configured for each separate storage account:

fs.azure.account.key.<storage-account-name>.blob.core.windows.net=<storage-account-access-key>

Each storage to be replicated must be added as a ViewFs mount link to the mount table specified above. All ViewFs mount links in the mount table should use the same scheme and this should not be viewfs.

For example, if using S3a buckets:
```
<property>
  <name>fs.viewfs.mounttable.repl.link./bucket1</name>
  <value>s3a://bucket1</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>fs.viewfs.mounttable.repl.link./bucket2</name>
  <value>s3a://bucket2</value>
</property>
```
For example, if using ABFS:

Mounts can be defined for the root of the storage.
```
<property>
  <name>fs.viewfs.mounttable.repl.link./storage1</name>
  <value>abfs://storage1@<storage-account-name>.dfs.core.windows.net</value>
</property>
```
A typical replication rule for the above configuration would be: /repl1 → /storage1/repl1

Mounts can also be defined for the destination directory.
```
<property>
  <name>fs.viewfs.mounttable.repl.link./storage1</name>
  <value>abfs://storage1@<storage-account-name>.dfs.core.windows.net/repl1</value>
</property>
```
A typical replication rule for the above configuration would be: /repl1 → /repl1

If desirable, add an additional mount link to enable the fallback feature for ViewFs:

Example for S3a

<property>
 <name>fs.viewfs.mounttable.repl.linkFallback</name>
 <value>s3a://bucket1/viewfs_fallback</value>
</property>

Example for ABFS

<property>
 <name>fs.viewfs.mounttable.repl.linkFallback</name>
 <value>abfs://storage1@<storage-account-name>.dfs.core.windows.net/viewfs_fallback</value>
</property>

Restart Fusion services to be able to replicate these new storages.

Example
```
for i in /etc/init.d/fusion-*; do service `basename $i` restart`; done
```

Enter path manually when creating a rule

When creating a replication rule, the ViewFs file tree will not show in the UI. You will need to enter the replication path manually.

For example, if you have fs.fusion.underlyingFs=viewfs://repl and a S3a bucket named bucket1, enter the replication path as follows:

/bucket1/

The replication path name must always be relative to the fs.fusion.underlyingFs path as demonstrated above.

Test ViewFs mount configuration

Check that the ViewFs mounts are configured properly by running hadoop fs -ls viewfs://repl/ (adjust this command depending on the value of fs.fusion.underlyingFs):

Example output

Found 2 items
-r-xr-xr-x   - root root          0 2020-07-30 09:04 viewfs://repl/bucket1
-r-xr-xr-x   - root root          0 2020-07-30 09:04 viewfs://repl/bucket2

6.3.19. Configure Data Compression

Enable data compression between Fusion zones by configuring both the Fusion Servers and IHC Servers. By default, data compression is disabled between zones.

Fusion Server configuration

Add the following properties to the /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties file on your Fusion servers:

ihc.compression.enabled=true
ihc.compression.codec=SNAPPY

IHC Server configuration

Add the following properties to the /etc/wandisco/fusion/ihc/server/<distro-version>/<distro-version-string>.ihc file on your Fusion servers:

ihc.compression.enabled=true
ihc.compression.codec=SNAPPY

The ihc.compression.enabled and ihc.compression.codec properties must be configured to have the same values for both the Fusion Servers and IHC Servers.

If you have Pipes installed and configured, enable data compression on your Pipe servers as well.

Level of compression

Configuring the level of compression used will depend on whether your network settings are set to Outbound connections or Inbound connections.

Outbound connections: Add a property to the Fusion Server configuration.
Inbound connections: Add a property to the IHC Server configuration.

Outbound

Outbound connections are the default for Fusion installations. See the Outbound connection section for further information.

Configure the level of data compression by adding the following property to the /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties file on your Fusion servers:

ihc.compression.level=<value>

The <value> will be a number between 1-9, whereby:

1 = minimum compression
9 = maximum compression

If not configured, the default will be 5.

Inbound

Inbound connections need to be configured for Fusion installations. See the Inbound connection section for further information.

Configure the level of data compression by adding the following property to the /etc/wandisco/fusion/ihc/server/<distro-version>/<distro-version-string>.ihc file on your Fusion servers:

ihc.compression.level=<value>

The <value> will be a number between 1-9, whereby:

1 = minimum compression
9 = maximum compression

If not configured, the default will be 5.

6.3.20. Cloudera Redaction Policy support

As of Fusion 2.16.3, Cloudera Redaction Policy is now supported. The following properties have been altered in 2.16.3 as part of this support:

Table 2. core-site.xml
2.16.2 and below	2.16.3 and above
`fusion.keytab`	`fusion.ktab`
`fusion.client.ssl.truststore.password`	`fusion.client.ssl.truststore.pwd`
`fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.keytab`	`fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.ktab`

Table 3. /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties
2.16.2 and below	2.16.3 and above
`fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.keytab`	`fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.ktab`

If Fusion 2.16.3 (and above) is installed on a Cloudera cluster with Redaction Policy enabled, the fusion.ktab and fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.ktab values will be RSA-encrypted in core-site.xml.

Changing encrypted property values

The fusion.ktab and fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.ktab properties can be configured using the Fusion UI. The Fusion UI will automatically encrypt values when changes are published to the cluster manager.

If you need to manually change these core-site.xml values on the cluster manager (including fusion.client.ssl.truststore.pwd), use the encrypt-password.sh tool to create an RSA-encrypted string:

Example for string "/etc/security/keytabs/mynew.keytab"

# /opt/wandisco/fusion/tools/bin/encrypt-password.sh
Please enter the  password to be encrypted
> **********************************
Encrypted password: Tg5cw8SFHIXxw09fmczNl3aMtWrCk7qzr5Tf0dosWvk8rNhnAfesnZj3wS2/uqdZddlzbu5r1kYei57C6jbp+Za/QDW3RzLzOvJJCZ9/CVzI2rwMMk5E5q0xkUPEdz/KcSGVF6Eq1k4JCONRPml4qLq97iLcqmTTSg45AU/kPqc9cFGk0r95OezyDiB8wS7jl2Q5E6dBqN0PZ3gvfYFlvZxxkW8HzaQuyDT+PmMZHBFouIrS8HAbT2Qb2k0S2e1CLq9BPNYYEFvO4dliJDq6MZGcCH8VWsca0jKMcXepvgQ649rCAs/IHCzq4lS7kIa1VO3u4T/ZjQoyQM2vYrTcog==

Use the encrypted string for the value of your property in the core-site.xml on the cluster manager.

Example

fusion.ktab=Tg5cw8SFHIXxw09fmczNl3aMtWrCk7qzr5Tf0dosWvk8rNhnAfesnZj3wS2/uqdZddlzbu5r1kYei57C6jbp+Za/QDW3RzLzOvJJCZ9/CVzI2rwMMk5E5q0xkUPEdz/KcSGVF6Eq1k4JCONRPml4qLq97iLcqmTTSg45AU/kPqc9cFGk0r95OezyDiB8wS7jl2Q5E6dBqN0PZ3gvfYFlvZxxkW8HzaQuyDT+PmMZHBFouIrS8HAbT2Qb2k0S2e1CLq9BPNYYEFvO4dliJDq6MZGcCH8VWsca0jKMcXepvgQ649rCAs/IHCzq4lS7kIa1VO3u4T/ZjQoyQM2vYrTcog==

6.4. Replication

6.4.1. Setting up Replication

The following steps can be used to set up replication of data. The detail of each step will depend on your cluster setup and your specific replication requirements, although the basic steps remain the same.

Create and configure a Replication Rule. See Create a Replication Rule.
Perform a consistency check on your replication rule. See Consistency Check.
- Consider Username Translations before running a consistency check.
Perform a Make Consistent operation on your replication rule. See Make Consistent.
Run tests to validate that your replication rule remains consistent between Zones whilst data is being written to each data center.

6.4.2. Managing Replication

Replication tab

The Replication tab contains the Replicated Rules table.

Figure 111. Replication Tab

This table lists all available rules and gives basic information:

Type: HCFS is the only rule type available with the core Fusion product but additional plugins are available to extend functionality. For example Hive rules are available with the Fusion Plugin for Live Hive.
Resource: The name give to the Replication rule.
Zone: The list of Zones that the rule has been assigned to. Hovering over the ? next to each Zone name will display the underlying filesystem path for the replication rule in that Zone. These can differ between Zones if the path mapping feature has been utilised.
Status: The summary of the latest Consistency Check, if one has occurred.
Activity: Basic information on the files being transferred.

From the top bar of the table you can create and remove rules.

Use the checkbox next to the rule (left column) to select it. You can then run make consistent and consistency check operations on the rule.

The filter option is also available to display specific rules by their type, resource, status, consistency or zone.

Clicking on the rule in the table takes you to the Replication Rule profile screen, giving more details about the rule. See the section on View/Edit Replication Rule for more information.

Filtering

Figure 112. Replication rules - filter

In deployments that use large numbers of rules, you can use the filter tool to focus on specific sets of rules, filtering by type, resource, status, consistency or zone.

Filtering by Resource uses a text box, the other options provide a drop down list of options to filter by.

Create Replication Rules

Log in to Fusion’s UI on one of the Fusion nodes and click on the Replication tab.
Click on the + Create button. The Replication Rule form screen will appear.

Figure 113. Create new rule(s)
Zones
Select two or more zones from the Zones list. The local Zone for the Fusion UI that is being used will always be selected. If only two Zones exist in the ecosystem, the second Zone will also be selected by default.
Priority Zone
The zone which is deemed most important, in terms of the most valuable/reliable source of data. For example, if your set up has a production zone and a disaster recovery zone, the production zone would be more important and, therefore, the priority zone.
Rule Name
Define a Rule Name for the replication rule, this must be a unique name and must not match one that is already created (a warning will be displayed if the name matches another rule).

Path for <Zone>
Define the path for replication. This can be done by either entering the path manually in the Path for <zone> field, or by using the HDFS File Tree on the right-hand side of the Rules panel to select your path.

The grey folder icon next to the name of the path in the HDFS File Tree can be clicked to display any sub-directories within it. Clicking on the path name itself (e.g. tmp) will add this path to all Path for <Zone> fields.

Path Mapping

You can configure a replicated path that has different destination paths for a remote Zone. Simply adjust the Path for <Zone> fields for the Zones that require a different destination path.

Figure 114. Path mapping creation

Note that the HDFS File Tree will only display the local Zone’s filesystem, and the remote Zone(s) path(s) must be entered manually if they are to differ (please ensure they are correct before creating the rule).

Path mapping cannot be altered after the replication rule has been created. If a change is required, the rule will need to be removed and created again.

Once complete, click Add.

You can create multiple replication rules at once by following the same procedure again. If you need to remove a rule, just click the x next to it in the Rules to be created list.

Figure 115. Rules to be created
You can now complete the creation of the New Rule(s) by clicking on the Create rules (N) button. However, there are some additional options available on the Advanced Options panel that you may need to configure. These are detailed in the following section.

Advanced Options - Replication Rules

Click on Advanced Options to display the additional options.

Figure 116. Create rule - advanced options

For non-cloud based deployments

Shared Encrypted KMS: In deployments where multiple zones share a command Key Management Service (KMS), then enable this parameter to specify a virtual prefix path.
Preserve Origin Block Size: The option to preserve the block size from the originating file system is required when Hadoop has been set up to use a columnar storage solution such as Apache Parquet (this is common for Hive related data). If you are using a columnar storage format in any of your applications then you should enable this option to ensure that each file sits within the same HDFS block.
Preserve Replication Factor: By default, data that is shared between clusters will follow the local cluster’s replication rules rather than preserve the replication rules of the originating cluster. When this option is enabled, the replication factor of the originating cluster is preserved.

For all deployments

Schedule Consistency Checks: Select this option to set a consistency check interval that is specific to the rule and overrides the default value set in the Consistency Check section of the Settings tab. The consistency check can be set hourly, weekly or daily.
Exclude from replication: This lets you set an exclude pattern to indicate files and directories in your Replication Rules that are not to be replicated. See Exclude from replication for more information.
Ignored Zones: By using Ignored Zones, it is possible to block all write operations from one Zone to another. Select the applicable Zones to create a unidirectional restriction from one Zone to another. See Ignore Zones for a replicated rule for more information.

Exclude from replication

In the Advanced Options for a replication rule, exclusion rules can be defined for files and/or directories. These exclusion rules will prevent specified files or directories from being replicated between Zones. They will also be ignored during consistency checks so that only relevant comparisons are made between filesystems/object stores.

This feature can be used to prevent the replication of temporary system files that may not be required for replication (such as the Hive staging directories). The entry field will accept specific directories and files, or a glob pattern (text with wildcard (*) characters) that will match a set of directories and/or files.

Path interpretation

If the path contains a leading slash (/), Fusion will assume it is an absolute path. If it contains no leading slash then Fusion will assume it is a relative path and the root directory will be added to the beginning of the exclusion.

Default Exclusions

The following glob patterns are automatically excluded from replication:

/**/.fusion
/**/.fusion/**

These directories store Fusion’s housekeeping files, it should always be excluded in the global zone properties (even after an upgrade). It contains data relevant to the local nodes in the Zone.

/**/.Trash
/**/.Trash/**

Trash directories are excluded by default but can be removed if required.

/**/.hive-staging**

Hive staging directories are created temporarily as part of normal Hive operations, therefore, they are excluded from replication by default.

Example of a custom exclusion

Requirement: Exclude all files in the replicated directory with the norep_ prefix.
Directory structure

/repl1/rep_a
/repl1/norep_b
/repl1/subdirectory/rep_c
/repl1/subdirectory1/norep_d
/repl1/subdirectory2/rep_e
/repl1/subdirectory2/norep_e

Required rule

**/norep_*

Exclusion patterns do not need to reference an absolute path. Patterns are automatically treated as relative to the replication rule.

Example
Do not use /repl1/subdirectory2/no_rep_3, instead use /subdirectory/no_rep_3.
Take care when adding exclusion rules as there is no validation contained within the Fusion UI.

Ignore Zones for a replicated rule

By using Ignored Zones, it is possible to block all write operations (such as deletes) from one Zone to another. This includes both Live replication and Make consistent operations.

A common use-case for this feature would be to block all incoming write operations from a Disaster Recovery (DR) Zone to a Production (Prod) Zone. If a user performs a delete of a file in the DR zone or initiates a Make consistent operation with the DR zone as the source of truth, the Ignored zone restriction would prevent any changes on the Production zone.

Setting an Ignored Zone in a replication rule

In Advanced Options, when creating a rule or editing an existing one, there is an option to set a unidirectional (one-way) restriction from one Zone to another.

Figure 117. Ignored Zones

The Zone that is set to be ignoring is selected on the left, and the Zone to be ignored is selected on the right. Once the Zone relationship is defined, Add the restriction.

Figure 118. Ignored Zones example

Select to Update if it is an existing rule, or Create rules (N) if it is new (and if everything else is complete).

View/Edit Replication Rule

If you click on the name of the Replication Rule (Resource column) in the Replication tab, you will be able to view and edit the details of the rule:

Figure 119. Replication Rule Details

The View/Edit tab lets you view details or make changes to selected properties of the Rule:

Writer: Indicates which node is set to handle writes for this rule in the local zone. It can be reassigned by selecting the Reassign option, see Writer selection for guidance.
Edit Rule Name: Displays the correct Rule name in gray, this can be edited by entering a new name and selecting the Update button.
Path for this zone: The file path for the replication rule in question and its size.
Zones: The zones that are included for the replication rule.
Priority Zone: You can change the Priority Zone if the rule exists on an even number of Fusion nodes. If there is an odd number of nodes, the Priority Zone selection is only available with an even number of Nodes message will display.
Advanced Options: Various advanced options that can be set for a replication rule. See Advanced Options for guidance.

Remove a Rule

To remove a rule, simply tick the checkbox next to the no longer needed rule(s) and click Remove.

Figure 120. Remove a Replication Rule

6.4.3. Path Mapping

Path mapping allows you to replicate content between different directories in each Zone.

Example

Path to be replicated

Zone A = /repl/source_path

Destination paths

Zone B = /repl/destination_path_X

Zone C = /repl/destination_path_Y

This can be configured when creating a Replication Rule, please see the Create a rule section for details on how to do this.

6.4.4. Username Translations

Per-zone username translation allows mappings to be defined based on the name of the originating zone and the username, rather than just the username.

If there is no username translation rule for the requesting zone, the default is to not translate.

Constraints on Username mapping

All nodes of the same zone must have the same translation - this happens automatically as any change made in the UI is replicated to all nodes and zones.
Mappings only exist as a one-way relationship between two zones, regardless of how many zones are inducted.
The source and destination zones must be different. You cannot translate users in the local zone using this tool.
Translated users must have appropriate permissions on the destination directories (i.e. write privileges).
It is not possible for a username to be matched against more than one rule. If a clash is found, the edit will be rejected.
If the translated username defined for the destination zone is not found, the original (i.e. source) username will be used.
Once a rule is created, it will take up to a maximum of 20 seconds to become active. If the username translation is not active after this point, please check the Fusion UI logs or contact WANdisco support.

Usernames are not included in consistency checks if username translation is enabled. If any nodes that take part in a consistency check have the Username Translation feature enabled, then inconsistencies in the user field will be ignored. Therefore, when making zones consistent, usernames will remain different for files and directories that are otherwise consistent.

How to set up Username Translations

To set up username translation, see the Username Translation Setup section.

6.4.5. Consistency Check

The Consistency Check tool is used to confirm that the files and metadata that are managed under a replication rule are consistent between zones. Perform consistency checks when you add new data into replication, periodically to monitor the state of replication or as part of a make consistent operation.

Performing a Consistency Check

There are two different ways of doing a Consistency Check:

Consistency Check by Checkbox
Consistency Check by Resource or Status link

Consistency Check by Checkbox

Select a Path from the Replication Rules table using the check box column.

Figure 121. Consistency Check - Checkbox
The rule-specific options on the top of the panel will no longer be greyed-out. Click on the Consistency Check button.

Figure 122. Consistency Check - Check
The selected rule will now be checked in the background.

Figure 123. Consistency Check - Check Pending

The results will appear in the Consistency column as either "Unchecked", "Consistent" or "Inconsistent". Clicking the status result will take you to the Consistency Check tab.

Consistency Check by link

You can go to the Consistency Check tab by clicking on the status link in the Status column, or the Path link.

Figure 124. Consistency Check - click link

Consistency Check tab

On the Consistency Check tab, trigger the type of Consistency check you want - see Trigger check for the differences between blocking and non-blocking consistency checks.

Figure 125. Consistency Check tab - Trigger Check

A status message appears at the top of the panel that indicates if and when a consistency check has recently been performed on this path.

Reload results: You can click on Reload results to view the cached results from a previous check. Viewing the results does not require that another check be run but the results may not be up-to-date.

Trigger check: Click to run a new consistency check. This consistency check is non-blocking and is the default type of check that is made through the tool. The non-blocking mechanism flags any path that has been changed during the check as "dirty" and is not evaluated for consistency.

Non-blocking Consistency Check

The non-blocking consistency check mechanism (introduced in Fusion 2.11) allows information on consistency state to be determined without blocking other activity while the check is underway. It takes advantage of tracking the state of changes to content under check during execution and produces information for each item checked that covers the states: consistent, not-consistent, potentially inconsistent.

Trigger blocking check: In environments with high rates of change, you may need to block activity on the path for a more accurate check of consistency between zones. For example, this may be used to guarantee consistency of a path after a migration of data is complete.

Based on the results, you may want to run a make consistent operation. On the same tab, you will also be able to make consistent per file or bulk make consistent.

Scheduled Consistency Check

The Consistency Check section under the Settings tab allows you to enable or disable scheduled consistency checks, alter the default check interval and change the consistency check report limit.

See the Consistency Check section for further guidance.

It is also possible to set a different schedule for each specific replication rule using the Advanced Options available when setting up or editing a Replication Rule. See Create a Rule or View/Edit Replication Rule for details.

6.4.6. Make Consistent

Make Consistent per file

On the Consistency Check tab, depending on the number of inconsistencies, you will be able to perform make consistent operations per file and directory.

Figure 126. Consistency Check

Username Translation

If any nodes that take part in a consistency check have the Username Translation feature enabled, then inconsistencies in the "user" field will be ignored.

Path

The path to the replication rule currently being viewed for consistency.

Properties

The system properties for the rule, including the following properties:

Length: - byte length of the file (in kilobytes).
Is a directory: - distinguishes files from directories (true or false).
Owner: - Owning system account.
Group: - Associated system account group.
Permissions: - File permissions applied to the element.
ACLs: - Associated Access Control Lists for the element.

Zone columns

Columns will appear for each replicated zone and will contain the details labelled in the Properties field.

Source of truth

From the available zones, you must choose the one that represents the most up-to-date state.

Resolve

Once you have selected from the available zones, click the Resolve button.

Figure 127. replication rule - Preserve extraneous files

Per file example

Compare the inconsistent states of the consistency check result. You need to identify which version of the file/metadata is correct/most up-to-date, then set the zone on which it is located as the Source of truth.

Figure 128. Bulk Make Consistent
Once selected, click Resolve.

Figure 129. Resolve
Select the options for Replace and Preserve that you wish to apply to the make consistent operation. You can see an explanation for each action in the Make Consistent type HCFS section.

Figure 130. Make Consistent handling rules
A confirmation message will display the status of the make consistent operation. You should see "Fix requested" appear in a green background in the Source of truth box. This indicates that the fix has been submitted. You will need to rerun the consistency check to confirm that the issue is fixed.

Figure 131. Fix requested

Bulk make consistent

When a large number of inconsistencies are found, you don’t need to manually set each make consistent operation, instead you can use Bulk make consistent to set the rules for a collective operation that applies to multiple paths.

Select Bulk resolve inconsistencies from the dropdown, this will reveal the make consistent tool screen.

Figure 132. Bulk Make Consistent
Select the options for Recursive, Replace and Preserve that you wish to apply to the make consistent operation. You can see an explanation for each action in the Make Consistent type HCFS section.
Once you click Make Consistent, you will get a confirmation request. Click Confirm to continue.

Figure 133. Bulk Make Consistent confirmation
Next, you will receive a confirmation message that the request has been submitted successfully.

Figure 134. Request submitted

Rerun the Consistency Check to confirm that all issues have now been resolved.

Make Consistent tab

The Make Consistent tab provides a tool for resolving file inconsistencies between available zones. The tool provides two different types of operations, based on the option you select from the Make Consistent Type dropdown.

Figure 135. Make Consistent Type Dropdown

HCFS Make Consistent: this is an operation on live Hadoop Compatible File System. This method is the most direct for making file systems consistent, although running it will stop writes to the replication rule in the local zone. The block is removed once the operation completes.
Checkpoint Make Consistent: this option uses the fsimage checkpoints created by Hadoop’s admin tool. The use of a snapshot from the namenode ensures that the local filesystem does not get locked during the operation.

Blocking vs Non-blocking Make Consistent

From Fusion 2.12 onwards, make consistent operation defaults to a new non-blocking mechanism that does not block other operations that may be attempted against a location currently being made consistent while that task is in process. This can make the operations less obtrusive, although there are still some situations where the old blocking form of make consistent operation may be required.

By not blocking other activities, during its operation, a Non-blocking Make Consistent can only offer a best-effort attempt to resolve metadata inconsistencies, and may suffer from failures if data that is subject to the make consistent is modified after the sync was initiated.

Limits of Non-blocking Make Consistent

Non-blocking make consistent operations are not compatible with checkpoint repairs.
Consistency checks cannot be executed in parallel to non-blocking make consistent operations.
Non-blocking make consistent operations should not be allowed to run when bypass is enabled.

Make Consistent type HCFS

Figure 136. HCFS make consistent

Run through the following procedure to perform a make consistent operation:

Select the Source of truth from the dropdown. This will flag one of the available zones as most up-to-date / most correct in terms of stored data.
Select from three Resolution types, Recursive, Replace or Preserve (select all that apply). The Resolution description will alter based on your selection.

Recursive

If checkbox is ticked, this option will cause the path and all files under it to be made consistent. The default is true, but is ignored if the path represents a file.

Clarification on running without Recursive operation

A make consistent operation that is run without the Recursive option will not work successfully on the contents of any subfolders in the target directory of your replication rule, however it will apply to all contained files and folders, but not the contents of those subfolders.

Example make consistent operation run on /mnt/nfs/dir1 with "no recursive" option.

/mnt/nfs/dir1 - made consistent (no recursive)
/mnt/nfs/dir1/file1 - made consistent
/mnt/nfs/dir1/file2 - made consistent
/mnt/nfs/dir1/subdirectory/file3 - not made consistent
/mnt/nfs/dir1/subdirectory/file4 - not made consistent

Replace: If checkbox is ticked, when the make consistent operation is executed in a zone that is not the source zone, any duplicate files and directories will be overwritten.

Opting not to replace produces inconsistent results when there are pre-existing directories or files. Specifically, if a user attempts to make a path consistent which has files of the same name which exist in both zones, these files will not be affected by the repair if replace is not selected. This will leave the path inconsistent once the repair completes.

The following table shows what to expect when running (and finishing) a Blocking Make Consistent with the Replace checkbox unticked (no attempt to overwrite pre-existing data). To be clear, the outcomes for files or directories are inconsistent.

Table 4. Results from a Blocking Make Consistent with no Replace option
Local Directory Exist	Local Files Exist	Make Consistent Outcome	Remaining
No	No	Make Consistent "complete" (Operation completes as expected)	= 0
No	Yes	Make Consistent remains "incomplete"	= 0
Yes	No	Make Consistent "complete"	> 0
Yes	Yes	Make Consistent "incomplete"	> 0

Preserve: If checkbox is ticked, when the make consistent operation is executed in a zone that is not the source zone, any data that exists in that zone but not the source zone will be retained and not removed.
Non-blocking: When checkbox is ticked, the file system changes that take place after the make consistent operation has been started. This option is ticked by default. You might untick the option if your replicated data environment has high rates of change, where you need to block HDFS client operations during a consistency check to get any useful information about consistency.

Make consistent type Checkpoint

Figure 137. Checkpoint type Make Consistent operation

Running initial make consistent operations

If you have a large directory you can parallelize the initial make consistent operation using the Fusion API. This can be accomplished on a single file or a whole directory. Choosing a directory will push all files from the source to the target regardless of existence at the target.

Consider the following directory structure for a fusion replication rule /home

/home
/home/fileA
/home/fileB
/home/userDir1
/home/userDir2
/home/userDir3

We could run a bulk resolve in the UI against the /home directory, however, to provide parallelism of the make consistent operations we can use the Fusion API to issue make consistent operations against each directory and the individual files in the /home directory.

Cancelling a make consistent operation

In the event that a make consistent operation gets stuck, or for some reason needs to be cancelled, this can be actioned from the Make Consistent tab. Ongoing make consistent operations are noted with a label on the Replication Rule screen.

Figure 138. Fusion make consistent operation underway label

Cancel an ongoing make consistent operation by going to the Make Consistent History panel on the Make Consistent tab and clicking the Cancel Make Consistent button.

Figure 139. Fusion make consistent cancellation

Started: Identifies the rule path under make consistent operation. Click the Details button for more information about the state of the process.
Local Status: Will show as Completed or Making Consistent.
Initiating Node: Shows the node from which the make consistent proposal was created.
Started: Time-stamp for the start of the make consistent.
Elapsed: Amount of time that the make consistent operation has been underway.
Options: Lists the make consistent options selected for the operation. For an explanation of their meaning, see Make Consistent Type HCFS.
Cancel Make Consistent Operation: If an operation is still underway, there is a Cancel button available that lets you halt it.

Make Consistent via REST API

See the API repair section for further information and examples.

6.4.7. File Transfers

The File Transfer panel shows the movement of data coming into the zone. The current transfer speed is displayed.

Figure 140. File Transfer

The File Transfer list can be filtered or sorted by column.

6.4.8. Bandwidth management

Enterprise License only

The Bandwidth Management tools are only enabled on clusters that are running on an Enterprise license. See the Deployment Checklist for details about License Types.

The bandwidth management tools provide two additional areas of functionality to support Enterprise deployments.

Limit the rate of outgoing traffic to each other zone.
Limit the rate of incoming traffic from each other zone.

Any applicable bandwidth limits are replicated across your nodes and applied on a per-zone basis.

The Fusion Nodes screen will display current incoming traffic for the local zone. You will need to log in to the Fusion UI on a node within each Zone to see all incoming traffic levels.

Setting up bandwidth limits

Use this procedure to set up bandwidth limits between your zones.

On the Nodes page in the Fusion UI, click on the Set bandwidth limits button that will be present for the local zone.

Figure 141. Set bandwidth limits

The Maximum bandwidth dialog will open. For each remote zone you can set maximum Outgoing and Incoming values, either by typing in your value or using the arrows in the box. Entered values are in Mibit (Megabits).
The default value is 0 which indicates unlimited bandwidth.

Figure 142. Maximum bandwidth entry dialog

Outgoing: The provided value will be used as the bandwidth limit for data being sent from the local zone.
Incoming: The provided value will be used as the bandwidth limit for data being received into the local zone. Note that any Incoming value applied will also change the remote zone(s) Outgoing limit for data being sent to this local zone.

When you have set your bandwidth values, click Update to apply these settings to your deployment.

6.4.9. Reporting

The following section details the reporting tools that WANdisco Fusion currently provides.

Consistency Check

The consistency check mechanism lets you verify that replicated HDFS data is consistent between sites. Read about Handling file inconsistencies.

Consistency Checks through WANdisco Fusion UI

Username Translation

If any nodes that take part in a consistency check have the Username Translation feature enabled, then inconsistencies in the "user" field will be ignored.

Figure 143. Replication Rules table - indicates if inconsistencies are detected.

Consistency

Consistency Status

A status which links to the consistency check report. It can report Check Pending, Inconsistent, Consistent or Unknown.

Last Check: Shows the time and date of the check that produced the current status. By default, Consistency checks are not automatically run.
Next Check: Shows the time and date of the next automatically scheduled Consistency Check. Remember, you don’t need to wait for this automatic check, you can trigger a consistency check at any time through the Consistency Check tool.

Click on the Consistency/Inconsistency link to get more information about the consistency check results for a selected path.

File Transfer Report

As a file is being pulled into the local zone, the transfer is recorded in the WANdisco Fusion server and can be monitored for progress.

Use the REST API filter by the replicated path and sort by ascending or descending "complete time" or "start time":

GET /fusion/fs/transfers?path=[virtualPath]&sortField=[completeTime*|startTime]&order=[DESC*|ASC]&showAll=[false*|true]

In the above call defaults are marked as *.

File transfer Report Output

Example output showing an in-progress and completed transfer:

<fileTransfers>
    <fileTransfer>
        <startTime>1426020372314</startTime>
        <elapsedTime>4235</elapsedTime>
        <completeTime>1426020372434</completeTime>
        <username>wandisco</username>
        <familyRepresentativeId>
            <nodeId>f5255a0b-bcfc-40c0-b2a7-64546f571f2a</nodeId>
            <dsmId>93452fe3-c755-11e4-911e-5254001ba4b1</dsmId>
        </familyRepresentativeId>
        <file>/tmp/repl/isoDEF._COPYING_<;/file>
        <remoteFs>hdfs://vmhost5-vm4.frem.wandisco.com:8020</remoteFs>
        <origin>dc1<;/origin>
        <size>4148166656</size>
        <remaining>4014477312</remaining>
        <bytesSec>3.3422336E7</bytesSec>
        <percentRemaining>96.77714626516683</percentRemaining>
        <state>in progress</state>
    </fileTransfer>

    <fileTransfer>
        <startTime>1426019512082</startTime>
        <elapsedTime>291678</elapsedTime>
        <completeTime>1426019803760</completeTime>
        <username>wandisco</username>
        <familyRepresentativeId>
            <nodeId>f5255a0b-bcfc-40c0-b2a7-64546f571f2a</nodeId>
            <dsmId>93452fe3-c755-11e4-911e-5254001ba4b1</dsmId>
        </familyRepresentativeId>
        <file>/tmp/repl/isoABC</file>
        <remoteFs>hdfs://vmhost5-vm4.frem.wandisco.com:8020</remoteFs>
        <origin>dc1</origin>
        <size>4148166656</size>
        <remaining>0</remaining>
        <bytesSec>1.4221733E7</bytesSec>
        <percentRemaining>0.0</percentRemaining>
        <state>complete</state>
    </fileTransfer>
</fileTransfers>

Output key with data type

Username: System user performing the transfer. (String)
File name: Name of the file being transferred. (String)
Remote FS: The file of the originating node. (URI)
Origin: The file’s originating Zone. (String)
Size: The cumulative size of data transferred. (Long)
Appends: The number of appends that have been made to the file being transferred. (Long)
AppendSize: The size of the latest append.
Remaining: Remaining bytes still to be transferred for the latest append. (Long)
Percent remaining: Percentage of the file still to be transferred. (Double)
Bytes/Sec: The current rate of data transfer, i.e. Amount of file downloaded so far / elapsed download time. (Long)
State: One of "in progress", "incomplete", "completed", "appending", "append complete", "deleted" or "failed". (TransferState)
In progress: means we are performing an initial pull of the file.
Appending: means data is currently being pulled and appended to the local file.
Append completed: means all available data has been pulled and appended to the local file, although more data could be requested later.

Note: files can be renamed, moved or deleted while we pull the data, in which case the state will become "incomplete".
When the remote file is closed and all of its data has been pulled, the state will then change to "Complete".
If a file is deleted while we are trying to pull the end state will be "deleted".
If the transfer fails the state will be "failed".
Start Time: The time when the transfer started. (Long)
Elapsed Time: Time that has so far elapsed during the transfer. Once the transfer completes it is then a measure of the time between starting the transfer and completing. (Long)
Complete Time: During the transfer this is an estimate for the complete time based on rate of through-put so far. Once the transfer completes this will be the actual time at completion. (Long)
Delete Time: If the file is deleted then this is the time the file was deleted from the underlying filesystem. (Long)

6.4.10. Record retention

Records are not persisted and are cleared up on a restart. The log records are truncated to stop an unbounded use of memory, and the current implementation is as follows:

For each state machine, if there are more than 1,000 entries in its list of transfers we remove the oldest transfers ,sorted by complete time, which are in a terminal state ("completed", "failed" or "deleted") until the size of the list is equal to 1,000. The check on the number of records in the list is performed every hour.

6.4.11. Renaming files and directories

Files and directories under replication can be renamed. However if one or more zones is encrypted, and the others are not, then the rename may fail. See the Hadoop documentation for more information.

This rename failure will happen in the following circumstances:

The file/directory in the originating cluster is not in an encrypted zone, or the rename means the file/directory remains within the same encrypted zone, but, the rename will result in the file/directory moving into or out of an encrypted zone in the target cluster.
- Result: The rename will complete on the source cluster but will fail in target clusters.
When the rename of a file/directory in the originating cluster will result in a move out of, into or between encrypted zones, but, in the target cluster there will be no movement in relation to encrypted zones.
- Result: The rename will fail on the source cluster but will complete in target clusters.

Example

The path /repl1/a is defined in a replication rule and it contains the file or directory /repl1/a/b/c.
In Zone A, there is no encrypted zone. In Zone B, there is an encrypted zone of /repl1/a/b.

In this set up, if the command hdfs dfs -mv /repl1/a/b/c /repl1/a/X/c is run on Zone A, then the rename will work on Zone A but it will fail on Zone B. This is because c is being moved from within the encrypted zone /repl1/a/b to outside of it in /repl1/a/X.

6.5. Administration

6.5.1. Manual Bypass

Manual bypass allows clients to bypass WANdisco Fusion. It can be used for WANdisco Fusion maintenance and troubleshooting.

When manual bypass is enabled, consistency check and make consistent can still continue in both directions. Replication can also continue from the remote zone to the zone with the bypass in place.

The warning 'This zone is not actively replicating' is displayed on the Fusion dashboard when manual bypass is enabled.

Figure 144. Manual Bypass enabled

Connecting to Fusion

Client access to Fusion is mostly defined by URI selection. This is specified during installation, or via the Settings tab on the Fusion UI of an established deployment. It can also be controlled manually by amending the cluster core-site directly, though your cluster manager (CM, Ambari, etc)

URI Selection

There are two parameters that are modified according to your needs. You can modify the default HDFS "implementation" (fs.hdfs.imp) to point at Fusion instead of the default Hadoop HDFS client, or we add a whole new "fusion". Note the fourth option, in the table below; you can run both URIs in parallel.

URI core-site parameter points to Fusion class:

hdfs:// with HDFS

fs.hdfs.impl

com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs

fusion:// with HCFS

fs.fusion.impl

com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHcfs

fusion:// with HDFS

fs.fusion.impl

com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs

fusion:// & hdfs:// with HDFS

fs.hdfs.impl & fs.fusion.impl

both point to com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs

You can create your own implementation by defining a new .impl parameter and pointing it at a class that handles the filesystem commands of your choice. E.g., fs.fusion.impl could be renamed (or exist in conjunction with) fs.secret.impl, which would mean any filesystem commands to path prefixed with secret:// get handled by the Fusion class as well.

Bypass Option

With the HDFS URI, Fusion sits in the write path for all cluster filesystem edits, so a complete Fusion outage would prevent any cluster write operations. The bypass option allows clients to write directly to the local cluster, preventing a block on cluster activity. The bypass can be enabled from the UI or through the following manual process.

<property>
	<name>fusion.client.can.bypass</name>
	<value>true</value>
</property>

By default, when the parameter is missing, it’s set to false. With it set to true, if all the Fusion servers are down in a zone then the client writes directly to the underlyingFS. If you perform any client operations via command line you should see the following additional output:

Bypassing enabled with ResponseWaitTime(secs): X, RetryInterval(secs): Y.

You may also see the following additional output after it bypasses to the underlying:

Bypassing triggered for Y seconds.

The other parameter to adjust the response time and retry interval for long-running clients:

<property>
	<name>fusion.client.bypass.retry.interval.secs</name>
	<value>integer number representing seconds; default is 60</value>
</property>

fusion.client.bypass.retry.interval.secs: is the number of seconds for which the client will stay "bypassed" before trying Fusion again.

Hiding the Fusion servers and Manual Fast Bypass

The bypass procedure is not just for handling node failure, there may be occasions that you wish to hide Fusion from the clients so that bypass happens while Fusion servers are up and running, during maintenance, application troubleshooting, or performing tests commands with and without Fusion, etc.

The reason for doing this are:

it enables consistency check and make consistent to continue operating, in both directions.
it allows replication to continue from the remote zone to the zone with the bypass in place
it prevents stopped nodes from accidentally sidelining if down too long
it allows individual clients to continue contacting Fusion server for testing / troubleshooting (if they’re then configured without repl_exchange_dir)

A Manual Fast Bypass flag available as part of the replicated exchange directory feature. If your clusters is configured with the replicated_exchange_dir then adding a subdirectory called "bypass" to the repl_exchange_dir tells your Fusion Clients to treat all folders as non-repl, and to therefore not contact the Fusion server at all. This is, in effect, a quick way to hide the Fusion servers. Clients will continue to bypass Fusion until the "bypass" flag is deleted.

bypass parameter

<property>
<name>fs.fusion.client.can.bypass</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>

By default the parameter is missing, so is therefore "false".
When set to true, if all the Fusion servers are down in a zone then the client writes directly to the underlyingFS. If you perform any client operations via command line you should see the following additional output:

Bypassing enabled with ResponseWaitTime(secs): X, RetryInterval(secs): Y.

You may also see the following additional output after it bypasses to the underlying:

Bypassing triggered for Y seconds.

Bypass utility script

Using the bypass utility script, bypass paths can be created under the configured replicated exchange directory. For more information on using this script see the Knowledge base article Fusion Bypass Utility Script.

6.5.2. Starting up

To start WANdisco Fusion UI:

Open a terminal window on the server and log in with suitable file permissions.

Run the fusion-ui-server service from the /etc/init.d directory:

rwxrwxrwx  1 root root    47 Apr 10 16:05 fusion-ui-server -> /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/bin/fusion-ui-server

Run the script with the start command:
```
# ./fusion-ui-server start

Starting fusion-ui-server:.                         [  OK  ]
```
WANdisco Fusion starts. Read more about the fusion-ui-server init.d script.
Also you can invoke the service directly. e.g.
```
# service fusion-ui-server stop/start
```

6.5.3. Shutting down

To shut down:

Open a terminal window on the server and log in with suitable file permissions.

Run the WANdisco Fusion UI service, located in the init.d directory:

rwxrwxrwx  1 root root    47 Dec 10 16:05 fusion-ui-server -> /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/bin/fusion-ui-server

Run the stop script:

# ./fusion-ui-server stop
stopping fusion-ui-server:                                   [  OK  ]

The process shuts down.

Shutdowns take some time

The shutdown script attempts to stop processes in order before completing, as a result you may find that (from WANdisco Fusion 2.1.3) shutdowns may take up to a minute to complete.

6.5.4. init.d management script

The start-up script for persistent running of WANdisco Fusion is in the /etc/init.d directory. Run the script with the help command to list the available commands:

# service fusion-ui-server help
  usage: ./fusion-ui-server (start|stop|restart|force-reload|status|version)

start Start Fusion services
stop Stop Fusion services
restart Restart Fusion services
force-reload Restart Fusion services
status Show the status of Fusion services
version Show the version of Fusion

Check the running status (with current process ID):

# service fusion-ui-server status
Checking delegate:not running                              [  OK  ]
Checking ui:running with PID 17579                         [  OK  ]

Check the version:

# service fusion-ui-server  version
1.0.0-83

6.5.5. NameNode Proxy service management

If you need to restart the NameNode Proxy service then go to the cluster manager and restart the service there.

If running the stop command, you must ensure that Fall-through is in place and activated. If there is no form of failsafe in place, client requests will not reach the NameNode.

6.5.6. Managing cluster restarts

WANdisco Fusion’s replication system is deeply tied to the cluster’s file system (HDFS). If HDFS is shut down, the WANdisco Fusion server will no longer be able to write to HDFS, stopping replication even if the cluster is brought back up.

To avoid replication problems:

Where possible, avoid doing a full shutdown. Instead, restart services to trigger a rolling restart of datanodes.
If a full shutdown is done, you should do a rolling restart off all WANdisco Fusion nodes in the corresponding zone. A rolling restart ensures that you will keep the existing quorum.

6.5.7. Managing services through the WANdisco Fusion UI

Providing that the UI service is running, you can stop and start WANdisco Fusion through the Nodes tab.

Figure 145. Stop Node via Fusion Node tab

The Fusion Nodes table shows the:

Name: The node name. Labels in this column indicate which node is the local node or give links to the remote nodes.
Jump to node/Local Node: Button indicates the Local Node or provides a link to other nodes. The address to jump between nodes can be changed on the Settings page of the relevant node.
Fusion Status: The status of the node.
Last updated: The time and date of the last change on the node.
IP Address:Port: The IP address and Fusion port (default is 6444).

From the top bar of the table you can induct a new node as well as stop and start nodes.

The UI for managing WANdisco Fusion can be accessed through a browser, providing you have network access and the port that the UI is listening on is not blocked.

http://<url-for-the-server>:<UI port>

e.g.

http://wdfusion-static-0.dev.organisation.com:8083/ui/

You should not need to add the /ui/ at the end, you should be redirected there automatically.

Figure 146. Dashboard

Currently you need to use the same username and password that are required for your platform manager, e.g. Cloudera Manager or Ambari. In a future release we will separate WANdisco Fusion UI from the manager and use a new set of credentials.

LDAP/Active Directory and WANdisco Fusion login

If your Cloudera-based cluster uses LDAP/Active Directory to handle authentication then please note that a user that is added to an LDAP group will not automatically be assigned the corresponding Administrator role in the internal Cloudera Manager database. A new user in LDAP that is assigned an Admin role will, by default, not be able to log in to WANdisco Fusion. To be allowed to log in, they must first be changed to an administrator role type from within Cloudera Manager.

Running without LDAP-based Authn/Authz (CDH/CDP)

CDH/CDP hold their own database of Cloudera Manager users, and has authz roles for them (RO, Full Admin etc.) We only allow Fusion UI logins for manager users who have full admin privileges.

Note that the internal database is NOT synchronized with the external auth providers, e.g., there may be an LDAP group that CDH/CDP regards as full admin, but the role is NOT entered into the internal database, so without manual intervention, these users will be denied access to the Fusion UI.

The above functionality appears to be session-based, in that, if one of these users logs in to the manager and views their profile, it could indicate that they have full admin privileges. The simple workaround is the use Fusion’s LDAP integration.

For more information about setting up the LDAP/AD sync, see LDAP/ Active Directory.

The procedure to change the user/password credentials differs depending on whether you are using Fusion with a manager or without a manager (e.g. cloud deployments), in the zone.

With a manager

When using a manager, you need to use your manager’s username and password. To make changes to authentication you need to handle this through your manager. For information about how to do this, you will need to review your manager’s documentation.

UI authentication of the manager

If you are using a zone with a manager use the following steps to change the UI’s authentication for your manager, which allows it to inspect settings and cluster status and update configuration.

Generate a new hash for your password using:

/opt/wandisco/fusion/tools/bin/encrypt-password.sh

On each Fusion server, edit /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/properties/ui.properties and update the following properties with the new credentials:
```
manager.username
manager.encrypted.password
```
Restart Fusion UI server, see init.d management script.
```
service fusion-ui-server restart
```
Repeat procedure for all WANdisco Fusion server nodes in the zone. Note that you can reuse the hash generated in step 1, you do not need to create a new one for each password.

Without a manager

This section covers the use of login credentials that are not controlled by a cluster manager.

Generate a new password

If you need to reset a lost password, or if you don’t have a Hadoop manager in the zone, for example if you are using a Cloud zone, use the following steps to set, change or reset lost login credentials:

Generate a default admin user.password using the following command.

manager user (access to the UI but not LDAP or super user settings)

cd /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server
java -cp fusion-ui-server.jar com.wandisco.fusionui.authn.ResetPasswordRunner -f /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/properties/ui.properties

Confirm your new password. This will automatically update the user.password property in the ui.properties file. This file also may contain the properties super.user.username, for Fusion Administrator and manager.username, for the default manager user, which are used for storing the account usernames, and may be updated with a manual edit, if required.

Restart Fusion UI server, see init.d management script.
```
service fusion-ui-server restart
```
Repeat procedure for all WANdisco Fusion server nodes in the zone.

Generate a new password for the Fusion Administrator

This function is applicable for deployments where a Fusion Administrator has been set up, for which the deployment must be running with a cluster manager.

Follow the instructions provided, above with the following command, used instead:

Fusion Administrator password change

cd /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server
java -cp fusion-ui-server.jar  com.wandisco.fusionui.authn.ResetPasswordRunner -s -f /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/properties/ui.properties

6.5.9. Authentication misalignment

There are four possible scenarios concerning how LDAP authentication can align and potentially misalign with the internal CM database:

User has full access in CM, denied access in WANdisco Fusion UI

User is in the Full Administrator group in LDAP
User is left as the default read-only in the internal Cloudera Manager database

User has full access in CM, full access in WANdisco Fusion UI

User is in the Full Administrator group in LDAP
User is changed Full Administrator in the internal Cloudera Manager database

User has read-only access in CM, denied access to WANdisco Fusion UI

User is removed from the Full Administrator group in LDAP and added to the read-only group
User is left as the default read-only in the internal Cloudera Manager database

User has read-only access to CM, Full access to WANdisco Fusion UI

User is removed from the Full Administrator group in LDAP and added to the read-only group
User is set as Full Administrator in the internal Cloudera Manager database + Clearly this scenario represents a serious access control violation, administrators must audit WANdisco Fusion users in Cloudera Manager.

6.5.10. Set up email notifications

Email notifications can be set up in the Fusion UI for monitoring purposes, there are multiple scenarios in which emails can be sent.

An SMTP server is also required to enable this feature, see the Email Notifications section for guidance on setting up this feature.

6.6. Maintenance

6.6.1. Remove / add nodes

As of WANdisco Fusion 2.15, you can add and remove nodes from the ecosystem.

Please contact WANdisco support before attempting to add or remove a node, as if not planned sufficiently it can have detrimental effects.

Remove a node

To remove a node you need to be on a different node within the same zone.

Before removing a node you need to ensure:

the node is stopped
no client configurations reference the node

To remove a node

On the Nodes tab, click on the node you want to remove.
In the Non-local WANdisco Fusion Server section, click Remove in Manage the node.
You will be asked to confirm the name of the node you are removing.
Your node will now be removed. This involves re-assigning writers if applicable, removing the nodes from replication rules and then removing it from the ecosystem.
Now remove the node from the fusion.server property in the core-site.xml.
If you are using NameNode Proxy, now restart the NameNode Proxy server.

Add a node

You cannot re-add a node that has already been removed. If you do need to do this please contact WANdisco support.
You must be on a node in the zone you want to add your node to, but not on the new node itself.
If you are using the Plugin for Databricks Delta Lake or Live Hive, check the relevant user guides for details of when to install these plugins on the new node.

The first part of adding a node is the same as induction.

Once this is completed you will need to add any existing replication rules. This step is crucial as it synchronizes the new node with the existing ecosystem.

If you are using NameNode Proxy, now restart the NameNode Proxy server.

Add existing rules to new nodes

On the Nodes tab, click + Add node again.
Follow the on screen instructions to complete adding nodes. This may involve jumping to another node.

Figure 147. Add rules to node

6.6.2. Pause and resume replication

It’s possible to pause replication for a path on a local node. Currently this functionality is only available through the REST API. See the API section for Pausing Replication.

6.6.3. Set path priority

It is possible to set a priority for replicated paths, either locally or across all zones. This functionality is only available through the REST API.

When proposals in Fusion have been agreed, and have no remaining dependant agreements, they are passed over to an execution pool. The priority of a path determines the order in which the executable agreements are submitted to the execution pool. The agreements with the highest priority path are passed into the pool first, meaning they are executed first.

See API section for Set Path Priority.

6.6.4. Writer selection

A writer is the term for a node that is responsible for all coordinated write operations on a given replicated path. There is one writer assigned for each path in a Zone.

The writer for a replicated path can be changed within the Fusion UI. This is used for the purposes of load balancing, and manual recovery from a node failure.

There are two methods to which writers can be reassigned, either by abdicating or revoking a node’s current assignment. This can be performed at the Node or Rule level.

Node level

This section will detail how to make writer changes at the node level. The node page of a given node can be accessed via the Nodes page in the Fusion UI.

Once on the Nodes page, select the node name in blue text to access its details.

Figure 148. Nodes page

Abdicate

When on the node page for a node which is healthy, the user can give away the writer status for a chosen number of rules, to another node in the zone.

Figure 149. Node level - abdicate

When selecting to Reassign, the user will then define how many replicated rules are to be reassigned, as well as selecting the new writer node.

Figure 150. Node level - reassign options

Once clicking on Confirm, the replicated paths will then be reassigned to the new writer.

Figure 151. Node level - abdicating

Revoke

When on the node page for a node which is unhealthy, the user is shown a button (Reassign), allowing them to revoke the writer status for all of the rules to which that node is the writer. This is a destructive action as it informs the rest of the nodes that this node is no longer operable, and therefore alters the state of the ecosystem by remapping the replicated path(s) to another node.

Figure 152. Node level - revoke writer

Once selecting the writer to be assigned the replicated rules, and clicking Confirm, the replicated paths will be revoked from the unhealthy node and reassigned to the new writer.

Figure 153. Node level - revoking

Rule level

This section will detail how to make writer changes at the replicated rule level. The page of a given replicated rule can be accessed via the Replication page in the Fusion UI.

Once on the Replication page, select the replicated rule in blue text (Resource column) to access its details.

Figure 154. Replication page

Abdicate

When on the page for a replicated rule where the writer node is in a healthy state, the user can select another node to become the writer for that rule.

Figure 155. Rule level - abdicate

When selecting to Reassign, the user will select the new writer node.

Figure 156. Rule level - reassign options

Once clicking on Confirm, the replicated paths will then be reassigned to the new writer.

Figure 157. Rule level - abdicating

Revoke

When on the page for a replicated rule where the writer node is in an unhealthy state, the user will be offered a link to view the node where they can revoke writer status for all rules assigned to the unhealthy node.

Figure 158. Rule level - revoke writer

Once selecting Jump to node, the user will be redirected to the node page of the unhealthy node. Once selecting to Reassign, the user will be presented with the same options as detailed in the Node level - Revoke section.

Figure 159. Node level - revoke writer

Once selecting the writer to be assigned the replicated rules, and clicking Confirm, the replicated paths will be revoked from the unhealthy node and reassigned to the new writer.

Figure 160. Node level - revoking

6.6.5. Tunables

Fine-tuning Replication

WANdisco’s patented replication engine, DConE, can be configured for different use cases, balancing between performance and resource costs. The following section looks at a number of tunable properties that can be used to optimize WANdisco Fusion for your individual deployment.

Increasing thread limit

WANdisco Fusion processes agreements using a set number of threads, 20 by default, which offers a good balance between performance and system demands.

It is possible, in cases where there are many Copy agreements arriving at the same time, that all available threads become occupied by the Copy commands. This will block the processing of any further agreements.

You can set WANdisco Fusion to reserve more threads, to protect against this type of bottleneck situation:

Increase executor.threads property

Make a backup copy of WANdisco Fusion’s applications config file /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties, then open the original in your preferred text editor.
Modify the property executor.threads.

Property Description Permitted Values Default Checked at…

executor.threads

The number of threads executing agreements in parallel.

1-Integer.MAX_VALUE

250

Startup

WANdisco Fusion Server snippet

Don’t go alone
Any upward adjustment will clearly increase the resourcing costs. Before you make any changes to replication system properties, you should open up discussions with WANdisco’s support team. Applying incorrect or inappropriate settings to the replication system may result in hard to diagnose problems.
Save your edited application.properties file, then restart WANdisco Fusion.

6.6.6. System Status on the dashboard

The WANdisco Fusion UI dashboard provides a view of WANdisco Fusion’s status. From the Cluster Graph you can identify which data centers are experiencing problems, track replication between data centers or monitor the usage of system resources.

Figure 161. Dashboard

UI Dashboard will indicate if there are problems with WANdisco Fusion on your cluster.

Environment

The environment icon identifies the type of file system being replicated. E.g.

Hadoop
Cloud
Local File System

Zone

The name of the zone that you are viewing.

Node

The name of the node that you are viewing.

Operations

Number of pending operations.

License Status

Shows the type of license in use. Evaluation, Production or Unlimited.

Data volume

Only shown if you are using an Evaluation license. This bar graph displays the volume of used data transfer, as a percentage value. The actual volume of replicated data can be viewed further down on the Dashboard.

Activity Graphs

Activity in the last hour: This graph shows the activity which occurred in the last hour.

Figure 162. License Limit
License Limit: Volume of Replicated Data: On nodes that have data limits on their product license (an Evaluation license), there’s a graph that displays the volume of replicated data, as a percentage of the license limit.

Figure 163. License Limit
Fusion Database Partition Disk Usage: This graph measures the percentage of available storage in the partition that hosts the WANdisco Fusion installation.

Figure 164. Fusion Database Partition Disk Usage
System CPU Load: This graph tracks the current percentage load on the cluster’s processors.

Figure 165. System CPU Load

Graph Settings

The graphs that are displayed on the WANdisco Fusion dashboard can be modified so that they use different thresholds for their "Warning" and "Critical" levels. By default, warn triggers at 80% usage and critical triggers at 90% or 95%.

Warning: At the warn level, the need for administrator intervention is likely, although the state should have no current impact on operation. On a breach, there is the option for WANdisco Fusion to send out an alerting email, providing that you have configured the email notification system. See Set up email notifications.
Crtical: At the critical level, the need for administrator intervention may be urgent, especially if the breach concerns partition usage where reaching 100% will cause the system to fail and potentially result in data corruption. On a breach, there is the option for WANdisco Fusion to send out an alerting email, providing that you have configured the email notification system. See Set up email notifications.

CPU Graph clarification

We display CPU load averages. Low values indicate that the system’s processor(s) have unused capacity. Above the warning threshold (80% by default) available capacity starts to run out. Note that the number that drives the graph is between 0 and 1, and so already takes multi-core systems into consideration.

6.7. Server Logs Settings

6.7.1. WANdisco Fusion UI Logs viewer

Using WANdisco Fusion UI’s log viewer (View Logs):

Log in to the WANdisco Fusion UI and click on the Nodes tab button. Then click on the Node on which you wish to view logs.

Figure 166. Log viewer 1
Click on the View Logs link, in the Local WANdisco Fusion Server table:

Figure 167. Log viewer 2
The View Logs screen lets you select from either WANdisco Fusion or UI Server logs.

Figure 168. Log viewer 3

6.7.2. Changing the timezone

Fusion IHC and Server

To alter the timezone the PatternLayout property needs to be overwritten.

<PatternLayout pattern="%d{ISO8601} {UTC} %p %c - %t:[%m]%n"/>

{UTC} can be replaced with, for example {GMT} or {ITC+1:30}. If offsetting from a timezone, + or - can be used, hours must be between 0 and 23, and minutes must be between 00 and 59.

This property is located in several xml files. For an example set up these are listed below, but the exact paths may differ for your set up:

/etc/wandisco/fusion/server/log4j2.xml
/etc/wandisco/fusion/ihc/server/hdp-2.6.0/log4j2.xml

After updating all the relevant files, the Fusion Server and Fusion IHC Server will take up the new changes after 5 minutes (default).

Fusion UI Server

Logs use UTC timezone by default but this can be manually altered through log4j configuration if required.

To alter the timezone the xxx.layout.ConversionPattern property needs to be overwritten.

<PatternLayout pattern="%d{ISO8601}{UTC} %p %c - %t:[%m]%n" charset="UTF-8"/>

{UTC} can be replaced with, for example {GMT} or {ITC+1:30}. If offsetting from a timezone, + or - can be used, hours must be between 0 and 23, and minutes must be between 00 and 59.

This property is located in an xml file. For an example set up this is listed below, but the exact path may differ for your set up:

/opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/lib/fusion_ui_log4j.xml

After updating the relevant file, the Fusion UI Server will need to be restarted for the changes to take effect.

Example

service fusion-ui-server restart

6.7.3. Logging at startup

At startup the default log location is /dev/null. If there’s a problem before log4j has initialised this will result in important logs getting lost. You can set the log location to a filespace that preserve early logging.

Edit fusion_env.sh adding paths to the following properties:

SERVER_LOG_OUT_FILE: Path for WANdisco Fusion server log output
IHC_LOG_OUT_FILE: Path for IHC server log output

More about logging

For more information about WANdisco Fusion’s logging, see Troubleshooting - Read logs.

6.8. Security

6.8.1. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption

Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption can be used to secure Fusion traffic along a number of different network paths. These are:

Replication traffic between Fusion Servers and Fusion IHC Servers (i.e. between Zones).
Communication between Web Browser and Fusion UI (HTTPS).
Client to Fusion Server encryption.

This guide will cover SSL encryption of the paths listed above using the Fusion UI, as well as information on Keystores/Truststores.

The following default ports will change when SSL is enabled

Fusion Server HTTP API moves from 8082 to 8084.
Fusion IHC Server HTTP API moves from 9001 to 8001.
Fusion UI moves from 8083 to 8443.

Check your Java

Pay attention to the version of Java running on your platform. Some versions have bugs with memory leaks or crippled performance when SSL is enabled. For an example, see this link.

Enable SSL for the WANdisco Fusion Server / IHC Server

If configuring Fusion for the first time, the Update button can be selected if not enabling SSL at this time. If you are enabling SSL, follow the guidance in this section.

The following procedures are used for setting up SSL encryption for the WANdisco Fusion server and IHC server.

Before you enable use of HTTPS, ensure that all WANdisco Fusion nodes/zones have been installed and configured, although it is not necessary to have inducted the nodes.

The procedure must be followed for each WANdisco Fusion server in your replicated ecosystem, in turn.

Enable HTTPS on all nodes

If you don’t enable HTTPS on some nodes, some information (e.g. graph data) will not be displayed.

Create a Key Store file using keytool, then save the file to a location on each node where the WANdisco Fusion server can read it.
Log in to WANdisco Fusion UI, click on the Settings tab.

Select to display the Fusion Connection section.

Figure 169. Settings - Fusion Connection

"Only HTTPS" or "HTTP and HTTPS"

Once selected, the additional properties will be listed below:

Fusion HTTPS Server Port

The TCP port that will be used for the SSL traffic (default 8084).

Key Store Path

Absolute filesystem path to the keystore.
Example location
/opt/wandisco/ssl/keystore.ks

Key Store Password

Password for the keystore.

Key Alias

The Alias of the private key.
Example
wandisco

Key Password

Password for the Key.

TrustStore Path

Absolute filesystem path to the truststore.
Example location
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/jre/lib/security/cacerts

When selecting a Truststore, ensure that the UI TrustStore settings match or that the selected UI Truststore contains the correct Certificates Authorities (Root CAs or intermidates) used for the Fusion nodes.

TrustStore Password

Password for the truststore.

Select to Update once all fields are complete.

Please note that Client to Fusion Server SSL encryption will be enabled by default. If you wish to disable it, please follow the guidance here immediately after selecting Update (i.e. do not proceed to restart cluster or Fusion services).

Changes must be applied to all servers

Changes to SSL settings require the same changes to be made manually in the UI of every other WANdisco Fusion node. Updating will also make changes to the cluster core-site via the management endpoint.

You will need to restart designated cluster services in order to make the SSL configuration active. A restart of the Fusion UI, Fusion Server and IHC Server services will also be required.

Enable SSL (HTTPS) for the Fusion UI

The following procedures are used for setting up SSL encryption for the WANdisco Fusion UI, so that it can be accessed via HTTPS on a web browser.

Before you enable use of HTTPS, ensure that all WANdisco Fusion nodes/zones have been installed and configured, although it is not necessary to have inducted the nodes.

The procedure should be followed for each WANdisco Fusion server in your replicated ecosystem, in turn.

Enable HTTPS on all nodes

If you don’t enable HTTPS on some nodes, some information (e.g. graph data) will not be displayed.

Create a Key Store file using keytool, then save the file to a location on each node where the WANdisco Fusion server can read it.
Log in to WANdisco Fusion UI, click on the Settings tab.

Select to display the UI Settings section.

Figure 170. UI Settings

Use HTTPS - Once selected, the additional properties will be listed below:

HTTPS Port

The TCP port that will be used to access the Fusion UI (default 8443).

Key Store

Absolute filesystem path to the keystore.
Example location
/opt/wandisco/ssl/keystore.ks

Key Store Password

Password for the KeyStore.

Key Alias

The Alias of the private key.
Example
wandisco

Key Password

Password for the Key.

Trust Store Settings

Truststore settings can be adjusted without having to enable HTTPS on the Fusion UI.

You must ensure that the same Truststore used for the Fusion Server / IHC Server SSL configuration is used for the Fusion UI, or that the Truststore selected contains the correct Certificate Authorities (Root CAs or intermediates) used for the Fusion hostnames. This is only required if SSL is configured for Fusion Server / IHC Server.

Use JVM Trust Store: Default JVM truststore, usually jssecerts or cacerts.
Example location
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/jre/lib/security/cacerts
Use Custom Trust Store: A custom trust store. If selected, additional entry fields will appear for Trust Store and Trust Store Password.
Disable Trust Store: Disable the Trust Store.

Stop WANdisco Fusion UI Server if unable to load the Trust Store
If there is an issue in reading or accessing the Trust Store, the Fusion UI will not attempt to start.

Select to Update once all fields are complete.

Changes must be applied to all servers

Changes to SSL settings require the same changes to be made manually in the UI of every other WANdisco Fusion node.
A restart of the Fusion UI service will be required after enabling SSL on the UI.

Using different SSL truststores for UI and Server

Whilst not recommended, if you choose to use different truststores for the Fusion UI and Fusion Server, then you must consider the following.

If you add/update the Fusion Server SSL certificate then you must update the Fusion UI truststore with that certificate too, otherwise the Fusion UI will be unable to communicate with Fusion Server.

If, for some reason, you cannot update the UI truststore during installation, use one of the following workarounds:

Wait until after completing basic installation before configuring SSL for the Fusion Server.
Add the Fusion Server cert to the default JVM truststore, usually jssecerts or cacerts (in that order of preference).
- This change may be reverted post install if a custom truststore is configured via the UI.
Change the default JVM truststore in the startup script, and then restart the Fusion UI server. This can be achieved by adding the following extra Java arguments to the 'JAVA_ARGS' string in the file /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/lib/init-functions.sh:
```
-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/path/to/truststore.jks -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=jks -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=<password>
```
- This should be considered a temporary configuration for install only, and should be rolled back post install.
- The truststore pointed to needs to include the managers CA, for example AWS CA if you are using S3.
Add the value ui.truststore.option=DISABLED into the /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/properties/ui.properties file and then restart Fusion UI server.
- This configuration will turn off trust completely, and should be rectified post install.

Client to Fusion server encryption

When enabling SSL for the Fusion Server / IHC Server, the Fusion Client SSL encryption will be enabled by default. If you wish to disable it, follow the guidance here.

When deploying to an environment, consider whether client to Fusion server encryption is required. This may not be desirable if the traffic is over the LAN, and therefore considered secure. It may not be worth the performance overhead that comes with SSL encryption.

Every host in the cluster that has a Fusion Client installed (i.e. likely all nodes) must have a Truststore for validating certificates in the filesystem path specified in the fusion.client.ssl.truststore property. Without this, any client driven HDFS operations may be impeded due to a lack of trust between the client and the Fusion server.

The configuration for Fusion Client SSL is referenced in the cluster core-site, as well as the application.properties for the Fusion node. Listed below are examples of values for each property:

core-site.xml

fusion.client.ssl.enabled=true
fusion.client.ssl.truststore=/opt/wandisco/ssl/wandisco.ks
fusion.client.ssl.truststore.password=bP0L7SY7f/4GWSdLLZ3e+Qj4EyZB0oyEFZ//UEvB/5HisTD89cG5QhLDWIXFDeZhA0Jrm8PxLaxlYMAc0SzXj8oF/L/T86e1zXpZdvYL6EqUYHyhdQkxD0/EYjoZxnxq8WUc3cDhjyp+2a0jdWRqFvnQq9ovE0H6Q+Mq6gDzRwKGxHa5G8FQuUaOlhYXjzZaA5thUfuEXSSfhZx8eMUUzAM427mkWwGUIRQa5ki5IGuXaS2uqvNzj813QMNyD4Nva50U24GKJK322Peg3wDKKlFiqn01riOi18MidEAxqJyBdlOF5XXsLURN16QcuThez6kU3C3RktZDuRghv6nGrQ==
fusion.client.ssl.truststore.type=JKS

As of Fusion 2.16.3, fusion.client.ssl.truststore.password is now fusion.client.ssl.truststore.pwd.

/etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties

fusion.client.ssl.enabled=true

The fusion.client.ssl.password will be shown in encrypted format, to learn how to create an encrypted password, please see the setting a password for SSL encryption section.

Disabling Fusion Client SSL encryption

To disable Fusion Client SSL encryption, ensure the steps below are carried out on the Hadoop Cluster and Fusion node(s).

Disable Fusion Client SSL on the Cluster via the cluster manager (e.g. Ambari/Cloudera) by adjusting the property below to false.

core-site.xml

fusion.client.ssl.enabled=false
Disable Fusion Client SSL on the Fusion node(s) by adjusting the property below to false.

/etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties

fusion.client.ssl.enabled=false
Restart all required services on the Cluster.
Restart the Fusion services on the Fusion node(s) (i.e. Fusion UI, Fusion Server & IHC Server).

Note that if the properties mentioned above are not present in the core-site.xml and application.properties , the default value(s) will be false.

Keystores / Truststores

The keystore contains private keys and certificates used by SSL servers to authenticate themselves to SSL clients. By convention, such files are referred to as keystores.
When used as a truststore, the file contains certificates of trusted SSL servers, or of Certificate Authorities trusted to identify servers. There are no private keys in the truststore.

Most commonly, cert-based authentication is only done in one direction server→client. When a client also authenticates with a certificate this is called mutual authentication.

While all SSL clients must have access to a truststore, it is not always necessary to create and deploy truststores across a cluster. The standard JDK distribution includes a default truststore which is pre-provisioned with the root certificates of a number of well-known Certificate Authorities. If you do not provide a custom truststore, the Hadoop daemons load this default truststore. Therefore, if you are using certificates issued by a CA in the default truststore, you do not need to provide custom truststores. However, you must consider the following before you decide to use the default truststore:

If you choose to use the default truststore, it is your responsibility to maintain it. You may need to remove the certificates of CAs you do not deem trustworthy, or add or update the certificates of CAs you trust. Use the keytool utility to perform these actions.

Useful links in the Knowledgebase:

Create self-signed certificates for testing - guidance on creating keystores/truststores for testing.
Using Java Keytool to manage keystores - references "MultiSite" products, but is still relevant for WANdisco Fusion.

Security Considerations

Keystores contain private keys. truststores do not. Therefore, security requirements for keystores are more stringent:

Hadoop SSL requires that truststores and the truststore password be stored, in plaintext, in a configuration file that- is readable by all.
Keystore and key passwords are stored, in plaintext, in a file that is readable only by members of the appropriate group.

These considerations should guide your decisions about which keys and certificates you will store in the keystores and truststores that you will deploy across your cluster.

Keystores should contain a minimal set of keys and certificates. Ideally you should create a unique keystore for each host, which would contain only the keys and certificates needed by the Hadoop SSL services running on the host. Usually the keystore would contain a single key/certificate entry. However, because truststores do not contain sensitive information you can safely create a single truststore for an entire cluster. On a production cluster, such a truststore would often contain a single CA certificate (or certificate chain), since you would typically choose to have all certificates issued by a single CA.

Do not use the same password for truststores and keystores/keys.

Since truststore passwords are stored in the clear in files readable by all, doing so would compromise the security of the private keys in the keystore.

Mutual authentication

2.15.1 introduces the ability for mutual authentication between the Fusion Server and IHC server. SSL must first be enabled and then two configuration properties can be set.

Inbound connections from a remote Fusion Server to the IHC Server:

Set ihc.ssl.mutual.authentication = true in *.ihc
When an inbound remote Fusion Server is connecting to the IHC for a pull request, if this is set to true, the Fusion Server is required to authenticate itself as a trusted client to the IHC server via SSL Mutual Authentication.

Outbound connections from a remote IHC Server to the Fusion Server:

Set ssl.mutual.authentication = true in application.properties
- When a remote IHC Server connects to an outbound Fusion Server, if this is set to true, the IHC server is required to authenticate itself as a trusted client to the Fusion Server via SSL Mutual Authentication.
- This also configures the mutual authentication between Fusion Servers during DConE messaging.

How to configure the TLS version

From 2.15.1, you can control which Transport Layer Security (TLS) versions the IHC to Fusion Server can use, and if SSL is enabled, Fusion Client to Fusion Server. The TLS versions used by Fusion are consistent between the different protocols used, e.g. DConE and Netty.

To set the ciphers you need to add 2 properties:

fusion.ssl.ciphers: comma separated list of ciphers in application.properties
ihc.ssl.ciphers: comma separated list of ciphers in *.ihc

If neither are set then both default to the following cipher list:

"TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
      "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
      "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA",
      "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA",
      "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256",
      "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384",
      "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
      "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
      "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA",
      "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA",
      "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256",
      "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384",
      "TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256",
      "TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
      "TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA",
      "TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA",
      "TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256",
      "TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256"

Disabling low strength encryption ciphers

TLS and SSL are widely adopted protocols but research has indicated that some of the cipher systems that are commonly used in these protocols do not offer the level of security that was previously thought.

In order to stop WANdisco Fusion from using the disavowed ciphers (DES, 3DES, and RC4), use the following procedure on each node where the Fusion service runs:

Confirm JRE_HOME/lib/security/java.security allows override of security properties, which requires security.overridePropertiesFile=true

As root user:

mkdir /etc/wandisco/fusion/security
chown hdfs:hadoop /etc/wandisco/fusion/security

As the Fusion system user:

cd /etc/wandisco/fusion/security
echo "jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms=SSLv3, DES, DESede, RC4" >> /etc/wandisco/fusion/security/fusion.security

As root user:

cd /etc/init.d

Edit the fusion-server file to add

-Djava.security.properties=/etc/wandisco/fusion/security/fusion.security

to the JVM_ARG property.

Edit the fusion-ihc-server-<distro-version> file to add

-Djava.security.properties=/etc/wandisco/fusion/security/fusion.security

to the JVM_ARG property.

cd /opt/wandisco/fusion-ui-server/lib

Edit the init-functions.sh file to add

-Djava.security.properties=/etc/wandisco/fusion/security/fusion.security

to the JAVA_ARGS property.

Restart the fusion server, ui server and IHC server.

Setting up SSL manually

What follows is a manual procedure for setting up SSL. In most cases it has been superseded by the above Fusion UI-driven method. If you make changes using the following method, you will need to restart the WANdisco Fusion server in order for the changes to appear in on the Settings tab.

Create the keystores / truststores. Every Fusion Server and IHC server should have a KeyStore with a private key entry / certificate chain for encrypting and signing.

Every Fusion Server must also have a truststore for validating certificates in the path specific in fusion.client.ssl.truststore. If enabling client to Fusion server encryption, then every Fusion Client must also have the truststore in the specified path.

The keystores and truststores can be the same file and may be shared amongst the processes.

Setting a password for SSL encryption

Use the provided bash script for generating a password. Run the script at the command line, enter a plaintext password, the script then generates and outputs the encrypted version of the entry:

# cd /opt/wandisco/fusion/tools/bin/
# ./encrypt-password.sh
Please enter the password to be encrypted
> ********
bP0L7SY7f/4GWSdLLZ3e+Qj4EyZB0oyEFZ//UEvB/5HisTD89cG5QhLDWIXFDeZhA0Jrm8PxLaxlYMAc0SzXj8oF/L/T86e1zXpZdvYL6EqUYHyhdQkxD0/EYjoZxnxq8WUc3cDhjyp+2a0jdWRqFvnQq9ovE0H6Q+Mq6gDzRwKGxHa5G8FQuUaOlhYXjzZaA5thUfuEXSSfhZx8eMUUzAM427mkWwGUIRQa5ki5IGuXaS2uqvNzj813QMNyD4Nva50U24GKJK322Peg3wDKKlFiqn01riOi18MidEAxqJyBdlOF5XXsLURN16QcuThez6kU3C3RktZDuRghv6nGrQ==

Server-Server or Server-Client

Configure the keystore for each server:

Key

Value

Default

File

ssl.key.alias

alias of private key/certificate chain in KeyStore.

application.properties

ssl.key.password

encrypted password to key

application.properties

ssl.keystore

path to Keystore

application.properties

ssl.keystore.password

encrypted password to KeyStore.

application.properties

Server-to-Server or Server-to-IHC

Configure the truststore for each server:

Key

Value

Default

File

ssl.truststore

Path to truststore

Default

application.properties

ssl.truststore.password

encrypted password to trust store

Default

application.properties

Fusion client configuration Server-Client only

Configure the truststore for each client:

Key

Value

Default

File

fusion.client.ssl.truststore

Path to trust store

core-site.xml

Fusion 2.16.2 and below: fusion.client.ssl.truststore.password
Fusion 2.16.3 and above: fusion.client.ssl.truststore.pwd

Encrypted password for trust store

core-site.xml

fusion.client.ssl.truststore.type

Format of trust store - JKS, PKCS12

JKS

core-site.xml

IHC Server configuration (Server-IHC SSL only)

Configure the keystore for each IHC server:

Key

Value

Default

File

ihc.ssl.key.alias

alias of private key/certificate chain in keystore

.ihc

ihc.ssl.key.password

encrypted password to key

.ihc

ihc.ssl.keystore

path to keystore

.ihc

ihc.ssl.keystore.password

encrypted password to keystore

.ihc

ihc.ssl.keystore.type

JKS, PKCS12

JKS

.ihc

Enable SSL

The following configuration is used to turn on each type of SSL encryption:

Key

Value

Default

File

Fusion Server - Fusion Server

ssl.enabled

true

false

application.properties

Fusion Server - Fusion Client

fusion.client.ssl.enabled

true

false

application.properties

Fusion Server - Fusion IHC Server

SSL Debug

Variable Name

Example

Description

ssl.debug

true

Requires a "true" or "false" value. When set to true debugging mode is enabled.

Changes in any of these values require a restart of the relevant Fusion service(s) (i.e. Fusion Server, IHC Server or UI Server). Any invalid value may prevent these services from loading correctly.

Configure SSL for core Hadoop Services

In order to configure SSL for core Hadoop services (such as HDFS, YARN and MapReduce) and more, please follow the guidance documented by the relevant service provider:

SSL configuration properties for Fusion

Please see the Fusion Configuration Properties section (search for ".ssl.") for a list of related configuration properties.

6.8.2. Kerberos

WANdisco Fusion can run on Kerberized Hadoop clusters, with minimal configuration requirements. The following guide runs through the most deployment scenarios.

Existing cluster

If you are installing Fusion into a cluster that is secured with Kerberos, you will need to enable Kerberos during the Fusion installation process. See Kerberos step.

Setting up a new cluster

If you are setting up your platform from scratch, you may elect to enable Kerberos once Fusion is up and running, in which case you can enable Kerberos through Fusion’s web UI.

Look to the security procedures of your particular form of Hadoop:

Hortonworks/Ambari - Ambari Kerberos Setup.
CDH/CDP Security Guides and CDH CDP Kerberos Authentication.

Before installing on Cloudera

Ensure that the Cloudera Manager database of Kerberos principals is up-to-date.

Setting up handshake tokens

By default, handshake tokens are created in the user’s working directories, e.g. /user/jdoe. It is recommended that you create them elsewhere, using the following procedure:

Open the core-site.xml file and add the following property:

<property>
      <name>fusion.handshakeToken.dir</name>
      <value>/wandisco/handshake_tokens</value>
</property>

Handshake tokens for the cluster will be created at the location set by fusion.handshakeToken.dir e.g., if for DC1 you configure the fusion.handshakeToken.dir to be /wandisco/handshake_tokens, then handshake tokens will be written in /wandisco/handshake_tokens/.fusion/.token_$USERNAME where $USERNAME is the username of the user connecting.

Important requirements:

All users of the cluster should have the relevant read and write permissions for this location. Applying the correct permissions to this path is important for the security and performance of the cluster.
If the path used contains a special URL character, the characters must be encoded. For example, if the desired path is /my dsm&dir, it needs to be set as /my%20dsm%26dir.

Don’t use Ranger or Sentry for access control to the handshake_token directory or any of its parent or child directories. Use POSIX-like permissions (chmod) as noted in the example, below.

If setting the handshake tokens directory to /wandisco/handshake_tokens, you can create and setup the path for secure access as follows:

# Create the handshake token path and required sub-directory
$ hdfs dfs -mkdir /wandisco/handshake_tokens
$ hdfs dfs -mkdir /wandisco/handshake_tokens/.fusion

# Set ownership to the fusion user for both paths
$ hdfs dfs -chown fusionuser:hdfs /wandisco/handshake_tokens
$ hdfs dfs -chown fusionuser:hdfs /wandisco/handshake_tokens/.fusion

# Set the handshake token path to allow list and access permissions to group and other
$ hdfs dfs -chmod 755 /wandisco/handshake_tokens

# Set the inner directory to provide access for group and other, but not list or write
# The directory stick bit is also set, ensuring only the path owner or superuser may delete an object
# This permissions set ensures no individual user may delete an object that may result in denial of service to another user
$ hdfs dfs -chmod 1711 /wandisco/handshake_tokens/.fusion

This example covers permissions for the directory level /wandisco/handshake_tokens and below. For higher/parent-level directories you must grant ALL users access to the directory. Set /wandisco with Chmod 755.

If the handshake token directory was configured to be /a/b/c/d/_handshake_tokens, then _/a, /a/b, /a/b/c & /a/b/c/d all need to be set with 755 permissions.

Kerberos Configuration

This section provides an overview of the most common approaches you may take when preparing Kerberos principals to secure Fusion operations.

Creation of principal and keytab

This section provides an example of how to create a Kerberos headless principal and keytab.

Kerberos principal types

Headless principals are not bound to a specific host, e.g. "SERVICE@REALM.COM".
Service principals are bound to a specific service and host, e.g. "SERVICE/HOSTNAME@REALM.COM".

You can always use an existing keytab as defined in Approach 1.

You must configure Kerberos principals and keytabs to the appropriate needs of your environment. This includes permissions and ownership of files/directories.

This example should be used as a guideline only.

On the host for the Key Distribution Center (KDC), create the Kerberos principal via the kadmin command:
```
kadmin -p admin/admin@EXAMPLE.HADOOP -q "addprinc -randkey fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP"
```
This will create the fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP principal.

You can now export this to a keytab:

kadmin -p admin/admin@EXAMPLE.HADOOP -q "ktadd -kt fusionuser.keytab fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP"

You should now transfer this keytab to the Fusion node within an appropriate directory (e.g. /opt/keytabs/).

Ensure that the ownership is set correctly once transferred, as well as permissions for the holding directory:

chown <FUSION_SYSTEM_USER>:<FUSION_SYSTEM_GROUP> /opt/keytabs/fusionuser.keytab
chown <FUSION_SYSTEM_USER>:<FUSION_SYSTEM_GROUP> /opt/keytabs
chmod 640 /opt/keytabs

For further detail on principal and keytab management, see the MIT Kerberos documentation:

Basic requirements

The following requirements need to be considered as part of the work required to enable Kerberos.

Hadoop system user dealing with requests from Fusion must be capable of impersonation so that Fusion can proxy requests on that user’s behalf - otherwise, the request will be denied. For more information, read about secure impersonation/DoAs.
The same underlying system user must be capable of running HDFS file-system operations on paths for which it is not itself have appropriate permissions. E.g.
1. Creating the .fusion directories inside the root of replicated paths, specifically in cases where the fusion user does not own the directory.
2. During replication, the ability of Fusion to delete handshake tokens, as created by a client to provide HDFS access (user, fusion user doesn’t usually have permission to the actioning user’s home directory where the tokens are created by default).
3. During replication and make consistent operations, the ability to read the contents of data on the source cluster that is under replication or make them consistent with the remote cluster. Also, the ability to write to files that it does not own, and to be able to change ownership of the files after they are written to the destination.

The following four approaches are provided in order of security in that the later approaches use fewer shared components, which reduces exposure or are more readily able to revoke access.

Approach 1: Default Principal (HDFS)

This involves the default available HDFS Kerberos principal as already used by the cluster. In HDP, this typically involves the use of the pre-available hdfs.headless.keytab and hdfs principal.

This principal already maps to the hdfs user on the underlying file-system, it’s a superuser by default. Depending on the nature of any reason to revoke access, this may involve the complete regeneration of a new hdfs keytab for all services that use it.

Configuration requirements:

The simplest option for configuration. When asked to configure Kerberos in the Fusion installation, you supply the Kerberos keytab as /etc/security/keytabs/hdfs.headless.keytab (location may vary, especially in CDH/CDP installs).

This principal already maps internally on the cluster to the superuser (hdfs).

Approach 2: Custom Principal with mapping

This involves a custom Kerberos principal with exported keytab, configured to map to the hdfs user on the underlying system.

Due to the use of mapping of the hdfs user, it will be a superuser by default.

Depending on the nature of any reason to revoke access, this could be removing the mapping to the hdfs user or regeneration of only the associated principal keytabs.

Configuration requirements:

This requires manual preparation of the Kerberos principal & keytab (see Creation of principal and keytab section for advice), along with configuration to map this user to the existing superuser account.

Assumptions

Kerberos realm = EXAMPLE.HADOOP

Superuser = hdfs

Principal = fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP
Add an auth_to_local rule in Hadoop configuration (located in the HDFS service) to map the fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP principal to the local user hdfs.

Search for "auth_to_local" under the HDFS config in the cluster, add the following at the top of this box. These rules are read in order and the first match applies. The exact order may vary on configuration choice, please review before committing.
```
RULE:[1:$1@$0](fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP)s/.*/hdfs/
```
This rule says if the principal matches fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP then apply this rule. It will perform a sed (regular expression replacement) by matching the entire principal (.*) and replacing it with the user hdfs.

Ensure this config is saved and deployed to the cluster.
The Fusion installation will configure a proxy user setting. This setting defines that the user through which Fusion is run as can impersonate another user. If the user is hdfs, the rules are as follows (example provided below).
```
hadoop.proxyuser.hdfs.hosts=$FUSION_NODE01,$FUSION_NODE02,etc
```
Allow the user hdfs to perform impersonation from any host in the cluster. This can be a comma-separated list of hostnames, and should (at least) contain the hostname of the Fusion server(s).
```
hadoop.proxyuser.hdfs.groups=*
```
Allow the user hdfs to perform an impersonation of users that are members of any Linux group. This can be a comma-separated list that you may need to refine. Typically this will be set as an asterisk (signifying any group).
Fusion will now use the custom principal and keytab, while granting superuser as the hdfs user, along with impersonation.

Approach 3: Custom Principal with mapping/supergroup

This involves a custom Kerberos principal with exported keytab. Configure the user that this principal maps to into the supplementary group associated with the hdfs superuser group setting (thus making it a superuser).

This is the supplementary Linux user group. The configured group is in the hdfs-site.xml file and the property is named dfs.permissions.superusergroup.

Depending on the nature of any reason to revoke access, this could be removing the mapping to the hdfs user or regeneration of only the associated principal keytabs. Removing the supplementary Linux group will also revoke superuser privileges.

Configuration requirements:

This requires manual preparation of the Kerberos principal & keytab (see Creation of principal and keytab section for advice), along with group membership to make this user a superuser.

You need to know the supergroup, which can be found under the HDFS service setting dfs.permissions.superusergroup. The value is typically "hdfs".

Assumptions

Kerberos realm = EXAMPLE.HADOOP

Superuser = hdfs

Principal = fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP
Add an auth_to_local rule in Hadoop configuration (located in the HDFS service) to map the fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP principal to the local user hdfs.

Search for auth_to_local under the HDFS config in the cluster. Add the following at the top of this box, this will map it to the current non-superuser fusionservice.
```
RULE:[1:$1@$0](fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP)s/.*/fusionservice/
```
These rules are read in order and the first match applies. The exact order may vary on configuration choice, please review before committing.

This rule says if the principal matches fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP then apply this rule. It will perform a sed (regular expression replacement) by matching the entire principal (.*) and replacing it with the user fusionservice.

Ensure this config is saved and deployed to the cluster.
You must create Linux user fusionservice on the Fusion nodes and cluster NameNodes, i.e.
```
adduser fusionservice
```
To make this user a superuser in HDFS, ensure this user is a member of the superusergroup. This can be a supplementary group and does not need to be the primary group.
```
usermod -a -G hdfs fusionservice
```
The Fusion installation will configure a proxyuser setting. This setting defines that the user through which Fusion is run as can impersonate another user. In this case, fusionservice (example provided below):
```
hadoop.proxyuser.fusionservice.hosts=$FUSION_NODE01,$FUSION_NODE02,etc
```
This allows the user fusionservice to perform impersonation from any host in the cluster. This can be a comma-separated list of hostnames, and should (at least) contain the hostname of the Fusion server(s).
```
hadoop.proxyuser.fusionservice.groups=*
```
This allows the user fusionservice to perform an impersonation of users that are members of any Linux group. This can be a comma-separated list that you may need to refine. Typically this will be set as an asterisk (signifying any group).
Fusion will now use the custom principal and keytab, while granting superuser as the fusionservice user through the supergroup, along with impersonation.

This configuration can be made even more secure by creating a user that is in the supergroup, and then pointing fusion.system.user at that user instead of hdfs itself. This additional level of security / auditing capability brings this approach in line with Approach 4.

Approach 4: Custom Principal with mapping/supergroup and additional auditing capability

Create a custom Kerberos principal with exported keytab, then use the core-site.xml parameter fusion.system.user to point an actual HDFS superuser. Fusion will then proxy to that user when required. This method provides auditing benefits as all superuser actions by Fusion are visible in the hdfs-audit.log, which will report each proxy request and who proxied who.

Configuration requirements:

This requires manual preparation of the Kerberos principal & keytab (see Creation of principal and keytab section for advice), along with group membership to make this user a superuser.

You need to know the supergroup, which can be found in the HDFS service setting dfs.permissions.superusergroup. The value is typically "hdfs" but may vary.

Assumptions

Kerberos realm = EXAMPLE.HADOOP

Superuser = hdfs

Principal = fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP
Add an auth_to_local rule in Hadoop configuration (located in the HDFS service) to make the fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP to be the local user "hdfs".

Search for auth_to_local under the HDFS config in the cluster. Add the following at the top of this box, this will map it to the current non-superuser fusionservice.
```
RULE:[1:$1@$0](fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP)s/.*/fusionservice/
```
These rules are read in order and the first match applies. The exact order may vary on configuration choice, please review before committing.

This rule says if the principal matches fusionuser@EXAMPLE.HADOOP then apply this rule. It will perform a sed (regular expression replacement) by matching the entire principal (.*) and replacing it with the user fusionservice.

Ensure this config is saved and deployed to the cluster.
You must create Linux user fusionservice on the Fusion nodes and cluster NameNodes, i.e.
```
adduser fusionservice
```
The Fusion installation will configure a proxyuser setting. This setting defines that the user through which Fusion is run as can impersonate another user. In this case, fusionservice (example provided below):
```
hadoop.proxyuser.fusionservice.hosts=$FUSION_NODE01,$FUSION_NODE02,etc
```
This allows the user fusionservice to perform impersonation from any host in the cluster. This can be a comma-separated list of hostnames, and should (at least) contain the hostname of the Fusion server(s).
```
hadoop.proxyuser.fusionservice.groups=*
```
This allows the user fusionservice to perform an impersonation of users that are members of any Linux group. This can be a comma-separated list that you may need to refine. Typically this will be set as an asterisk (signifying any group).
Edit the core-site.xml (via the appropriate manager UI) and add the following property:
```
fusion.system.user=hdfs
```
where "hdfs" is a superuser.
Deploy the configs and restart the Fusion processes. Fusion will now use the custom principal and keytab, while granting superuser privileges by way of proxying to the fusion.system.user.

Kerberos and HDP’s Transparent Data Encryption

There are some extra steps required to overcome a class loading error that occurs when WANdisco Fusion is used with at-rest encrypted directories. Specifically for Ranger Key Management Service (Ranger KMS), cluster configuration changes as per the example below:

<property>
<name>hadoop.kms.proxyuser.fusionuser.users</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hadoop.kms.proxyuser.fusionuser.groups</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>

<property>
<name>hadoop.kms.proxyuser.fusionuser.hosts</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>

The fusionuser is the example provided for whichever user Fusion is mapped to (e.g. from auth_to_local translation).

API with Kerberos enabled

If you have Kerberos-authentication enabled on REST API, you must kinit before making REST calls, and enable GSS-Negotiate authentication. To do this with curl, you must include the --negotiate and -u: options e.g.

curl --negotiate -u: -X GET "http://${HOSTNAME}:8082/fusion/fs/transfers"

6.8.3. LDAP/ Active Directory

Set up LDAP

See the LDAP Settings section for guidance on setting up LDAP/AD authentication for the Fusion UI.

6.8.4. Roles and Permissions

When LDAP is enabled the Fusion UI will list a new section Roles and Permissions under the Security section of the Settings tab.

To assign roles and control the permissions available to each role, click on the Roles and Permissions button.

Figure 171. Update LDAP Settings

By default, Fusion comes with the following defined roles.

Role	Priority See Role Priority
Audit	4
Content	3
Infrastructure	2
Superuser	1

Audit

The Audit role is intended for access that requires no actual interaction. This role lets an account get access to the Fusion UI without actually being able to make any changes. By default, the Audit user has the lowest priority (4).

Audit role permission

Has READ access to everything.
No write access of any sort.

Content

The Content role provides access to the basic Fusion UI functionality, allowing a user with this role to modify replication rules, without having access to deeper configuration-related functions.

Content role permissions

Has WRITE access to Replication Rules (eg CRUD)
Has WRITE access to Consistency Checks and Make Consistent operations (eg can trigger these)
Has READ access to the Dashboard
Has NONE access to the Nodes page
Has READ access to the Settings page
Has NONE access to any feature within this other than Email Notifications

Infrastructure

The Infrastructure role provides access to a system administrator level user.

Infrastructure role permissions

Has WRITE access to all system or performance related features (eg Dashboard, Nodes page, Settings page)
Has READ access to everything else (for diagnostic purposes).
Writer node information, which is required for the infrastructure role, will be added onto the node profile page

Superuser

The Super User has all complete access. For this reason, it is not intended to be used for regular operation. The Superuser has the highest priority (1).

Superuser role permissions

Has WRITE access to everything, permissions can not be modified.

You can reset the Superuser password using the following - Generate a new password

Role Priority

Each role is assigned a priority parameter (int value). The priority for a role must be unique, means there should be no roles with the same priority.

In the event that a user account has been assigned multiple roles, the priority is used to set the order in which Fusion checks for applicable permissions. This check is done each time the applicable user logs in, in which case, changes to a user’s role and permissions will not be picked up until they next log in. For example, a user assigned with the Super User role will always be checked first, and it’s permissions will apply over any other roles with more limited permissions.

Role Permissions limit access to UI Features

This user guide is written to provide the most complete view of the Fusion UI, as if you are logging in with the Superuser or equivalent role. If you access the Fusion UI using an account with an assigned role that has a limited set of permissions, then you many not see some features or may not permit you to edit those features.

The Fusion UI will limit access to those functions and features that match the role and permissions of the logged-in account. For example, logging in with a Super User role will provide unlimited access, while a user logging in with an account assigned with the Audit role will only have access to a very limited feature-set.

The permissions available to each role can be customised in this section. Consider creating new roles if you need a bespoke set of permissions, so that you don’t lose track of unexpected access or restrictions that have been applied to the default roles.

Add new role

The Add new role function lets you create a brand new role with a custom set of permissions. Use this feature if you need to assign users to roles that do not match with those roles that are provided by default.

Figure 172. Create a new role

Fusion role

Role properties for the new role.

Name: a unique name for the role
Priority: a unique priority number. see Role Priority for more guidance on how priority is used.

LDAP users for

LDAP search properties for the new role.

Search Base: the starting point in your LDAP for user searches
Search Filter: the filter used for user searches

Permissions for

Permissions that will be assigned to the new role. Tick a checkbox to provide Read and or Write access. If neither Read or Write are ticked then this role will get no access to that resource.

Replication

Permissions for access to Consistency check, Create rules, Edit rules, Remove rules, Make Consistent

Plugins

Permissions for enabled plugins

Global settings

ADLS settings, AWS credentials, Azure settings, Bandwidth limits, Chunk size, Client bypass, Consistency check settings Core http settings, DConE database, EMR client, EMR settings, Fusion roles, Google settings, Graph settings, Heap size, IHC server, Kerberos, LDAP settings, License, Log settings, Networking, Notifications, Plugin installation, Push threshold, Replication settings, S3 settings, S3 throttle, Swift settings, UI server http settings, URI selection

Infrastructure

Induction, Node operations, User management, View logs

Resources

Client download, Fusion assets download

System information

About versions, Aggregate throughput, Fusion db disk usage, System CPU load, System status

Support

Contact information, License information

Edit role

Figure 173. Create a new role

Select from the existing roles, then click the Edit role. You can make modifications to any of the role’s properties. Click Update to save any changes you have made or click Reset to reload the exiting permissions.

View role

Select from the existing roles, then click the View role button. This is a read-only version of the Edit role screen. You can’t make changes here, instead used the Edit role screen.

Delete role

Select from the existing roles, then click the Delete role button. This will

Click on the Delete role button.

Figure 174. Delete a role
The following message will appear:
```
Are you sure you want to delete the selected role?
```
Click Confirm to continue with the deletion.

Figure 175. Delete a role
The deletion will be confirmed with the message:
```
Role deleted successfully
```
Click Close.

Figure 176. Confirm delete of a role

6.9. Troubleshooting

This section details with how to diagnose and fix problems that many occur in deployment. It’s important that you check the Release Notes for any Known issues in the release that you are using.

6.9.1. Read the logs

There are a number of log files that provide information that will be necessary in finding the cause of many problems.

The log files for WANdisco Fusion are spread over three locations. Some processes contain more than one log file for the service. All pertinent log files are captured by running the WANdisco talkback shell script that is covered in the next section.

Log Directory Settings

Log Settings

On the Settings tab of the Fusion UI, you will find a Log Directory Settings screen. The screen defines the log directories of the Fusion Core Server, Fusion IHC Server and Fusion UI. The Fusion user must have full permissions on these directories. See Configure log directory via UI.

WANdisco Fusion Server Logs

The logs on the WANdisco Fusion server record events that relate to the data replication system.

Log locations: /var/log/fusion/server
Primary log(s): fusion-server.log
This is the live log file for the running Fusion server process.

fusion-server.log.yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS
Rotation is presently defaulted at 200MB with a retention of 100 files, although this can be customised. The log will also rotate after a restart.
Historical logs: The following logs are listed for completeness but are not generally useful for monitoring purposes.

http_access.log
http_access.log.yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS
This is a log of all requests recevied by the Fusion server API endpoint.

gc.log.yyyy-mm-dd_HHMMSS.0.current
Garbage Collection logging of the Fusion server Java process.

WANdisco Fusion UI Server Logs

The WANdisco Fusion user interface layer, responsible for handling interactions between the administrator, WANdisco Fusion and the Hadoop Management layer.

Log locations: /var/log/fusion/ui/
Primary log(s): fusion-ui.log
Historical logs: fusion-ui.log.x

The UI logs will contain errors such as failed access to the user interface, connectivity errors between the user interface and WANdisco Fusion Server REST API and other syntax errors between the user interface and the WANdisco Fusion server’s REST API and other syntax errors whilst performing administrative actions across the UI.

Inter-Hadoop Connect (IHC) Server Logs

Responsible for streaming files from the location of the client write to the WANdisco Fusion server process in any remote cluster to which hadoop data is replicated.

Log location

/var/log/fusion/ihc
/var/log/fusion/ihc/server

Primary log(s)

server/fusion-ihc-ZZZ-X.X.X.log

The live IHC process log files. The components of the filename are as follows:
ZZZ - Hadoop distribution marker (HDP, CDH,CDP etc). This will be "hdp" for a Hortonworks integrated cluster.
X.X.X - A matching cluster version number. This will be "2.6.0" for a Hortonworks 2.6 cluster.

Historical logs

server/fusion-ihc-ZZZ-X.X.X.log.yyy-mm-dd
log_out.log
This log file contains details of any errors by the process when reading from HDFS in the local cluster, such as access control violations, or network write errors when streaming to the WANdisco Fusion server in any remote cluster.

WANdisco Fusion Client Logging

By default, the WANdisco Fusion client remains silent and will not provide an indication that it has been loaded or is in use by an application. For troubleshooting purposes, it can help to enable client logging to allow you to determine when the client is in effect. Client logging can be enabled by adding an entry to the cluster’s log4j.properties file similar to that below:

log4j.logger.com.wandisco.fs.client=INFO

Once enabled, client log information will be produced by default on the standard output. Either removing this entry, or setting the logging level for the WANdisco Fusion client library to "OFF" will restore default behavior with no client-side logging.

Log analysis

This is the standard format of the WANdisco log messages within Fusion. It includes an ISO8601 formatted timestamp of the entry, the log level / priority, followed by the log entry itself. Log levels we provide in order of severity (highest to lowest) that you may observe:

ERROR
WARN
INFO

For log analysis and reporting, logs with the ERROR levels should be investigated. The WARN level messages indicate an unexpected result has been observed but one that hasn’t impacted the system’s continued operation. Additional levels may exist, but are used in cases when the logging level has been increased for specific debug purposes. At other times, other levels should be treated as informational (INFO).

Searching the logs for errors

You can search the logs for specific log level messages such as "ERROR", for example:

cat /var/log/fusion/server/fusion-server.log | grep "ERROR"

6.9.2. Failed To Publish Your Settings

During Initial Configuration, settings need to be published to take effect.

If you get the warning Failed To Publish Your Settings, the most likely reason is that the Cluster Manager configuration has not been updated. To fix this, repeat the cluster manager configuration steps:

On the Settings page go to Hadoop → cluster manager and fill in the relevant fields.
Click Validate. If validation fails, ensure any corrections are made.
Click Update.
Re-attempt to Publish.

If these steps are not successful, please contact WANdisco support.

6.9.3. About this Node

Under the Settings tab there is an About screen that provides the following information, useful for quickly comparing the versions of different nodes in a deployment.

Figure 177. About

The About This Node panel shows the version information for the underlying Hadoop deployment as well as the WANdisco Fusion server and UI components:

Fusion UI Version: The current version of the WANdisco Fusion UI.
Fusion Build Number: The specific build for this version of the WANdisco Fusion UI.
Hadoop Version: The version of the underlying Hadoop deployment.
Fusion Version: The version of the WANdisco Fusion replicator component.
Fusion Uptime: The time elapsed system the WANdisco Fusion system last booted up.
Cluster Manager: The management application used with the underlying Hadoop.

6.9.4. Support

The support tab contains links and details that may help you if you run into problems using WANdisco Fusion.

Figure 178. Support tab

6.9.5. Talkback

Talkback is a bash script that is provided in your WANdisco Fusion installation for gathering all the logs and replication system configuration that may be needed for troubleshooting problems. Should you need assistance from WANdisco’s support team, they will ask for an output from Talkback to begin their investigation.

Talkback location

You can find the talkback script located on the WANdisco Fusion server’s installation directory:

cd /opt/wandisco/fusion/tools/bin/

You can run talkback as follows:

./talkback.sh

If a cluster has Kerberos security enabled (Talkback will detect this from WANdisco Fusion’s configuration), you may be asked for Kerberos details needed to authenticate with the cluster.

For more information on talkback usage you can run:

./talkback.sh -h

Talkback can be run interactively or non-interactively.

To run non-interactively the following variables must be set. If you do not set these variables you will be prompted.

FUSION_KERBEROS_CONFIGS - Set to "true" or "false" to grab the Kerberos configs (not necessary if Kerberos is not enabled).
FUSION_PERFORM_FSCK - Set to "true" or "false" to perform a file system consistency check.
- If running interactively you will be asked if you wish to perform a HDFS fsck, or not. Option 1 for yes, option 2 for no.
FUSION_TALKBACK_DIRECTORY - Set the absolute path directory where the tarball will be saved.
Note, WANdisco Fusion talkbacks can exceed 300MB compressed, but well over 10GB uncompressed (due to logs).

The following variables can also be set:

FUSION_JSTACK - Set to "true" or "false" to run JStack. Defaults to "false".
FUSION_KERBEROS_ENABLED - Set to "true" or "false" on whether Kerberos enabled. Talkback will check if left null.
FUSION_LOG_PERIOD - Set to positive integer on how long to set timeout for log copies. Defaults to 15.
FUSION_MARKER - Set to include custom marker inside of talkback filename. Defaults to "FUSION" if left null.
FUSION_PMAP - Set to "true" or "false" to grab the pmap of the file. Defaults to "false".
FUSION_PROC - Set to "true" or "false" to grab the proc of the file. Defaults to "true".
FUSION_PROXY_USER - Set the proxy user for curls. Defaults to null.
FUSION_SUPPORT_TICKET- Set ticket number to give to WANdisco support team. Defaults to null.
FUSION_TIMEOUT - Set the timeout of the CURL commands. Defaults to two minutes.
DFS_COUNT - Set to "true" or "false" to run 'hdfs dfs -count /repl' on HDFS distros. Defaults to false.
IS_HADOOP_ZONE - Set to "true" or "false" depending on whether Hadoop distro (only necessary if cannot detect distro).
HADOOP_RETRY - Set to "true" or "false" to bypass Hadoop host prompts.
SSH_USER_KERBEROS - SSH to KDC as a different user. Defaults to null.
TALKBACKNAME - Set the talkback filename to something other than the default format.

PID Variables: Used for JStack, PMap and proc file capture:

FUSION_SERVER - Set to "true" or "false" to capture pid info for fusion server. Defaults to "true".
FUSION_IHC_SERVER - Set to "true" or "false" to capture pid info for ihc server. Defaults to "true".
FUSION_UI_SERVER - Set to "true" or "false" to capture pid info for UI server. Defaults to "false".

Running talkback

To run the talkback script, follow this procedure:

Log in to the Fusion server. If you’re not logged in as root, use sudo to run the talkback script. Below is an example output:

      ====================== INFO =========================
      The talkback agent will capture relevant configuration
      and log files to help WANdisco diagnose the problem
      you may be encountering. Use '-h' flag for more info.

Retrieving current system state information
Capturing uptime.
Capturing pwd.
Capturing uname -a.
Capturing df -k.
Capturing df -k /opt/wandisco/fusion/server/dcone.
Capturing mount.
Capturing /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java -version.
Capturing /bin/bash -version.
/usr/bin/lsb_release
Capturing rpm -qa | grep coreutil.
Capturing ps -leaf | grep java.
Capturing ps -C java -L -o tid,pcpu,time.
Capturing ps -leaf.
Capturing top -b -n 1.
Capturing netstat -anp.
Found 'fusion-server' with user: 'hdfs' and pid: '26950'.
Capturing proc file for 'fusion-server'.
Found 'fusion-ihc-server' with user: 'hdfs' and pid: '24536'.
Capturing proc file for 'fusion-ihc-server'.
Copying Fusion UI log files, this can take several minutes.
Gathering information from Fusion endpoints
Protocol is:  http
Hostname is:  <your.hostname>
Port is:  8082
retrieving details for node <your.nodeID>
Capturing ping -c 5 <your.hostname>.
Copying Fusion server log files, this can take several minutes.
Copying Fusion IHC log files, this can take several minutes.
WARNING: fs.xml could not be parsed. This is expected behavior when no replicated directories exist.
Gathering Java Management Extension data.

2 archives were successfully processed.

2 archives were successfully processed.
Would you like to include hadoop fsck? This can take some time to complete and may drastically increase the size of the tarball.
1) Yes
2) No
? 1
Capturing sudo -u hdfs hadoop --config /etc/hadoop/conf fsck / -blocks -locations -racks -files -openforwrite.
Running sysinfo script to capture maximum hardware and software information...
Gathering Summary info....
Gathering Kernel info....
Gathering Hardware info....
Gathering File-Systems info....
Gathering Network info....
Gathering Services info....
Gathering Software info....
Gathering Stats info....
Gathering Misc-Files info....
THE FILE sysinfo/sysinfo_<your.hostname>-20171108-100136.tar.gz HAS BEEN CREATED BY sysinfo

TALKBACK COMPLETE

---------------------------------------------------------------
 Please upload the file:

     /<your specified directory>/talkback-FUSION-201711081510-<your.hostname>.tar.gz

 to WANdisco support with a description of the issue.

 Note: do not email the talkback files, only upload them
 via ftp or attach them via the web ticket user interface.
--------------------------------------------------------------

Follow the instructions for uploading the output on WANdisco’s support website.

Uploading talkback files

If you need help from WANdisco support you may need to send them your talkback output files.
DO NOT send these files by email. The best way to share your talkback files is via SFTP, but small files (<50MB) can also be uploaded directly at customer.wandisco.com.

For information on how to upload talkback files, see the Knowledge base article Uploading Logs to the Customer FTP Space.

Information can also be found at customer.wandisco.com but you will need a valid WANdisco License Key to access this information.

6.9.6. Common problems

Moving objects between mismatched filesystems

If you move objects onto the distributed file system you must make sure that you use the same URI on both the originating and destination paths. Otherwise you’d see an error like this:

[admin@vmhost01-vm1 ~]$ hadoop fs -mv /repl2/rankoutput1 fusion:///repl2/rankoutput2/
15/05/13 21:22:40 INFO client.FusionFs: Initialized FusionFs with URI: fusion:///, and Fs: hdfs://vmhost01-vm1.cluster.domain.com:8020. FileSystem: DFS[DFSClient[clientName=DFSClient_NONMAPREDUCE_-721726966_1, ugi=admin@DOMAIN.EXAMPLE (auth:KERBEROS)]]
mv: `/repl2/rankoutput1': Does not match target filesystem

If you use the fusion:/// URI on both paths it will work, e.g.

[admin@vmhost01-vm1 ~]$ hadoop fs -mv fusion:///repl2/rankoutput1 fusion:///repl2/rankoutput1
15/05/13 21:23:27 INFO client.FusionFs: Initialized FusionFs with URI: fusion:///, and Fs: hdfs://vmhost01-vm1.cluster.domain.com:8020. FileSystem: DFS[DFSClient[clientName=DFSClient_NONMAPREDUCE_-1848371313_1, ugi=admin@DOMAIN.EXAMPLE (auth:KERBEROS)]]

Note that since the non-replicated directory doesn’t yet exist in ZONE2 it will get created without the files it contains on the originating zone. When running WANdisco Fusion using the fusion:///, moving non-replicated directory to replicated directory will not work unless you use of the fusion:/// URI.

You can’t move files between replicated directories
Currently you can’t perform a straight move operation between two separate replicated directories.

Handling file inconsistencies

WANdisco Fusion’s replication technology ensures that changes to data are efficiently propagated to each zone. However, the replication system is optimized for maintaining consistency through transactional replication and is not designed to handle the initial synchronization of large blocks of data. For this requirement, we have the Consistency Check tool.

Transfer reporting

When looking at the transfer reporting, note that there are situations in which HFlush/early file transfer where transfer logs will appear incorrect. For example, the push threshold may appear to be ignored. This could happen if an originating file is closed and renamed before pulls are triggered by the HFlush lookup. Note that although this results in confusing logs, those logs are in fact correct; you would see only two appends, rather than the number determined by your push threshold - one in the very beginning, and one from the rename, which pulls the remainder of the file. What is happening is optimal; all the data is available to be pulled at that instant, so we might as well pull all of it at once instead of in chunks.

7. Reference Guide

7.1. Init.d directory

The /etc/init.d/ directory contains the following scripts:

fusion-ui-server
fusion-server
fusion-ihc-server-<distro-version>
- The distro version is required for IHC server commands

These can be used in the following:

service <script name> start|stop|force-reload|restart|status|bypass|observe

7.2. Fusion Configuration Properties

This section lists the available configuration for WANdisco Fusion’s component applications.

You should take care when making any configuration changes on your clusters, always check with WANdisco support before changing properties in your environment.

This section describes the configuration files and the properties editable in them.

/etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties - contains WANdisco Fusion Server properties
/etc/wandisco/fusion/ihc/server/{distro}/{version string}.ihc - contains all the IHC server properties
config.properties - contains all the Fusion Client properties (see note below)
core-site.xml - contains WANdisco Fusion Client and WANdisco Fusion Server properties

From 2.14, an additional file can be used to configure the Fusion Client - config.properties. Using this file you can make updates to Fusion Client properties without editing the core-site.xml, which would require a restart of Hadoop services.

7.2.1. Fusion Server configuration

The Fusion Server configuration properties are found in:

/etc/wandisco/fusion/server/application.properties

All these properties are used by the WANdisco Fusion Server.

Property Description

agreementstore.segment.size

The DConE AgreementStore stores agreements in segments, with each segment stored in its own file. This defines how many agreements are stored in a segment.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

5000

Startup

announcement.key.interval

Specifies the minimum Global Sequence Number (GSN) interval that triggers the generation of a status message.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_LONG

1000L

Dynamic

announcement.time.interval

Specifies the minimum time interval that triggers the generation of a status message.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_LONG

10000L

Dynamic

application.hostname

This is the hostname used in reporting the Fusion server’s address.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

A valid hostname

None

Startup

application.integration.db.deep.copy

If set to true, the application integration database will also write to disk rather than being exclusively stored in memory.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

application.integration.db.force

If set to true, the application integration database will forcibly sync with the filesystem.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

application.integration.db.panic.if.dirty

If set to true and the application integration database was not shut down 'cleanly', then on restart the server will not start.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

application.location

The directory the application will use for persistence.

Permitted value Default Checked at

Any existing path

.

Startup

application.port

The port DConE uses for communication.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 – 65535

6444

Startup

communication.hostname

This is the hostname used for binding opened ports (for DConE, requests port, REST).

Permitted value Default Checked at

A valid hostname

0.0.0.0

Startup

connection.reset.count

The number of message objects stored in cache before the cache is reset.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

5000

Startup

database.location

The directory DConE will use for persistence.

Permitted value Default Checked at

Any existing path

/opt/wandisco/fusion/server/dcone/db

Startup

dcone.system.db.deep.copy

If set to true, the DConE database will also write to disk rather than being exclusively stored in memory.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

dcone.system.db.force

If set to true, the DConE database will forcibly sync with the filesystem.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

dcone.system.db.panic.if.dirty

If set to true/false and the DConE system database was not shut down 'cleanly', then on restart the server will not start.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

dcone.teach.limit

Specifies the maximum number of agreements sent in a teach message.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

5000

Dynamic

dcone.use.boxcar

Whether the DConE database should use boxcars or not.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

decoupler.pool.size

Specifies the size of the default decoupler’s thread pool.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

100

Startup

decoupler.queue.size.max

Maximum number of queued items for the decoupler.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

1000000

Startup

decoupler.teach.pool.size

Specifies the size of the teach decoupler’s thread pool; if 0, disables the teach decoupler.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

Startup

decoupler.teach.queue.size.max

Maximum number of queued items for the teach decoupler.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

1000000

Startup

executor.threads

The number of threads executing agreements in parallel (this is total number of repair and agreement execution threads).
The names of the threads start with FastExecutor or AgreedExecutor. These can be used to determine where a request was executed and what type of request - the Completed log message of request contains the thread name, which would either start with AgreedExecutor or with FastExecutor.
The fast requests are all requests that do not involve a pull of data from another zone. An agreed request is the opposite of this, whereby data is pulled from another zone as part of the request.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 – reasonable max number of threads as allowed per platform (taking into account other threads)

250

Startup

fusion.client.ssl.enabled

Enables SSL between the Fusion Server - Fusion Client.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Usage

True/false

False

fusion.http.authentication.enabled

Enables authentication on the REST API.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

Fusion 2.16.2 and below: fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.keytab
Fusion 2.16.3 and above: fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.ktab

The path to a keytab that contains the principal specified in fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.principal.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Absolute path to Kerberos keytab

N/A

Startup

fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.principal

The principal the fusion server will use to login with. The name of the principal must be "HTTP".

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Kerberos principal in 'HTTP/_HOST@{KERBEROS_REALM}' format

N/A

Startup

fusion.http.authentication.simple.anonymous.allowed

If type is "simple", whether anonymous API calls are allowed. If set to false, users must append a query parameter at the end of their URL user.name=$USER_NAME.

Value

Checked at

Usage

True/false

Startup

Server

fusion.http.authentication.type

Type of authentication to use for http access.

Permitted value Default Checked at

simple or kerberos

simple

Startup

fusion.http.authorization.authorized.proxies

Users that are allowed to proxy on behalf of other users. HTTP calls would include a value for the header proxy.user.name. The proxied user’s permissions will then be checked against authorized readers and read-writers.

Permitted value Default Checked at

Comma-delimited list of users

HTTP

Startup

fusion.http.authorization.authorized.readers

Users that are allowed to make read calls ONLY (write calls are PATCH, POST, PUT, DELETE).

Permitted value Default Checked at

Comma-delimited list of users

fusionUISystem

Startup

fusion.http.authorization.authorized.read.writers

Users that are allowed to make read OR write calls (any type of HTTP request).

Permitted value Default Checked at

Comma-delimited list of users

fusionUISystem

Startup

fusion.http.authorization.enabled

Enables authorization on the REST API. Authentication must also be enabled.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

fusion.http.policy

Determines the transfer protocol(s) to be supported by Fusion Server.

Permitted value Default Checked at

HTTP_ONLY, HTTPS_ONLY, BOTH_HTTP_HTTPS

HTTP_ONLY

Startup

fusion.replicated.dir.exchange

Location of a directory in the replicated filesystem to which Fusion server will write information about replicated directories for clients to read. It’s necessary to configure the same in the core-site.xml, so that it generates the necessary data.

Permitted value Default Checked at

Underlying filesystem path not under replication

/wandisco/exchange_dir

Startup

ihc.ssl.enabled

Whether SSL is enabled for IHC network communications.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

jetty.http.port

The port the Fusion HTTP API will use.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 – 65535

8082

Startup

jetty.https.port

The port the Fusion HTTPS API will use (if SSL is enabled).

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 – 65535

8084

Startup

learner.max.output.lag

The maximum agreements that a node in a Zone can be behind before it is disabled (i.e. it will no longer be able to propose changes).

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_LONG

10000000L

Startup

log.location

The directory in which the Fusion Server stores log files.

Permitted value Default Checked at

A local filesystem directory

/var/log/fusion/server

Startup

maximum.size

The number of agreements DConE will hold in the agreement store - this store holds agreements to be processed and agreements stored to teach other nodes.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

50000

Startup

node.id

The unique identifier given to the Fusion node automatically at installation.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

A Hexadecimal number (must not be altered)

N/A

Startup

node.name

The name set for the Fusion node. Adjustable in the Fusion UI.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Any String

N/A

Startup

remote.ihc.port

The port remote ihc servers should connect to when the zone is set to Inbound connection.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 – 65535

8024

Startup

repair.thread.limit

Maximum number of outstanding files that a single repair will have scheduled for execution at any given time. This is a mechanism for allowing multiple parallel repairs to run together.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

Startup

repair.threads

Number of executor threads dedicated for repair tasks only.

Permitted value Default Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER (must be less then executor.threads value)

Startup

request.port

The port Fusion clients will use to connect the Fusion server.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 – 65535

8023

Startup

ssl.enabled

Whether SSL is enabled for Fusion Server communications.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

ssl.key.alias

Alias of private key / certificate chain of the server used to encrypt communications.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Alias of a keystore entry.

N/A

Startup

ssl.key.password

Encrypted password of private key entry in keystore. Can be encrypted using encrypt-password.sh.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Encrypted password

N/A

Startup

ssl.keystore

Local filesystem path of key store containing key entry.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Absolute path to key store.

N/A

Startup

ssl.keystore.password

Encrypted password of key store. Can be encrypted using encrypt-password.sh.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Encrypted password

N/A

Startup

ssl.truststore

Local filesystem path of trust store used to validate certificates sent by other Fusion Servers or IHC servers.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Absolute path to trust store.

N/A

Startup

ssl.truststore.password

Encrypted password of trust store. Can be encrypted using encrypt-password.sh.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Encrypted password

N/A

Startup

stacktrace.messaging.enabled

Allows you to turn off the ability to receive stack traces from REST API calls.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

transfer.chunk.size

The size of the ChunkedStream.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 – Integer.MAX_VALUE

32768

Startup

zone

The zone name for where the Fusion server is located. This is set during installation.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Any String (must not be altered)

N/A

Startup

Additional properties

The following properties are non-standard, and will not be present in a application.properties file by default.

agreed.proposal.store.rollback

Determines whether the Fusion server will attempt to rollback any uncommitted transactions on start up.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

fusion.gsn.garbage.collector.thread.count

Coordinated requests (GSNs) are now removed from the shared storage using a thread pool. This controls the number of threads.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

Startup

fusion.gsn.garbage.collector.warn.threshold.time

If it takes longer than this time to garbage collect the coordinated requests (GSNs) stored in stable storage, then issue a warning and diagnostic event.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_LONG

30 (in seconds)

Startup

fusion.gsn.garbage.collector.block

Coordinated requests (GSNs) in stable storage are garbage collected by a thread pool, periodically requests will be submitted to garbage collect (GC) the GSNs. By default, the thread submitting requests does not wait for the GSN to be GC’d.
If this is set to true, then the thread that requests the GC will be blocked until the GC is done - this will cause back pressure on the system and reduce the throughput.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

fusion.ssl.ciphers

Sets which TLS versions are used.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Comma separated list of ciphers

See How to configure the TLS version for details.

Startup

ihc.compression.enabled

Enables compression of transferring data between Fusion and IHC.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

true/false

false

Startup

ihc.compression.codec

Data compression codec.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

SNAPPY, GZIP, ZLIB, DEFLATE

SNAPPY

Startup

ihc.compression.level

Data compression level:
1 - minimum compression
9 - maximum compression

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1-9

Startup

ihc.connect.timeout

Timeout on how long Fusion should wait for IHC connection being established (networking timeout).

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_LONG (in ms)

60000L

Startup

license.file

The path to the license file.

Permitted value Default Checked at

Absolute filesystem path

/etc/wandisco/fusion/server/license.key

Startup

netty.client.reuse.addr

Whether netty clients can reuse address and port for connections that are in the TIME_WAIT state.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

read.timeout

Timeout of how long without response the IHC connection can be.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_LONG (in ms)

60000L

Startup

retry.sleep.time

The sleep time (milliseconds) in between retries of an agreed request.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_LONG (in ms)

1000L

Startup

response.cache.size.limit

Allows you to set the size limit of the response cache which holds the processed request ids and corresponding responses.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER

100000

Startup

response.cache.expiration

This specifies how long entries are stored in the response cache before they expire.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1 - MAX_INTEGER (in minutes)

Startup

ssl.mutual.authentication

To require mutual authentication between the Fusion and IHC servers, set this to true. This configures both the outbound connections from a remote Fusion Server to the IHC and the mutual authentication between Fusion Servers during DConE messaging. SSL must also be enabled and ihc.ssl.mutual.authentication = true.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

7.2.2. IHC Server configuration

The Inter-Hadoop Communication Server is configured from a single file located at:

/etc/wandisco/fusion/ihc/server/{distro}/{version string}.ihc

Property Description

http.server

The host and port for the web server, used when the ihc.http.policy is equal to HTTP_ONLY or BOTH_HTTP_HTTPS.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

String:[1 - 65535]

0.0.0.0:9001

Startup

https.server

The host and port for the web server, used when the ihc.http.policy is equal to HTTPS_ONLY or BOTH_HTTP_HTTPS.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

String:[1 - 65535]

0.0.0.0:8001

Startup

ihc.http.policy

Determines the HTTP policy supported by IHC Server.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

HTTP_ONLY, HTTPS_ONLY, BOTH_HTTP_HTTPS

HTTP_ONLY

Startup

ihc.server.bind

The address the ihc server will bind to. If not specified, the default is "0.0.0.0:7000". In all cases, the port should be identical to the port used in the ihc.server address.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

<String>:[1 - 65535]

0.0.0.0:7000

Startup

ihc.server

The hostname and port the IHC server will listen on.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

<String>:[1 - 65535]

$FUSION_HOSTNAME:7000

Startup

ihc.ssl.ciphers

Sets which TLS versions are used.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Comma separated list of ciphers

See How to configure the TLS version for details.

Startup

ihc.ssl.enabled

Signifies that the IHC Server communications has SSL encryption enabled.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

ihc.ssl.key.alias

Alias of private key / certificate chain of the IHC server used to encrypt communications.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Alias of a keystore entry

N/A

Startup

ihc.ssl.key.password

Encrypted password of private key entry in keystore. Can be encrypted using encrypt-password.sh.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Encrypted password

N/A

Startup

ihc.ssl.keystore

Local filesystem path of key store containing key entry.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Absolute path to key store.

N/A

Startup

ihc.ssl.keystore.password

Encrypted password of key store. Can be encrypted using encrypt-password.sh.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Encrypted password

N/A

Startup

ihc.ssl.keystore.type

Format of key store

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

JKS, PKCS12, etc.

JKS

Startup

ihc.ssl.truststore

Local filesystem path of trust store used to validate certificates sent by other IHC servers or Fusion Servers.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Absolute path to trust store

N/A

Startup

ihc.ssl.truststore.password

Encrypted password of trust store. Can be encrypted using encrypt-password.sh.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Encrypted password

N/A

Startup

ihc.ssl.truststore.type

Format of trust store.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

JKS, PKCS12, etc.

JKS

Startup

Additional properties

The following properties are non-standard, and will not be present in a IHC properties file by default.

ihc.compression.enabled

Enables compression of transferring data between Fusion and IHC.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

true/false

false

Startup

ihc.compression.codec

Data compression codec.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

SNAPPY, GZIP, ZLIB, DEFLATE

SNAPPY

Startup

ihc.compression.level

Data compression level:
1 - minimum compression
9 - maximum compression

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

1-9

Startup

ihc.ssl.mutual.authentication

To require mutual authentication between the Fusion and IHC servers, set this to true. This sets the inbound connections from a remote Fusion Server to the IHC.

SSL must also be enabled and ssl.mutual.authentication = true.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

ihc.transfer.ssl.handshake.timeout

SSL Handshake timeout on transfer channel.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Integer

Startup

ihc.transfer.write.limit

Write bandwidth limit on transfer channel. Property added in 2.12.1.8.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Integer (bytes/sec)

0 (Unlimited)

Startup

ihc.transfer.write.limit.check.interval

Check interval for bandwidth limit enforcement. Property added in 2.12.1.8.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Integer (seconds)

Startup

ihc.writer.threads

Number of threads servicing write handlers that perform reads from underlying storage and writes to network channel. Property added in 2.13.0.x

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Integer

Startup

IHC Network configuration

The following is a description of how IHC servers are added to the replication system:

The IHC servers are configured with the addresses of the WANdisco Fusion servers that inhabit the same zone.
Periodically, the IHC servers ping the WANdisco Fusion servers using these stored addresses.
The WANdisco Fusion servers will announce the IHC servers that have pinged them.

IHC servers in standard configuration should have the address of all WANdisco Fusion servers, since the core-site.xml property fusion.server lists them all. This is important because only the Writer node in each zone will confirm the existence of IHCs that have pinged it. Therefore the IHC Server has to talk to all Fusion servers in the zone in order to be flagged as available.

The same method is used in Hadoop to handle namenode and datanode connections. The datanode is configured with the namenode’s address and uses the address to contact the namenode and indicate its availability. If the namenode doesn’t hear from the datanode within a set period, the namenode assumes that the datanode is offline.

7.2.3. Fusion Client configuration

Usage Guide

There is a fixed relationship between the type of deployment and some of the Fusion Client parameters. The following table describes this relationship:

Table 7. Deployment type and Client Parameter combinations
Configuration	fs.fusion.impl	fs.AbstractFileSystem.fusion.impl	fs.hdfs.impl
Use of fusion:/// with HCFS	com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHcfs	com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionAbstractFs	Blank
Use of fusion:/// with HDFS	com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs	com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionAbstractFs	Blank
Use of hdfs:/// with HDFS	Blank	Blank	com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs
Use of fusion:/// and hdfs:/// with HDFS	com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs	com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionAbstractFs	com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs

Also see Replicating using the Filesystem’s scheme.

Configuring properties for the Fusion Client

From 2.14, an additional file can be used to configure the Fusion Client. Using this file you can make updates to Fusion Client properties, without editing the core-site.xml which would require redistributing the core-site.xml and restarting Hadoop services.

The config.properties file can be placed in one of three locations. The client checks these in the following order, stopping at the first one found.

the replicated exchange directory i.e. hdfs://<fusion.replicated.dir.exchange>/<fusion.client.configuration.path>
the root of the Hadoop filesystem, i.e. hdfs:///<fusion.client.configuration.path>
on the local filesystem relative to where the process runs, i.e. /var/lib/hadoop-hdfs/<fusion.client.configuration.path>. If placed here, it will only affect local clients unless the file is replicated.

The default value for fusion.client.configuration.path is .fusion/client/config.properties.

For example, if fusion.client.configuration.path = my-configuration.properties, then the locations checked would be hdfs://<fusion.replicated.dir.exchange>/my-configuration.properties, hdfs://my-configuration.properties or /var/lib/hadoop-hdfs/my-configuration.properties.

If a file exists at any of the locations, it will be read as a properties file. Any of the Fusion Client properties that can be set in the core-site.xml can be set here. The expected keys and values are the same, and properties that can have multiple values should be comma-separated.

To change the system property fusion.client.configuration.path, set the value when running the client:

if you are using the hdfs client, set HADOOP_CLIENT_OPTS="-Dfusion.client.configuration.path=/the/path/to/my/config" and then run the client.
if you are using a pure java client, specify -Dfusion.client.configuration.path=/the/path/to/my/config when running the client.

7.2.4. Core-site configuration

Common location for HDP

/etc/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml

Common location for CDH/CDP

/etc/alternatives/hadoop-conf/core-site.xml

Common location for Cloud/LocalFS

Fusion Server = /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/core-site.xml
IHC Server = /etc/wandisco/fusion/ihc/server/{distro}/core-site.xml

The core-site.xml file contains many configurable properties that are used by the Fusion Client, Fusion Server, or both. These are described in this section, grouped by function.

General
Security
Consistency Check and Bypass
LocalFileSystems
Azure
Swift

The default for each property, where appropriate, is indicated in bold.

The Fusion Client properties can also be set in config.properties.

General settings

Property Description

fs.AbstractFileSystem.fusion.impl

The Abstract FileSystem implementation to be used. Will not be present if "HDFS URI with HDFS" scheme is used. See the Fusion Client Usage Guide for details.

Permitted value Default Checked at

Java Class (string)

com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionAbstractFs

Startup

fs.fusion.impl

The FileSystem implementation to be used. Will not be present if "HDFS URI with HDFS" scheme is used. See the Fusion Client Usage Guide for details.

Permitted value Default Checked at

Java Class (string)

com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs

Startup

fs.fusion.push.threshold

The number of bytes the client will write before sending a push request to the Fusion server indicating bytes are available for transfer. If the threshold is 0, pushes are disabled. The default is the block size of the underlying filesystem.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

0 - Long.MAX_VALUE

Block size of underlying FS

Startup

fs.fusion.underlyingFs

The address of the underlying filesystem. This is often the same as the fs.defaultFS property of the underlying hadoop. However, in cases like EMRFS, the fs.defaultFS points to a local HDFS built on the instance storage which is temporary, with persistent data being stored in S3. In this case, S3 storage is likely to be the fs.fusion.underlyingFs.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

String:[1 – 65535] or URL

N/A

Startup

fs.hdfs.impl

The DistributedFileSystem implementation to be used. Will only be seen when certain schemes are in configured - "HDFS URI with HDFS" and "Fusion and HDFS URIs with HDFS". See the Fusion Client Usage Guide for further details.

Permitted value Default Checked at

Java Class (string)

com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs

Startup

fusion.dsmToken.dir

Customize .fusion dsm token directory. Without this property, the default is the replicated directory location. See section further below for more details.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Underlying filesystem path not under replication

N/A

Startup

fusion.replicated.dir.exchange

Location from which clients should try to read information about replicated directories, before contacting Fusion server. It’s necessary to configure the same in server’s application.properties, so that it generates the necessary data.

Permitted value Default Checked at

Underlying filesystem path not under replication

/wandisco/exchange_dir

Startup

fusion.server

The hostname and request port of the Fusion server. Comma-separated list of hostname:port for multiple Fusion servers in the Zone.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

String:[1 – 65535]

N/A

Startup

Additional properties

The following properties are non-standard, and will not be present in a core-site.xml file by default.

fusion.client.retry.max.attempts

Max number of times to attempt to connect to a Fusion server before failing over (in the case of multiple Fusion servers).

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Any integer

Startup

fs.fusion.underlyingFsClass

The name of the implementation class for the underlying file system specified with fs.fusion.underlyingFs.

Value

Fusion expects particular implementation classes to be associated with common URI schemes used by Hadoop clients when accessing the file system (e.g. s3://, file://, hdfs://, etc.)

If your cluster is configured to use alternative implementations classes for the scheme configured in fs.fusion.underlyingFs, you need to specify the name of the implementation for the underlying file system with this item. You also need to specify the implementation if using a URI scheme that is not one of those known to the defaults here.

Note - if you wish to write checksum (.crc) files to a local filesystem, this property should be change to org.apache.hadoop.fs.LocalFileSystem.

Default

There is a default per scheme:
abfs: org.apache.hadoop.fs.azurebfs.AzureBlobFileSystem
adl: org.apache.hadoop.fs.adl.AdlFileSystem
file: org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem
gs: com.google.cloud.hadoop.fs.gcs.GoogleHadoopFileSystem
hdfs: org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem
mapr: com.mapr.fs.MapRFileSystem
s3: com.amazon.ws.emr.hadoop.fs.EmrFileSystem
s3a: org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3AFileSystem
s3n: com.amazon.ws.emr.hadoop.fs.EmrFileSystem
wasb: org.apache.hadoop.fs.azure.NativeAzureFileSystem
wasbs: org.apache.hadoop.fs.azure.NativeAzureFileSystem$Secure - if you get a ClassNoFoundExeption error see the workaround detailed here.

Checked at

Startup

fusion.enable.early.pulls

If true, the Fusion server will pull data when it receives an HFlush request from another zone.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

When an HFlushRequest is received

fusion.client.connect.timeout.secs

The maximum period of time, in seconds, that the Fusion Client should spend attempting to establish a connection to each Fusion Server.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Any integer

Startup

fusion.client.thread.pool.size

The number of threads to use for the event loop group, per client unless the group is shared.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Any integer, optimised for powers of 2.

Startup

fusion.client.share.event.loop.group

A flag to indicate if unique instances of Fusion Client should share a common NettyEventLoopGroup.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

fusion.client.request.ack.timeout.secs

The time before a Fusion Client request will timeout due to a lack of acknowledgement from the Fusion server.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Any integer

120

Startup

Details for `fusion.dsmToken.dir` property

This property is used to set a custom location for the .fusion DSM token directory. The property is not yet configurable in the Fusion UI. The following limitations apply:

The token directory can only be changed when no replicated directories exist. Otherwise the behavior is undefined.
Some files, such as the Consistency Check metadata are transferred via the standard IHC mechanism, which will require that the paths are identical across all zones. As a result, this configuration must be applied across all zones.
If the path used contains a special URL character, the characters must be encoded. For example, if the desired path is /my dsm&dir, it needs to be set as /my%20dsm%26dir.

Security Settings

The following properties are used if Kerberos and/or SSL are enabled on the underlying cluster. These properties must be defined in the /etc/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml file and if you are using unmanaged clusters will also need to be replicated to the IHC core-site.xml file. The default for each property, where appropriate, is indicated in bold.

Property Description

fusion.client.ssl.enabled

Enables SSL between the Fusion Server - Fusion Client. See Client to Fusion server encryption for details.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Usage

True/false

False

fusion.client.ssl.truststore

Local filesystem path of trust store used to validate certificates sent by Fusion Servers.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Absolute path to trust store

N/A

Startup

Fusion 2.16.2 and below: fusion.client.ssl.truststore.password
Fusion 2.16.3 and above: fusion.client.ssl.truststore.pwd

Encrypted password of trust store. Can be encrypted using encrypt-password.sh.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Encrypted password

N/A

Startup

fusion.client.ssl.truststore.type

Format of key store

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

JKS, PKCS12, etc.

JKS

Startup

fusion.handshakeToken.dir

Path to the Kerberos handshake token directory. The Fusion server(s) will attempt to write to this directory to verify that the user has the proper Kerberos credentials to write to the underlying file system. See Setting up handshake tokens for details of this property. If this property is not set, the default location for handshake tokens would be /user/$USERNAME.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Underlying Filesystem path

N/A

On processing a client request

fusion.http.authentication.enabled

Enables authentication on the REST API.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

Fusion 2.16.2 and below: fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.keytab
Fusion 2.16.3 and above: fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.ktab

The path to a keytab that contains the principal specified in fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.principal.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Absolute path to Kerberos keytab

N/A

Startup

fusion.http.authentication.kerberos.principal

The principal the fusion server will use to login with. The name of the principal must be "HTTP".

Permitted value Default Checked at

Kerberos principal in HTTP/̲HOST@{KERBEROS_REALM} format

N/A

Startup

fusion.http.authentication.type

Type of authentication to use for http access.

Permitted value Default Checked at

simple or kerberos

simple

Startup

fusion.http.authorization.authorized.proxies

Permitted value Default Checked at

Comma-delimited list of users

HTTP

Startup

fusion.http.authorization.authorized.read.writers

Users that are allowed to make read OR write calls (any type of HTTP request).

Permitted value Default Checked at

Comma-delimited list of users

fusionUISystem

Startup

fusion.http.authorization.authorized.readers

Users that are allowed to make read calls ONLY (write calls are PATCH, POST, PUT, DELETE).

Permitted value Default Checked at

Comma-delimited list of users

fusionUISystem

Startup

fusion.http.authorization.enabled

Enables authorization on the REST API. Authentication must also be enabled.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Startup

Fusion 2.16.2 and below: fusion.keytab
Fusion 2.16.3 and above: fusion.ktab

The path to a keytab that contains the principal specified in fusion.principal.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Absolute path to Kerberos keytab

N/A

Startup

fusion.principal

The name of the fusion principal found in the fusion.keytab file. Used for Kerberos login purposes since a keytab can contain multiple principals.

Permitted value Default Checked at

{PRINCIPAL}@{KERBEROS_REALM}

N/A

Startup

Additional properties

The following properties are non-standard, and will not be present in a core-site.xml file by default.

fusion.system.user

If defined, Fusion impersonates to this user for performing various HDFS tasks that require system privileges (e.g. change of ownership, repairs, etc). It must be defined when fusion.principal is not a system user, otherwise the actions defining system privileges will fail. If not defined, the fusion.principal is used.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

System Username

N/A

Startup

Consistency Check and Bypass Settings

The following properties determine how consistency checks and bypass run.

Property Description

fusion.client.bypass.retry.interval.secs

The length of time for which the client will stay "bypassed" before trying Fusion again. This is will only occur if the Fusion server was still uncontactable.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Time in seconds

Every time a fusion client attempts to connect to a fusion server.

fusion.client.can.bypass

If the client cannot contact the Fusion server, this setting will allow a client request to bypass replication and proceed directly to the underlying filesystem after retrying.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

False

Every time a client request is submitted

Additional properties

The following properties are non-standard, and will not be present in a core-site.xml file by default.

fusion.check.permissions

If true, then Fusion will include the permissions in the produced file statuses and they will then be compared in consistency check.
Default values
True for file://, hdfs://, maprfs://, wasb:// and wasbs://
False otherwise.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

See note above

Startup

fusion.check.ownerAndGroup

If true, then Fusion will include the group and username in the produced file statuses and it will be then compared in consistency check.
For owner equivalence, this property needs to be true, as well as fusion.username.translations enabled. This will only be referenced if fusion.check.permissions=true.
Default values
True for file://, hdfs://, maprfs://, wasb:// and wasbs://
False otherwise.
See here if using ADL.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

See note above

Startup

fusion.acls.supported

Whether Fusion will try to read or set ACLs. If false, they will not be compared in consistency check.

Permitted value Default Checked at

True/false

True for hdfs://, false otherwise.

Startup

fusion.append.supported

Determines whether the filesystem supports appends or not. Fusion already contains a list of filesystems that contain defaults based on whether appends are supported. For new filesystems, this configuration can be used.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

True/false

default: "true" for new file systems

LocalFileSystems

We’ve introduced FusionLocalFs for LocalFileSystems using WANdisco Fusion. This is necessary because there are a couple of places where the system expects to use a Local File System.

Configuration

fs.fusion.impl

fs.AbstractFileSystem.fusion.impl

fs.hdfs.impl

LocalFileSystems

com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionLocalFs

Therefore, for LocalFileSystems, users should set their fs.<parameter>.impl configuration to *com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionLocalFs*.

Usage

Set fs.file.impl to FusionLocalFs, (then any file:/// command will go through FusionLocalFs)
Set fs.fusion.impl to FusionLocalFs, (then any fusion:/// command will go through FusionLocalFs).

Further more, a user can now set any scheme to any Fusion*Fs and when running a command with that scheme, it will go through that Fusion*Fs. e.g.,
Set fs.orange.impl to FusionLocalFs, (then any oranges:/// command will go through FusionLocalFs).
Set fs.lemon.impl to FusionHdfs, (then any lemon:/// command will go through FusionHdfs).

Azure Configuration

When using Fusion with Azure the following configurations can be added to /etc/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml or /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/core-site.xml if there is no Hadoop.

Property Description

fusion.adl.ugi.check.path

The service principal user and group of the Filesystem instance is needed for ADL. This metadata is retrieved from the directory specified by this property. This directory requires write permissions by this client.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

/a/b/c

The home directory i.e /user/hdfs

Swift Plugin Configuration

When using the Fusion Swift plugin the following configurations need to be added to /etc/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml or /etc/wandisco/fusion/server/core-site.xml if there is no Hadoop.

Property Description

fs.fusion.swift.containerName

The name of the container that will store the file system.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

The name of a swift container

None - must be present

Startup

fs.fusion.swift.segmentContainerName

The name of the container that will store the data for large objects.

Permitted value Default Checked at

The name of a swift container other than the one for fs.fusion.swift.containerName.

None - must be present

Startup

fs.fusion.swift.endpoint

The Swift endpoint

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

https://identity.open.softlayer.com/v3

None - must be present.

Startup

fs.fusion.swift.password

Encrypted password used to access the swift container.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Password encrypted using encrypt-password.sh

None - must be present

Startup

fs.fusion.swift.projectId

ID of project or account

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Unique identifier representing a project

None - must be present

Startup

fs.fusion.swift.userId

ID of user (not username)

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Unique identifier representing a user.

None - must be present

Startup

fs.fusion.swift.domainName (optional)

The domainName of the container - can be used instead of fs.fusion.swift.domainId.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

The name of your domain

Use domainId instead

Startup

fs.fusion.swift.domainId (optional)

The domainId of the container - can be used instead of fs.fusion.swift.domainName

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Unique identifier representing a project.

None - must be present

Startup

fs.fusion.swift.region (optional)

The region of the container

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

Region name

None

Startup

fs.fusion.swift.bufferDir (optional)

Path to the directory where files are downloaded locally from IHC servers before uploading to Swift.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

A path to a directory that is writable by the user running the fusion server.

System temp dir, usually /tmp.

Startup

fs.fusion.swift.segmentSize (optional)

The object size at which to separate large objects into segments.

Permitted value

Default

Checked at

A number with a GB or MB suffix or a number in bytes.

5GB

Startup

7.3. API

WANdisco Fusion offers increased control and flexibility through a RESTful (REpresentational State Transfer) API.

Below are listed some example calls that you can use to guide the construction of your own scripts and API driven interactions.

7.3.1. Authentication warning

It’s important that you restrict access to your API. If your Fusion instance is not kerberized or is kerberized but API authentication isn’t enabled then the Fusion core API will be open to use without providing security credentials. A warning will appear on the dashboard if server is running in this state.

Figure 179. Warning about unprotected API

For more information about restricting API access, see the section on Kerbreos.

7.3.2. REST API Endpoints

API documentation is still in development:

Note that the API documentation is incomplete and requires clarification of available endpoints.

Note the following:

All calls use the base URI:

http(s)://<server-host>:8082/fusion/<resource>

The internet media type of the data supported by the web service is application/xml.
The API is hypertext driven, using the following HTTP methods:

Type

Action

POST

Create a resource on the server

GET

Retrieve a resource from the server

PUT

Modify the state of a resource

DELETE

Remove a resource

If you have Kerberos-authentication enabled on REST API, you must kinit before making REST calls, and enable GSS-Negotiate authentication. To do this with curl, you must include the "--negotiate" and "-u:" options e.g.:
```
curl --negotiate -u: -X GET "http://${HOSTNAME}:8082/fusion/fs/transfers"
```

REST calls do not have any associated style information. To make the output human readable you can, for example, use:

curl <your URL> | xmllint --format -

7.3.3. Unsupported operations

As part of Fusion’s replication system, we capture and replicate some "write" operations to an underlying DistributedFileSystem/FileSystem API. However, the truncate command is not currently supported. Do not run this command as the filesystem will become inconsistent between clusters.

7.3.4. Examples

The following examples illustrate some simple use cases, most are direct calls through a web browser, although for deeper or interactive examples, a curl client may be used.

Mount point information

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/

Calling the mount point output:

Output

<application>
        <applicationLocation>.</applicationLocation>
        <beaconPeriod>1000</beaconPeriod>
        <DConePort>6444</DConePort>
        <databaseLocation>/opt/fusion-server/dcone/db</databaseLocation>
        <httpPort>8082</httpPort>
        <httpsPort>0</httpsPort>
        <sslEnabled>false</sslEnabled>
</application>

List all replicated paths

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/paths

Output

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<replicatedDirectories>
    <total>1</total>
    <offset>0</offset>
    <size>1</size>
    <replicatedDirectory>
        <path>/WD-VIRTUAL-e48fa475-7d61-11ea-92df-624e57123f7b</path>
        <mappings>
            <mapping>
                <zoneId>zone2</zoneId>
                <location>/repl1</location>
            </mapping>
            <mapping>
                <zoneId>zone1</zoneId>
                <location>/repl1</location>
            </mapping>
        </mappings>
        <name>/repl1</name>
        <membershipId>5ba80309-15bc-4a23-938b-82d341cc674c</membershipId>
        <familyRepresentativeId>
            <nodeId>1bce6644-5c3d-4b55-a9ed-f71f842fdbb2</nodeId>
            <dsmId>e48fa475-7d61-11ea-92df-624e57123f7b</dsmId>
        </familyRepresentativeId>
        <consistencyReport>
            <result>UNKNOWN</result>
            <lastCheck>-1</lastCheck>
            <nextCheck>-1</nextCheck>
            <lastCheckResult>UNKNOWN</lastCheckResult>
        </consistencyReport>
        <isLeaderElected>false</isLeaderElected>
        <isLeader>false</isLeader>
        <writer>
            <nodeId>1bce6644-5c3d-4b55-a9ed-f71f842fdbb2</nodeId>
            <dsmId>e48fa475-7d61-11ea-92df-624e57123f7b</dsmId>
        </writer>
        <isWriterElected>true</isWriterElected>
        <isWriter>true</isWriter>
        <gsn>0</gsn>
        <transfersInProgress>0</transfersInProgress>
        <paused>false</paused>
    </replicatedDirectory>
</replicatedDirectories>

Return a specific replicated path

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs?path=<replicated-path>

Output

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<replicatedDirectory>
  <path>/WD-VIRTUAL-21392122-83db-11ea-95ff-1e49175bf769</path>
  <mappings>
    <mapping>
      <zoneId>zone2</zoneId>
      <location>/repl1</location>
    </mapping>
    <mapping>
      <zoneId>zone1</zoneId>
      <location>/repl1</location>
    </mapping>
  </mappings>
  <name>repl_test</name>
  <membershipId>5fe21eed-59a1-4dd2-bb66-531acf1fa9f3</membershipId>
  <familyRepresentativeId>
    <nodeId>7377776d-303d-4c04-8aeb-d173f2b32ab5</nodeId>
    <dsmId>21392122-83db-11ea-95ff-1e49175bf769</dsmId>
  </familyRepresentativeId>
  <consistencyReport>
    <result>UNKNOWN</result>
    <lastCheck>-1</lastCheck>
    <nextCheck>-1</nextCheck>
    <lastCheckResult>UNKNOWN</lastCheckResult>
  </consistencyReport>
  <leader>
    <nodeId>7377776d-303d-4c04-8aeb-d173f2b32ab5</nodeId>
    <dsmId>21392122-83db-11ea-95ff-1e49175bf769</dsmId>
  </leader>
  <isLeaderElected>true</isLeaderElected>
  <isLeader>true</isLeader>
  <writer>
    <nodeId>7377776d-303d-4c04-8aeb-d173f2b32ab5</nodeId>
    <dsmId>21392122-83db-11ea-95ff-1e49175bf769</dsmId>
  </writer>
  <isWriterElected>true</isWriterElected>
  <isWriter>true</isWriter>
  <gsn>5</gsn>
  <transfersInProgress>0</transfersInProgress>
  <paused>false</paused>
</replicatedDirectory>

If you are using path mapping, the path name given is relative to the Fusion zone you are in.

Example

Zone 1 path = /repl1
Zone 2 path = /repl2

URL to use in Zone 1 = http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs?path=/repl1

URL to use in Zone 2 = http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs?path=/repl2

Add a replicated path

Create a file called stateMachine.xml for use as payload in the REST API call. This file will contain the configuration for the replicated path.

Without path mapping

Use this method when adding a replicated path that refers to the same location in all Zones (e.g. zone1=/repl1, zone2=/repl1, replicatedPathName=repl1).

stateMachine.xml

<deployReplicatedDirectory>
  <replicatedPathName>repl1</replicatedPathName>
  <mappings>
    <mapping>
      <zoneId>zone2</zoneId>
      <location>/repl1</location>
    </mapping>
    <mapping>
      <zoneId>zone1</zoneId>
      <location>/repl1</location>
    </mapping>
  </mappings>
  <preferredZone>zone1</preferredZone>
</deployReplicatedDirectory>

Curl call example to add it:

curl -v -X POST -d@./stateMachine.xml -H "Content-Type: application/xml" http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/deployReplicatedRule

OUTPUT

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
  <namespacedpath>
    <path>/WD-VIRTUAL-e63909ac-83dd-11ea-aad2-e62bfa20235d</path>
  </namespacedpath>

With path mapping

Use this method when adding a replicated path that refers to different locations any of the Zones (e.g. zone1=/repl1, zone2=/repl2, replicatedPathName=repl1_2).

stateMachine.xml

<deployReplicatedDirectory>
  <replicatedPathName>repl1_2</replicatedPathName>
  <mappings>
    <mapping>
      <zoneId>zone2</zoneId>
      <location>/repl2</location>
    </mapping>
    <mapping>
      <zoneId>zone1</zoneId>
      <location>/repl1</location>
    </mapping>
  </mappings>
  <preferredZone>zone1</preferredZone>
</deployReplicatedDirectory>

Curl call example to add it:

curl -v -X POST -d@./stateMachine.xml -H "Content-Type: application/xml" http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/deployReplicatedRule

OUTPUT

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
  <namespacedpath>
    <path>/WD-VIRTUAL-eb15a330-83e3-11ea-aad2-e62bfa20235d</path>
  </namespacedpath>

Pause and resume replication

PUT /fusion/replication/pauseNode

Use this endpoint to pause replication for a path on the local node. The operation uses an uncoordinated stop using DConE (WANdisco’s proprietary coordination engine). Any operations already accepted and in flight will continue to be processed before the pause comes into effect. The function is intended to be used if quorum is lost.

This operation is not coordinated, so it must be performed on each node individually.

PUT fusion_node1.example.com:8082/fusion/fs/replication/pauseNode?path=/WD-VIRTUAL-2f7ae260-885d-11ea-9457-b241eaa163ff

You can check the path is paused by getting GET fusion/fs (see paused property):

<replicatedDirectory>
        <path>/WD-VIRTUAL-2f7ae260-885d-11ea-9457-b241eaa163ff</path>
        <mappings>
            <mapping>
                <zoneId>zone2</zoneId>
                <location>/repl1</location>
            </mapping>
            <mapping>
                <zoneId>zone1</zoneId>
                <location>/repl1</location>
            </mapping>
        </mappings>
        <name>/repl1</name>
        <membershipId>3740fb32-2891-4340-aa23-142900c053bd</membershipId>
        <familyRepresentativeId>
            <nodeId>1bce6644-5c3d-4b55-a9ed-f71f842fdbb2</nodeId>
            <dsmId>2f7ae260-885d-11ea-9457-b241eaa163ff</dsmId>
        </familyRepresentativeId>
        <consistencyReport>
            <result>UNKNOWN</result>
            <lastCheck>-1</lastCheck>
            <nextCheck>-1</nextCheck>
            <lastCheckResult>UNKNOWN</lastCheckResult>
        </consistencyReport>
        <leader>
            <nodeId>1bce6644-5c3d-4b55-a9ed-f71f842fdbb2</nodeId>
            <dsmId>2f7ae260-885d-11ea-9457-b241eaa163ff</dsmId>
     </leader>
     <isLeaderElected>true</isLeaderElected>
     <isLeader>true</isLeader>
     <writer>
         <nodeId>1bce6644-5c3d-4b55-a9ed-f71f842fdbb2</nodeId>
         <dsmId>2f7ae260-885d-11ea-9457-b241eaa163ff</dsmId>
     </writer>
     <isWriterElected>true</isWriterElected>
     <isWriter>true</isWriter>
     <gsn>16418</gsn>
     <transfersInProgress>0</transfersInProgress>
     <paused>true</paused>
 </replicatedDirectory>

PUT replication/resumeNode

Resume replication for a path on the local node. This uses an uncoordinated start. It is suitable for use whenever there is no quorum but needs to be performed on each node individually.

fusion_node1.example.com:8082/fusion/fs/replication/resumeNode?path=/WD-VIRTUAL-2f7ae260-885d-11ea-9457-b241eaa163ff

PUT replication/pauseZone

Pause replication for a path on all nodes in the specified zone. This uses a coordinated stop at the DConE layer. Any operations that are already in-flight will continue to be processed before the pause comes into effect. Since this operation relies upon a coordinated stop, there must be quorum for it to work. For situations where there is no quorum, use the pauseNode function on each individual node in the zone.

fusion_node1.example.com:8082/fusion/fs/replication/pauseZone?zone=zone1&path=/WD-VIRTUAL-2f7ae260-885d-11ea-9457-b241eaa163ff

PUT replication/resumeZone

Resume replication for a path on all nodes in the specified zone. This relies upon a coordinated start. There must be quorum for this to complete. For situations where there is no quorum, use the alternative resumeNode() function on each node in the zone. If there is no quorum when we call resumeZone, the endpoint will start the task, returning a 202, but it won’t complete the task until quorum is resumed.

fusion_node1.example.com:8082/fusion/fs/replication/resumeZone?zone=zone1&path=/WD-VIRTUAL-2f7ae260-885d-11ea-9457-b241eaa163ff

Path priority

Use this endpoint to control the relative priority of replicated paths.

GET fs/priority

GET fusion_node1.example.com:8082/fusion/fs/priority

Response

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<ZonePriority>
    <defaultPriority>1</defaultPriority>
    <zone>zone1</zone>
</ZonePriority>

PUT fs/priority

Set the priority for a path. The priority must be in the range of 1 to 5 and can be set against either the path itself or the DSM Id for the path. The zone to set the priorities for, if no zone is set, then it will default to the local zone. If allzones is set to true then the priority will be set across all zones.

Parameters:

dsmId - Optional. DSM Id of the path, this or the path should be set.
priority - Required. The priority to set for the path must be between 1 to 5.
path - Optional. Path to set the priority for.
zone - Optional. The zone to set the priority for the path, if not set, then it will default to the local zone.
allZones - Optional. If set to true, then the priority will be set across all zones.

PUT mmysk01-vm1.bdauto.wandisco.com:8082/fusion/fs/priority?path=/WD-VIRTUAL-2f7ae260-885d-11ea-9457-b241eaa163ff&priority=5

We can check set priority by GET fs/priority:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<ZonePriority>
    <defaultPriority>1</defaultPriority>
    <pathPriorities>
        <localPath>/repl1</localPath>
        <namespacePath>/WD-VIRTUAL-2f7ae260-885d-11ea-9457-b241eaa163ff</namespacePath>
        <priority>5</priority>
    </pathPriorities>
    <zone>zone1</zone>
</ZonePriority>

Delete a replicated path

Example curl command:

curl -v -X DELETE http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs?path=<replicated-path>

If you are using path mapping, the path name given is relative to the Fusion zone you are in.

Example

Zone 1 path = /repl1
Zone 2 path = /repl2

URL to use in Zone 1 = http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs?path=/repl1

URL to use in Zone 2 = http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs?path=/repl2

Show inbound transfers

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/transfers

Show tasks

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/tasks

Output

<tasks>
<task xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="membershipProposalTaskDTO">
        <taskId>8391e4c7-e803-11e4-b2f1-c62bbea4984d</taskId>
        <timeCreated>1429606251844</timeCreated>
        <creatorNodeId>f5255a0b-bcfc-40c0-b2a7-64546f571f2a</creatorNodeId>
        <timeUpdated>1429606252381</timeUpdated>
        <isDone>true</isDone>
        <aborted>false</aborted>
        <properties>
                <entry>
                <key>TASK_TYPE</key>
                <value>MEMBERSHIP_PROPOSAL_TASK_TYPE</value>
                </entry>
        </properties>
        <previousTask xsi:nil="true"/>
        <message>
6ea76f8d-e803-11e4-b2f1-c62bbea4984d, membershipId: simpleMembership, dsmId: 8391e4c8-e803-11e4-b2f1-c62bbea4984d, uri: /repl1
        </message>
</task>
</tasks>

Show memberships

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/memberships

Show Zones

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/zones

OUTPUT

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<zones>
  <zone>
    <zoneName>zone2</zoneName>
    <isLocal>false</isLocal>
    <ihcServers>
      <ihcServer>
        <address><fusion-server-hostname>/<fusion-server-IP>:7000</address>
        <lastUpdate>1587486877802</lastUpdate>
        <isUp>true</isUp>
      </ihcServer>
    </ihcServers>
    <bandwidthPolicies/>
    <bandwidthMetrics>
      <readThroughput>0</readThroughput>
      <bytesRead>2480</bytesRead>
    </bandwidthMetrics>
    <globalProperties>
      <version>1</version>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>/**/.fusion</exclusion>
        <exclusion>/**/.fusion/**</exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </globalProperties>
  </zone>
</zones>

Show Zone Info

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/zone/<zone-name>

OUTPUT

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<zone>
  <zoneName>zone1</zoneName>
  <isLocal>true</isLocal>
  <ihcServers>
    <ihcServer>
      <address><fusion-server-hostname>/<fusion-server-IP>:7000</address>
      <lastUpdate>1587487069164</lastUpdate>
      <isUp>true</isUp>
    </ihcServer>
  </ihcServers>
  <bandwidthPolicies/>
  <globalProperties>
    <version>1</version>
    <exclusions>
      <exclusion>/**/.fusion</exclusion>
      <exclusion>/**/.fusion/**</exclusion>
    </exclusions>
  </globalProperties>
  <localProperties>
    <version>1</version>
    <ihcDirection>OUTBOUND</ihcDirection>
    <replicateACLs>false</replicateACLs>
    <completedGsnSizeThreshold>1000</completedGsnSizeThreshold>
    <completedGsnTimeThreshold>10000</completedGsnTimeThreshold>
  </localProperties>
</zone>

Show Nodes

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/nodes

Output

<nodes>
  <node>
    <nodeIdentity>f0d2afc3-616d-4361-9240-2a4ecafe9cee</nodeIdentity>
    <locationIdentity>9f4f8e2f-83bd-11ea-aad2-e62bfa20235d</locationIdentity>
    <isLocal>true</isLocal>
    <isUp>true</isUp>
    <isStopped>false</isStopped>
    <lastStatusChange>1587466108314</lastStatusChange>
    <attributes>
      <attribute>
        <key>eco.system.membership</key>
        <value>ECO-MEMBERSHIP-0744140f-83db-11ea-95ff-1e49175bf769</value>
      </attribute>
      <attribute>
        <key>node.name</key>
        <value>mycluster01-vm1_367</value>
      </attribute>
      <attribute>
        <key>eco.system.dsm.identity</key>
        <value>ECO-DSM-a1eca741-83bd-11ea-aad2-e62bfa20235d</value>
      </attribute>
    </attributes>
  </node>
</nodes>

Consistency Check

You can trigger consistency checks through the REST API using the following commands. The default is a non-blocking consistency check e.g.:

curl -v -X POST 'http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/check?path=<replicated-path>'

Blocking consistency checks can be run by setting the nonBlocking parameter e.g.:

curl -v -X POST 'http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/check?path=<replicated-path>&nonBlocking=false'

Other parameters which can be set are:

checksumMethod=MD5|SHA1|NONE - The checksum method that consistency check should use. It can be either MD5, SHA1 or NONE. The default value is set globally for all replicas of the path in GlobalProperties.
nonBlockingThreshold=0 - The number of modified paths on one side which can be reached before the consistency check is cancelled. The default is 0 but this falls back to 100000.

To return the consistency check report, take the taskId returned in the Content-Location header and view the report with, for example:

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/check/b911241f-c430-11e4-9486-0ebe9eaaf785

The above will return just a summary of the number of inconsistencies but additional parameters can be added.

The task can also be viewed:

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/task/b911241f-c430-11e4-9486-0ebe9eaaf785

Additional parameters for consistency checks

The following parameters can be added to the command above to return extra details of the consistency check results:

withConsistencyReport=true - returns the details of the CC result. By default only 5000 entries will be returned.
firstEntry=1 - start of the range for the list of inconsistencies (used to override default 5000 entry limit).
lastEntry=80100 - end of the range for the list of inconsistencies (used to override default 5000 entry limit). This example will return up to 80100 inconsistencies - the figure is configurable based on the number of inconsistencies you wish to view.

Scheduled consistency checks

Use the following API call to set up Consistency Checks that are scheduled:

curl --negotiate -u: -X PUT 'http://[hostname]:8082/fusion/fs/properties/global?path=[path]&consistencyCheckPeriod=0%200%200%2F2%20%3F%20*%20*%20*'

consistencyCheckPeriod - Crontab time-schedule format.
The default value is 0 0 0/6 ? * * (Start at midnight, running every six hours, every day for all months and years.)

Example scheduled consistency check

<globalProperties>
  <version>1</version>
  <preserveBlockSize>false</preserveBlockSize>
  <scheduledCheckEnabled>false</scheduledCheckEnabled>
  <preserveReplication>false</preserveReplication>
  <preserveStoragePolicy>false</preserveStoragePolicy>
  <preserveTimestamps>false</preserveTimestamps>
  <consistencyCheckPeriod>0 0 0/6 ? * *</consistencyCheckPeriod>
  <consistencyCheckNonBlocking>true</consistencyCheckNonBlocking>
  <exclusions>
    <exclusion>/**/.Trash/**</exclusion>
    <exclusion>/**/.hive-staging**</exclusion>
    <exclusion>/**/.snapshot/</exclusion>
    <exclusion>/**/.snapshot</exclusion>
    <exclusion>/**/.Trash</exclusion>
  </exclusions>
  <checksumMethod>NONE</checksumMethod>
  <properties>
    <properties>
      <entry>
        <key>ignorePolicies</key>
        <value>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?&gt;&lt;ignorePolicies/&gt;</value>
      </entry>
    </properties>
  </properties>
  <consistencyCheckThreshold>100000</consistencyCheckThreshold>
  <defaultCcRetentionInterval>1</defaultCcRetentionInterval>
  <replicatedDirectoryName>test1</replicatedDirectoryName>
  <pathsPerProgressUpdate>100</pathsPerProgressUpdate>
</globalProperties>

Cancel a consistency check

Cancel a consistency check by using the taskId returned from the Content-Location header when initiating the check, for example:

curl -v -X PUT 'http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/check/b911241f-c430-11e4-9486-0ebe9eaaf785/cancel'

Writers and Leaders

The writer is the "selected leader" for the state machine replicas in a zone, and the leader is the "selected leader" for the entire set of state machine replicas.
There are as many writers as there are zones, but only one leader — like a local leader vs global leader.

Repair

In the Fusion UI, repairs are now called Make Consistent operations, reflecting on the fact your data isn’t damaged or corrupted, just not in sync between replicas.

Start a Repair

To start a repair using the REST API, use the following call:

curl -v -X PUT '<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/repair?path=<replicated-path>&src=zoneOfTruth'

Further optional parameters are listed below:

Table 13. WANdisco Fusion API Repair Options (all options are query type)
Option name	Description	Default
path	The path that should be made consistent across all zones	`NONE`
recursive	The following options are available: `ROOT_ONLY` - Only the root path `IMMEDIATE_FILES` - Root path and immediate children that are files `IMMEDIATE_CHILDREN` - Root path and immediate children that are both files and directories `INFINITE` - Full recursion	`INFINITE`
repair	If false, when the repair is executed in a zone that is not the source zone any data that is inconsistent in that zone will not be changed. If true, data that exists on the source zone and not on the executing zone will be repaired and data that exists with the same name on both zones will depend on the value of the "replace" argument. The default is true, i.e., to make all replicas of the path consistent.	`true`
replace	If false, when the repair is executed in a zone that is not the source zone, any files or directories of the same name will not be replaced. The default is true, i.e., files/directories of the same name will be recreated to match the source zone. This argument is irrelevant if "repair" is false.	`false`
preserve	If true, when the repair is executed in a zone that is not the source zone any data that exists in that zone but not the source zone will be retained and not removed. The default is false, i.e., to make all replicas of the path consistent by removing all data in the non-source zone(s) that does not exist in the source.	`true`
src	The "source" zone that contains the correct copy of the path and which will be used as the source of correct data and meta-data.	`NONE`
checksumMethod	The checksum method to use to verify whether files are equivalent across zones. It can be either of MD5/SHA1/NONE.	`NONE`
type	The type of repair to run.	`fs`
nonBlocking	Selects whether to run the repair type in non-blocking mode. This applies exclusively to the RepairVariant#CC and is ignored for other types of repair.	`false`
force	Whether to skip lookup of existing consistency check tasks to base a repair on and trigger a new check prior to repair. This applies exclusively to the RepairVariant#CC and is ignored for other types of repair.	`true`

Example to start repair with multiple options:

curl -v -X PUT 'http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/repair?path=<replicated-path>&recursive=true&src=<source-of-truth-zone-name>&preserve=true&replace=true&repair=true&type=cc&nonBlocking=true'

If you are using path mapping, the path name given is relative to the Fusion zone you are in.

Example

Zone 1 path = /repl1
Zone 2 path = /repl2

URL to use in Zone 1 = http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs?path=/repl1

URL to use in Zone 2 = http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs?path=/repl2

Return the Repair task

To return the repair task, take the taskId returned in the Content-Location header when starting the repair, e.g.:

curl -v http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/repair/adeef381-83ec-11ea-aad2-e62bfa20235d

Repair Status

List in-progress or completed repairs that are being performed on this zone. It’s important to note that this information exists on the target zone node, not the "source-of-truth" or proposing zone.

http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/repairs

Parameter Description Default

path

The path for which the list of repairs should be returned. If null, we will get all repairs.

null

showAll

Whether or not to include past repairs for the same file. The options are true to show all repairs on the given path, and false to show only the last repair.

false

sortField

The field by which the repairs should be sorted. The options are to sort by the startTime, completeTime or path.

completeTime

sortOrder

The order in which the entries should be sorted according to the sort field. The options are to sort in ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC) order.

DESC

recursive

If true, repairs are also done on descendants of the path.

false

Example to return a repair for a specific path (e.g. /repl1):

curl -v 'http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/repairs?path=/repl1'

Cancel a Repair

To cancel a repair, the taskId returned in the Content-Location header when starting the repair, e.g.:

curl -v -X PUT 'http://<fusion-server-host/IP>:8082/fusion/fs/repair/adeef381-83ec-11ea-aad2-e62bfa20235d/cancel'

7.3.5. IgnoreZones

In some cases you may wish to block some zones from accepting requests from certain other zones. This provides useful flexibility, at the zone level, allowing you to limit unnecessary or unwanted replication traffic.

Setting up an IgnoreZone

To use this property, you use the following PUT call which uses an XML file to define the ignore policy for the specified Replicated Directory Path.

curl --negotiate -u : -v -s -X PUT -d@ignoringZones.xml -H "Content-Type: application/xml" "http://hostname.cluster.domain.com:8082/fusion/fs/properties/global/ignorePolicies?path=/repl1"

with the above "ignoringZones.xml" input XML file conforming to the following pattern:

<ignorePolicies>
    <ignorePolicy>
        <zone>dc1</zone>
        <ignore>
            <zone>dc2</zone>
            <zone>dc3</zone>
        </ignore>
    </ignorePolicy>
    <ignorePolicy>
        <zone>dc2</zone>
        <ignore>
            <zone>dc1</zone>
            <zone>dc4</zone>
        </ignore>
    </ignorePolicy>
</ignorePolicies>

Each ignorePolicy is a mapping of zones to ignore from one zone, "zone" to other zones, "ignore". In the above example,

"dc1" would ignore any requests/repair from "dc2" and "dc3"
"dc2" would ignore any requests/repair from "dc1" and "dc4"

IgnoreZone validation

An ignorePolicy can NOT be defined more than once for the same zone, so there can’t be two ignorePolicy instances with the same <zone> attribute.
A zone can NOT ignore itself.
A zone can NOT be defined more than once in the ignore list per ignorePolicy.
When issuing a make consistent process, zones that are ignoring the source zone will not participate. If there was only one participating zone, a make consistent process is not possible - so it would be cancelled automatically.

Removing IgnoreZone policies

To remove an unwanted set of IgnoreZone policies, use a new PUT call where the payload xml file contains just the following:

<ignorePolicies>
</ignorePolicies>

This will blank the policies that were set for the applicable replication path.

7.3.6. Summary statistics of directed acyclic graph (DAG)

The following API endpoints may be used for troubleshooting / analysis.

Requests

Currently, the DAG contains 2 types of node:

DependentAgreedProposal (DAP or agreed proposal), which is generally for most proposals such as create, close and rename.
DependentCallable, (DC or callable), which is only used for HFlush.

When added into the DAG, these nodes behave differently, DC will just calculate the dependencies by Tree (Dependency tree, the real DAG), and is then added in Tree, if there are dependencies, then also into the preMap and succMap.

The store will check the DAP size in the DAG first. There’s a fixed size for this, which currently set to 20000. So, if there is still some space, then it will be recalculated and dependencies will be added to DAG and database. If not, then it goes into database (in the unprocessed state) and awaits the availability of space in DAG.

Table 14. Proposal’s state
State	Description
Submitted	Requests submitted to executor.
Waiting	Requests waiting in DAG for their dependencies' completion.
Unprocessed (DAP only)	DAPs in database but not in DAG.

DAG statistics

The following REST API endpoints can be used to measure that status of the DAG.

Statistics currently only work on the writer node. For non-writer nodes, results would be inaccurate.

Table 15. DAG Statistics
Endpoint	Name	Description
/fusion/fs/requests/dag/size	DAGSize	Number of all requests in DAG
/fusion/fs/requests/waiting/size	waitingSize	Number of requests in DAG waiting their dependencies’ completion
/fusion/fs/requests/unprocessed/size	UnprocessedSize	Counter monitoring the number of unprocessed DAPs
/fusion/fs/requests/submitted/size	submittedSize	Number of all requests submitted to executor
/fusion/fs/requests/proposal/size	proposalSize	Number of all uncompleted DAPs
/fusion/fs/requests/callable/size	callableSize	Number of all uncompleted DCs
/fusion/fs/requests/summary	NA	All above

7.4. Fusion Metrics

This guide explains the available Fusion JMX metrics, which can be viewed by accessing the Fusion Server API:

Example

http://${FUSION_SERVER_HOSTNAME}:8082/jmx/

7.4.1. Type "RouteMetrics"

Diagnostics from TCP events, this includes events that DConE has dropped due to full queues.

Metrics:
dropped.name.route_<route> - number of dropped requests per route.
queueSize - number of requests in a queue.
timeStamp - timestamp when these metrics were collected.

<route> = route host (for example: fusion-server1.example.com).

7.4.2. Type "JvmPauseMetrics"

These metrics track JVM pauses that may impact Fusion operation, such as those caused by garbage collection (GC). The monitor repeatedly checks the time, performing a 500ms (millisecond) sleep between checks. If more than 500ms pass since the previous check, then a pause occurred. However, the system only counts pauses that breached the following thresholds:

Metrics:
numGcInfoThresholdExceeded - A count of the number of times that a pause breached the "info" threshold, which is 1 second (1000ms).
numGcWarnThresholdExceeded - A count of the number of times that a pause breached the "warn" threshold, which is 10 seconds (10000ms).
totalGcExtraSleepTime - Records the cumulative pause time (in milliseconds) that resulted from the above threshold breaches. Therefore, any pause shorter in duration than the 1000 Ms 'info' threshold is not counted.

7.4.3. Type "StateMachineMetrics"

Deterministic State Machine (DSM) status events from local and remote nodes (each replication path has a DSM assigned).

Metrics:
totalLocalStatusEvents - number of local status events.
totalStatusEvents - total number of status events on all nodes.
timeStamp - timestamp when these metrics were collected.

7.4.4. Type "NetworkMetrics"

The Network diagnostic information comes from the network/socket layer, which is below the DConE Node/Route/Location concepts.

Metrics:

Property

Description

received.name.address_<address>

Number of requests received per remote host.

receivedfailures.name.address_<address>

Number of requests that failed to receive per remote host.

sent.name.address_<address>

Number of requests sent per remote host.

sentFailures.name.address_<address>

Number of requests that failed to send per remote host.

<address> = IP address (for example: 10.14.212.21).

7.4.5. Type "AgreedProposalExecutorMetrics"

Keeps a record of the requests submitted, along with the time they were submitted. The time a request starts executing is also recorded.
Once the request has completed executing, it is removed from the collection. This allows us to view requests that are currently holding executor.threads and requests that have been submitted but have not yet started executing.

Metrics:
submittedAgreedCount - total number of queued and executing requests.
queuedAgreedCount - number of requests waiting to be executed by the thread pool.
executingAgreedCount - number of requests currently being executed by the thread pool.
busyDsmExecutionCount - number of requests executing on the "busy DSM" (the "busy DSM" has the most requests currently executing).

7.4.6. Type "AgreementManagerMetrics"

Current active agreements in the Fusion system.

Metrics:
agreementsCount - number of active agreements in the system.

7.4.7. Type "BeaconMetrics"

Beacons are used to communicate between Fusion nodes in an ecosystem.

Metrics:
beaconCount - how many beacons are currently running.

7.4.8. Type "DsmState"

Information on the state of a DSM. This group of metrics provide extra information over the status message, such as the timestamp.

Metrics:

Property

Description

lastDelivered.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Last proposal that DConE gave to the application to execute.

lastDeliveredTimestamp.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Timestamp when the last delivered proposal was collected.

lastOutput.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Last proposal that DConE put into the queue.

lastOutputTimestamp.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Timestamp when the last proposal was put into the queue.

lastUpdated.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Timestamp when DsmState metrics were last updated.

deliveryRate.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

DSM delivery rate (time delta is between now and lastDeliveredTimestamp).

outputRate.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

DSM DConE queue rate (time delta is between now and lastOutputTimestamp).

lastDispatched.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Timestamp when DsmState metrics were dispatched (almost the same as lastUpdated).

<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity> = an identifier for a group of DSMs and which nodes they are linked to (for example: 037c1b3e-cbe7-43c8-a33d-b3795649f303).

If lastOutput and lastDelivered are equal, this indicates that the node is executing agreements as fast as they are being made.
If there is a big difference between lastOutput and lastDelivered then the node is behind. This does not always indicate an issue unless the delta between the two grows exponentially over time.

7.4.9. Type "ConnectionStatus"

Count of connections per active connection.

Metrics:
connectionCount.name.route_<routeAddress> - number of connections per route.

<routeAddress> = route host + port (for example: fusion-server1.example.com:8080).

7.4.10. Type "DecouplerStatisticsMetrics"

There are two decouplers in the Fusion kernel: Default and Teach. These are thread pools that perform large amounts of processing, as they process the messages that come from the network. There are queues attached to these thread pools that have no size limit so that large numbers of events from the network can wait to be processed.

Metrics:
activeThreads.name.className_<className>
completedTasks.name.className_<className>
threadPoolSize.name.className_<className>
queueSizeMetric.name.className_<className>

<className> = Fusion class name for Default or Teach decoupler (for example: com.wandisco.events.DefaultDecoupler).

7.4.11. Type “DecouplerStatisticsDeltaMetrics”

Similar to DecouplerStatisticsMetrics but for periods of time.

Metrics:
taskCompleteInPeriod.name.className_<className>
queueSizeDelta.name.className_<className>
start.name.className_<className>
end.name.className_<className>
period.name.className_<className>
peakQueueSize.name.className_<className>

<className> = Fusion class name for Default or Teach decoupler (for example: com.wandisco.events.DefaultDecoupler).

7.4.12. Type "GsnGCTaskTrackerMetrics"

Global Sequence Number (GSN) garbage collection tracking.

Metrics:

Property

Description

submitted.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Values 1.0 (true) or 0.0 (false) - new garbage collection request has been submitted.

executing.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Values 1.0 (true) or 0.0 (false) - a garbage collection request is currently executing.

lowestUnexecutedKey.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

The lowest GSN ID that was not yet removed from storage.

lastExecutionTime.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Time of how long the last execution was (in milliseconds).

lastExecutionStatus.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

1 if succeeded, 0 if failed.

executionFailureCount.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Number of execution failures.

executionCount.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Number of executions.

taskAlreadySubmittedCount.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Total number of submitted garbage collection tasks.

lastFailureTime.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Last time GSN garbage collection failed.

lastSuccessTime.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Last time GSN garbage collection succeeded.

blockedCount.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Number of blocked GC threads.

totalBlockedTime.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Total time of blocked GC threads.

waiting.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Number of waiting threads.

ignored.name.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>.uri.uri_<URI>

Number of ignored GSNs (if lowestUnexecutedKey has already been done).

<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity> = an identifier for a group of DSMs and which nodes they are linked to (for example: 037c1b3e-cbe7-43c8-a33d-b3795649f303).

<URI> = Uniform resource identifier (for example: hdfs://nameservice01).

7.4.13. Type "RecordedGSNMetrics"

General Global Sequence Number (GSN) metrics.

Metrics:

Property

Description

numberGSNWritten.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Total number of GSNs written per replication rule.

totalTimeWritingGSN.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Total time taken to write GSNs.

longestTimeToWriteGSN.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Time of the longest GSN writing.

numberGSNWrittenPeriod.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Number of GSNs written for period (see periodStart and periodEnd).

totalTimeWritingGSNPeriod.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Total time taken to write GSNs (see periodStart and periodEnd).

longestTimeToWriteGSNPeriod.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Total time taken to write GSNs for period (see periodStart and periodEnd).

averageTimeToWriteGSN.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Average time to write a GSN.

averageTimeToWriteGSNPeriod.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Average time of writing a GSN for period (see periodStart and periodEnd).

periodStart.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Timestamp of starting period.

periodEnd.family_<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity>

Timestamp of ending period.

<FamilyRepresentativeIdentity> = an identifier for a group of DSMs and which nodes they are linked to (for example: 037c1b3e-cbe7-43c8-a33d-b3795649f303).

7.4.14. Type "RouteStatisticsDeltaMetrics"

Delta between the two events of RouteDiagnostics. RouteDiagnostics are diagnostics from the routers, which is above the network layer and includes events that DConE has dropped due to full queues.

Metrics:
start - timestamp of start period.
end - timestamp of end period.
period - delta (in milliseconds) between start and end.
droppedEvents.name.route_<route> - number of dropped events.

<route> = route host (for example: fusion-server1.example.com).

7.4.15. Type "SnapshotMetrics"

Snapshot metrics of the associated DConE database. The length of time is important as a global lock is maintained whilst this is happening on the database.

Metrics:

Property

Description

acquireTime.databaseName.database_<DBName>

How long it took to lock a database.

acquireAttempts.databaseName.database_<DBName>

How many attempts were made to lock a database.

snapshotTime.databaseName.database_<DBName>

How long it took to take a snapshot (acquireTime excluded).

startTime.databaseName.database_<DBName>

Timestamp of when the snapshot began.

finishTime.databaseName.database_<DBName>

Timestamp of when the snapshot finished.

<DBName> = name string associated with database instance (for example: DConE.application.db).

7.4.16. Type "SnapshotThreadMetrics"

Metrics of snapshotting all databases. The length of time is important as a global lock is maintained whilst this is happening on the database.

Metrics:
start - timestamp of when the snapshot began for all DBs.
end - timestamp of when the snapshot finished for all DBs.
period - how long it took to take a snapshot of all DBs (in milliseconds).

7.4.17. Type "TransferDataMetrics"

These metrics capture each TransferEvent type for remote Fusion servers, such as the total event count, last event time, and other metrics specified for the TransferDataMetrics type (like transferred bytes or source object size).

Metrics:
<metricName>.address.<remoteNode>

<metricName> = a metric used for individual servers (for example: totalScheduledEvents).
<remoteNode> = The remote node hostname/IP address (for example: fusion-server2.example.com/10.10.220.11:7000).

Property

Description

totalScheduledEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of scheduled events that schedule files for transfer per remote node.

totalScheduledSourceSize.address.<remoteNode>

Total size of files that were scheduled for transfer.

lastScheduledSourceSize.address.<remoteNode>

Size of latest file that was scheduled to transfer.

lastScheduledEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp when the latest Schedule event was collected.

totalTransferredEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of Transfer events per remote node.

totalTransferredBytes.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of transferred bytes.

lastTransferredBytes.address.<remoteNode>

Size of latest transferred file.

lastTransferredEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp when the latest Transfer event was collected.

totalCompletedEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of completed events per remote node.

totalCompletedTransferredBytes.address.<remoteNode>

Total transferred bytes calculated by completed events.

lastCompletedTransferredBytes.address.<remoteNode>

Last transferred bytes calculated by completed events.

lastCompletedEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of the last completed event.

totalNewTransferEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of new transfer events per remote node.

totalNewTransferSourceSize.address.<remoteNode>

Total size of source files calculated by new transfer events.

totalNewTransferAppendSize.address.<remoteNode>

Total size of appended bytes calculated by new transfer events.

lastNewTransferSourceSize.address.<remoteNode>

Size of source files in the last new transfer event.

lastNewTransferAppendSize.address.<remoteNode>

Size of appended bytes in the last new transfer event.

lastNewTransferEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of the last new transfer event.

totalDeletedEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of deleted events.

lastDeletedEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of the last deleted event.

totalRenamedEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of renamed events.

lastRenamedEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of the last renamed event.

totalUpdateStatsEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of "update statistics" events.

lastPullThroughput.address.<remoteNode>

Last measured pull throughput in bytes per second.

lastUpdateStatsEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of "update statistics" event measurement.

totalUpdatedEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of all "updated" events.

totalUpdatedRecursiveEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of recursive "updated" events.

lastUpdatedEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of the last "updated" event.

totalFailedEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of failed events.

lastFailedEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of the last failed event.

totalIncompleteEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of incomplete events.

lastIncompleteEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of the last incomplete event.

totalAppendCompleteEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of "append complete" events.

totalAppendCompleteTransferredBytes.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of appended bytes.

lastAppendCompleteTransferredBytes.address.<remoteNode>

Last appended bytes.

lastAppendCompleteEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of the last "append complete" event.

totalStalledEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of stalled events.

lastStalledEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of the last stalled event.

totalEmptyTransferEvents.address.<remoteNode>

Total number of empty transfer events.

lastEmptyTransferEventTime.address.<remoteNode>

Timestamp of the last empty transfer event.

7.4.18. Type "LoggerMetrics"

All logging events and rates in all levels (debug, error, fatal, info, trace, warn).

Metrics:
log4j2.events.level.error

Attributes:

Count - total count of Error log events.
FifteenMinuteRate- rate of Error log events in the last 15 mins.
FiveMinuteRate- rate of Error log events in the last 5 mins.
MeanRate - mean rate of Error log events.
OneMinuteRate - rate of Error log events in the last minute.
RateUnit - rate unit (events/seconds).
log4j2.events.level.fatal

Attributes:

Count- total count of Fatal log events.
FifteenMinuteRate - rate of Fatal log events in the last 15 mins.
FiveMinuteRate - rate of Fatal log events in the last 5 mins.
MeanRate - mean rate of Fatal log events.
OneMinuteRate - rate of Fatal log events in the last minute.
RateUnit - rate unit (events/seconds).
log4j2.events.level.warn

Attributes:

Count - total count of Warn log events.
FifteenMinuteRate - rate of Warn log events in the last 15 mins.
FiveMinuteRate - rate of Warn log events in the last 5 mins.
MeanRate - mean rate of Warn log events.
OneMinuteRate - rate of Warn log events in the last minute.
RateUnit - rate unit (events/seconds).

7.4.19. Type "IhcConnectionMetrics"

IHC Server connection metrics, such as the number of IHC Servers connected to this local Fusion server.

Metrics:
<totalMetricName>
<metricName>.address.<ihcAddress>

<totalMetricName> = a metric used for total sum of servers (for example: serverCount).
<metricName> = a metric used for individual servers (for example: serverUp).
<ihcAddress> = IHC Server hostname/IP address (for example: fusion-server1.example.com/10.10.215.11:7000).

Total metrics:
serverCount - total number of IHC Servers currently connected.
serversUp - number of IHC Servers that are reporting as online to the local Fusion server.
serversDown - number of IHC Servers that are seen as down to the local Fusion server.

Metrics per IHC server:
serverUp.address.<ihcAddress>

7.5. Plugins Metrics

7.5.1. Type "CommonPluginsMetrics"

Uses to collect metrics from plugins.

7.5.2. Live Migrator Pipes plugin

Property

Description

transfers.successful.address.<pipe address>

Total count of successful transfers per pipe.

transfers.failed.address.<pipe address>

Total count of transfers failed.

transferredBytes.address.<pipe address>

Count of bytes transferred per pipe.

registeredPipes.count

Count of pipes currently registered.

transfers.failed.retriable

Count of transfers that failed and were retried on the pipe server.

transfers.failed.nonretriable

Count of transfers that failed and were not retriable on the pipe server.

transfers.failed.fusionWillExecute

Count of transfers that failed and were retried by Fusion directly.

transfers.pollingAttempts

Pull attempts if transfer failed.

transfers.pull.total

Total pull execution time statistics.

transfers.downloading.time

Total time spent downloading files statistics.

7.6. Background Reading

This section gives background information on some of the concepts used in WANdisco Fusion.

Node types
Memberships
Authorization and Authentication

7.6.1. Guide to node types

A Primer on Paxos

Replication networks are composed of a number of nodes, each node takes on one of a number of roles:

Acceptors (A)

The Acceptors act as the gatekeepers for state change and are collected into groups called Quorums. For any proposal to be accepted, it must be sent to a Quorum of Acceptors. Any proposal received from an Acceptor node will be ignored unless it is received from each Acceptor in the Quorum.

Proposers (P)

Proposer nodes are responsible for proposing changes, via client requests, and aims to receive agreement from a majority of Acceptors.

Learners (L)

Learners handle the actual work of replication. Once a Client request has been agreed on by a Quorum the Learner may take the action, such as executing a request and sending a response to the client. Adding more learner nodes will improve availability for the processing.

Distinguished Node

It’s common for a Quorum to be a majority of participating Acceptors. However, if there’s an even number of nodes within a Quorum this introduces a problem: the possibility that a vote may tie. To handle this scenario a special type of Acceptor is available, called a Distinguished Node. This machine gets a slightly larger vote so that it can break 50/50 ties.

Nodes in Fusion

APL: Acceptor - the node will vote on the order in which replicated changes will play out.
Proposer - the node will create proposals for changes that can be applied to the other nodes.
Learner - the node will receive replication traffic that will synchronize its data with other nodes.
PL: Proposer - the node will create proposals for changes that can be applied to the other nodes.
Learner - the node will receive replication traffic that will synchronize its data with other nodes.
Distinguished Node: Acceptor - the distinguished node is used in situations where there is an even number of nodes, a configuration that introduces the risk of a tied vote. The Distinguished Node’s bigger vote ensures that it is not possible for a vote to become tied.

7.6.2. Memberships

WANdisco Fusion is built on WANdisco’s patented DConE active-active replication technology. DConE sets a requirement that all replicating nodes that synchronize data with each other are joined in a "membership". Memberships are coordinated groups of nodes where each node takes on a particular role in the replication system.

In versions of WANdisco Fusion prior to 2.11, memberships were manually created using the UI. Now all required combinations of zones are automatically created, making the creation of Replication Rules simpler. You can however still interact with memberships if needed through the API.

Creating resilient Memberships

WANdisco Fusion is able to maintain HDFS replication even after the loss of WANdisco Fusion nodes from a cluster. However, there are some configuration rules that are worth considering:

Rule 1: Understand Learners and Acceptors

The unique Active-Active replication technology used by WANdisco Fusion is an evolution of the Paxos algorithm, as such we use some Paxos concepts which are useful to understand:

Learners:
Learners are the WANdisco Fusion nodes that are involved in the actual replication of Namespace data. When changes are made to HDFS metadata these nodes raise a proposal for the changes to be made on all the other copies of the filesystem space on the other data centers running WANdisco Fusion within the membership.

Learner nodes are required for the actual storage and replication of hdfs data. You need a learner node where ever you need to store a copy of the shared hdfs data.

Acceptors:
All changes being made in the replicated space at each data center must be made in exactly the same order. This is a crucial requirement for maintaining synchronization. Acceptors are nodes that take part in the vote for the order in which proposals are played out.

Acceptor Nodes are required for keeping replication going. You need enough Acceptors to ensure that agreement over proposal ordering can always be met, even after accounting for possible node loss. For configurations where there are a an even number of Acceptors it is possible that voting could become tied. For this reason it is possible to make an Acceptor node into a tie-breaker which has slightly more voting power so that it can outvote another single Acceptor node.

Rule 2: Replication groups should have a minimum membership of three learner nodes

Two-node clusters (running two WANdisco Fusion servers) are not fault tolerant, you should strive to replicate according to the following guideline:

The number of learner nodes required to survive population loss of N nodes = 2N+1
where N is your number of nodes.

So in order to survive the loss of a single WANdisco Fusion server equipped datacenter you need to have a minimum of 2x1+1= 3 nodes
In order to keep on replicating after losing a second node you need 5 nodes.

Rule 3: Learner Population - resilience vs rightness

During the installation of each of your nodes you may configure the Content Node Count number, this is the number of other learner nodes in the replication group that need to receive the content for a proposal before the proposal can be submitted for agreement.

Setting this number to 1 ensures that replication won’t halt if some nodes are behind and have not received replicated content yet. This strategy reduces the chance that a temporary outage or heavily loaded node will stop replication, however, it also increases the risk that namenode data will go out of sync (requiring admin-intervention) in the event of an outage.

Rule 4: 2 nodes per site provides resilience and performance benefits

Running with two nodes per site provides two important advantages.

Firstly it provides every site with a local hot-backup of the namenode data.
Enables a site to load-balance namenode access between the nodes which can improve performance during times of heavy usage.
Providing the nodes are Acceptors, it increases the population of nodes that can form agreement and improves resilience for replication.

7.6.3. Agreement recovery in WANdisco Fusion

This section explains why, when monitoring replication recovery, the execution of agreements on the filesystem may occur out of the expected order on the catching-up node.

In the event that the WAN link between clusters is temporarily dropped, it may be noticed that when the link returns, there’s a brief delay before the reconnected zones are back in sync and it may appear that recovery is happening with filesystem operations being applied out of order, in terms of the coordinated operations associated with each agreement.

This behaviour can be explained as follows:

The "non-writer" nodes review the coordinated agreements to determine which agreements the current writer has processed and which agreements they can remove from their own store, where they are kept in case the writer node fails and they are selected to take over.

Why are proposals seemingly being delivered out-of-order?

This is related and why you will see coordinated operation’s written "out-of-order" in the filesystem. Internally within Fusion, "non-interfering" agreements are processed in parallel so that throughput is not hindered by operations that take a long time, such as a large file copy.

Example

Consider the following global sequence, where /repl1 is the replicated directory:

1. Copy 10TB file to /repl1/dir1/file1
2. Copy 10TB file to /repl1/dir2/file1
3. Chown /repl/dir1

Agreements 1 and 2 may be executed in parallel since they do not interfere with one-another.
However, agreement 3 must wait for agreement 1 to complete before it can be applied to the filesystem.
If agreement 2 completes before 1 then its operation will be recorded before the preceding agreement and look on the surface like an out-of-order filesystem operation.

Under the hood

DConE’s Output Proposal Sequence (OPS) delivers agreed values in strict sequence, one-at-a-time, to an application. Applying these values to the application state in the sequence delivered by the OPS ensures the state is consistent with other replicas at that point in the sequence. However, an optimization can be made: if two or more values do not interfere with one another they may be applied in parallel without adverse effects. This parallelization has several benefits, for example:

It may increase the rate of agreed values applied to the application state if there are many non-interfering agreements;
It avoids an agreement that takes a long time to complete (such as a large file transfer) from blocking later agreements that aren’t dependent on that agreement having completed.

7.6.4. Hadoop File System configuration - explanation of properties

fs.defaultFS

Hadoop uses this configuration property to determine which scheme will be used when an application interacting with the FileSystem API does not specify a file system type.

Example with fs.defaultFS set
/path/to/file

Example without fs.defaultFS set
hdfs:///path/to/file

The selection of the Default FileSystem is going to be driven by the cluster’s storage file system. Below are two examples from different environments.

HDFS cluster with HA enabled

fs.defaultFS=hdfs://nameservice

HDInsight cluster

fs.defaultFS=adl://<account>.azuredatalakestore.net

fs.fusion.underlyingFs

The address of the underlying filesystem, this can have the same value as the fs.defaultFS property.

This may vary in certain cases, such as EMRFS, where the fs.defaultFS points to a local HDFS built on the instance storage, with persistent data being stored in S3 storage. In this case, the fs.fusion.underlyingFs property will be set to the S3 storage endpoint.

The underlying filesystem requires a URI like hdfs://namenode:port, hdfs://nameservice or adl://<account-name>.azuredatalakestore.net/, and there needs to be a valid fs.<scheme>.impl setting in place for whatever that underlying file system is.

fs.fusion.underlyingFsClass

The name of the implementation class for the underlying file system specified by the fs.fusion.underlyingFs property. Fusion expects particular implementation classes to be associated with common URI schemes (e.g. S3://, hdfs://), used by Hadoop clients when accessing the file system.

Example

org.apache.hadoop.fs.azure.NativeAzureFileSystem$Secure

would be used if:

fs.fusion.underlyingFs = adls://<account-name>.azuredatalakestore.net

If you use alternative implementations classes for the scheme configured in fs.fusion.underlyingFs, you need to specify the name of the implementation for the underlying file system with this item. You also need to specify the implementation if using a URI scheme that is not a known default.

These are some of the default class implementations for each scheme:

file = org.apache.hadoop.fs.RawLocalFileSystem
hdfs = org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem
mapr = com.mapr.fs.MapRFileSystem
adl = org.apache.hadoop.fs.adl.AdlFileSystem
gs = com.google.cloud.hadoop.fs.gcs.GoogleHadoopFileSystem
s3 = com.amazon.ws.emr.hadoop.fs.EmrFileSystem
s3a = org.apache.hadoop.fs.s3a.S3AFileSystem
s3n = com.amazon.ws.emr.hadoop.fs.EmrFileSystem
wasb = org.apache.hadoop.fs.azure.NativeAzureFileSystem
wasbs = org.apache.hadoop.fs.azure.NativeAzureFileSystem$Secure

In turn, Fusion only gets involved if the implementation class for the file system used is one of the available Fusion classes:

com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHcfs or com.wandisco.fs.client.FusionHdfs

So if the fs.*.impl refers to either of those then you need to have the correct settings for the fs.fusion.underlyingFs and fs.fusion.underlyingFsClass properties (the latter has defaults that should work, and which are determined by the text used for the scheme).

7.6.5. Authorization and Authentication

Overview

Users can have their access to Fusion fine-tuned using assigned roles. Each Fusion user can be assigned one or more roles through the organization’s authorization authority. When the user logs into Fusion, their account’s associated roles are checked and their role with the highest priority is applied to their access.

Roles can be mapped to Fusion’s complete set of functions and features, so that user access can be as complete or as limited as your organization’s guidelines dictate. A set of roles are provided by default, you read about these in the Roles and Permissions, you can, instead, create your own user roles and limit permissions to specific Fusion functions.

Figure 180. Fusion Authorization and Authentication model

The Fusion UI server uses a User Authorization abstraction which incorporates the following sub-systems:

Authorization Authority Manager

This component is responsible for mapping the authenticated user to one or more roles based on their presence in the Authorization Authority.

Authorization Authority

This refers to the system that stores Authorization mapping information. This could be Active Directory, LDAP, Cloudera Manager, etc.

The Authorization Authority Manager is responsible for:

Managing connectivity to the authority
Mapping authority grouping to Fusion Roles
Syncing changes in user authorization
Invalidating sessions

If an Authorization Authority is not connected then only the standard Fusion "admin" account will be able to access the Fusion user interface.

Role Manager

The Role Manager defines the available user roles and maps them to sets of feature toggles.

Feature Toggle presents each of the UI features that a user can interact with (both read and write actions)
The set of Feature toggles is static and mapped into the system per release
The set of Features mapped to each role can be managed dynamically in the running system
- Storage of this data will be in the underlying (replicated) file system. Thus enabling all Fusion nodes in a zone to take advantage of the same configuration
A default set of roles, each with a suitable set of mappings that match expected user types. See

UI Client Feature toggle

Client elements of the UI will all be mapped against a Feature Toggle
Client elements of the UI will dynamically act on the Feature Toggle value

Client/Server certificates

The UI server and Fusion server will connect using mutual authentication with client/server certificates

API filter

Calls to Fusion’s REST APIs are guarded by a filter which checks the client calls against the roles specified and decides whether the call is authorized. The filter uses a 2 stage check:

Check that the supplied client token is valid and get the role(s) which it maps to
- In the case that no token is supplied a 401 error should be returned - which should be interpreted as the need for the client to log in with their credentials and generate a token.
Check that the role for the given token is valid for the call being made (by checking against the permissions for the relevant feature).
- If it is not valid then a 403 error should be returned.